APA (7th ed.) Citation
(2026). Individual and group competitive digital gamification in ESL adult classrooms: A systematic review of effects on vocabulary retention, motivation, and engagement. Smart Learning Environments.
Chicago Style (17th ed.) Citation
"Individual and Group Competitive Digital Gamification in ESL Adult Classrooms: A Systematic Review of Effects on Vocabulary Retention, Motivation, and Engagement." Smart Learning Environments 2026.
MLA (9th ed.) Citation
"Individual and Group Competitive Digital Gamification in ESL Adult Classrooms: A Systematic Review of Effects on Vocabulary Retention, Motivation, and Engagement." Smart Learning Environments, 2026.
Warning: These citations may not always be 100% accurate.