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Biosurfactant enhanced biodegradation of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in a two-stage continuous stirred tank bioreactors and biofilm tank
Published 2018Subjects: “…Biodegradation…”
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Effect of castor oil, moringa seed oil and canola oil as lubricity enhancers for diesel fuel
Published 2021Subjects: “…Biodegradability…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- A study was conducted on 3031 cattle slaughtered in Ibadan over a period of three months to determine the prevalence of rumen impaction with indigestible garbage and evaluate breed, sex, age and some blood indices as risk factors. Thorough antemortem and postmortem examinations were carried out on each of the animals to determine the breed, health status, sex, age and presence of indigestible garbage in the rumen while blood samples were collected and analysed only for animals with indigestible garbage, to determine total serum protein and phosphorus levels. Results showed overall prevalence of rumen impaction was 10.77% and it differed significantly between breeds, but was highest in the Red Bororo (RB). Sex and age had significant influence on the prevalence of rumen impaction. It was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in females than in males and in older animals than in younger ones. Total serum protein and phosphorus levels were significantly lower than reference values in animals with rumen impaction. 2 results 2
- Biodegradable materials 2 results 2
- Cattle 2 results 2
- Prevalence 2 results 2
- Rumen impaction 2 results 2
- ANOVA 1 results 1
- Bacteria utilisation 1 results 1
- Banana pseudo stem fiber 1 results 1
- Biodegradability 1 results 1
- Biodegradation 1 results 1
- Biodegradation, 1 results 1
- Biological deterioration of wood is one of the major challenges on wood utilization especially in tropical countries like Nigeria. This is because of the favourable weather condition for the bin-deteriorating agents to thrive. This study is therefore carried out to investigate the biodegrading agents of logs in sawmills and planks in plank markets in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data for the study were collected using checklist, and laboratory examination of collected samples from decayed logs and planks. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics. The results of the laboratory examination revealed that a variety of fungi moulds, namely Aspergillus flavus Fredrick Link, Aspergillus niger VanTieghem, Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat, Trichodermalongi brachlatum Rifai, Penicillium oxalicum Currie and Thorn, Rhizopus stolonifer,(Ehrenb.ex Fr)., that are not host specific were encountered. Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat, was present in all the three sawmills and two timber markets while Aspergillus flavus Fredrick Link and Aspergillus niger VanTieghem, were present in only one sawmill (Moniya). The order Coleoptera and Isoptera were the two prominent insect pest groups identified. These were from seven families out of which five species of insects namely Termites, Beetles, Borers, Weevils and Carpenter ants were identified. The degree of molds growth on the surface of the wood is an indication that the conditions are favourable for wood decay to occur. It is therefore recommended that logs should be properly handled during log storage and processing in the mills by keeping the environment clean. Processed timbers should also be arranged in such a way that there will be free flow of air within stacked timber. 1 results 1
- Biostimulation treatment 1 results 1
- Cassava Starch Residue (CSR) contains insoluble fibrous component that makes it unsuitable for monogastrics. Its digestibility can be enhanced through microbial biodegradation or probiotic-addition which had been used in ruminants feeding. Information on fungal-treated or enzyme-supplemented-CSR and its use as feedstuff for poultry is a contribution to the giving body of knowledge. Thus, fungal biodegradation and exogenous enzyme supplementation of CSR in broiler was investigated. One hundred and eighty a-day old Hybro-chicks were allotted to six treatments (r=6) and fed for 49 days on diets containing CSR of 0(control), 5,10, 15, 20 and 25% for optimal utilisation determination. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Body Weight Gain (BWG g/day), Relative Weights (RW) of gizzard, kidney, liver, and heart were measured. Blood cholesterol (mg/100mL) was determined. Apparent Nutrient Digestibility (AND) of Crude Protein (CP) and Crude Fibre (CF) were evaluated. The CSR was biodegraded with Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and their mixtures (ratio 1:3, w/w) for 0, 7, 14 and 21 days using solid state fermentation procedure for screening. Ether Extract(EE), CP, CF, Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), Neutral Detergent Fibre(NDF), and Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) of biodegraded-CSR were determined. Furthermore, 180 a-dayold chicks were randomly alloted to groups (n=36) and fed diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of A. niger biodegraded-CSR for 49 days. Pure enzymes (Roxazyme G2G and cellulase) were added to CSR each at 10, 20 and 30% and fed to 210 1-day old chicks (n=42) for 49 days. FCR, BWG, RW; AND: CP, CF, EE, ADF, NDF, ADL, total protein and blood cholesterol were assessed. Data were analysed using the descriptive statistics and ANOVA of completely randomized design at α0.05.The FCR and BWG of birds fed 5% CSR were 2.01±0.01 and 41.0±0.15, and at 0% CSR were 2.10±0.03 and 38.50±0.16 respectively. The RW of gizzard and liver were significantly higher in birds fed CSR compared with control. Blood cholesterol decreased significantly from 148.9±10.5 mg/100mL in control birds to 93.90±6.6 mg/100mL compared to birds fed 25% CSR , while AND of CP and CF were similar in CSR diets. Biodegradation increased CP of CSR by 72.8±0.31% and decreased CF by 33.9±0.09% after 14days. Aspergillus niger decreased the NDF from 68.0±0.28% to 53.7±0.16%, ADF 32.0±0.13% to 20.6±0.09%, and ADL 14.9±0.31% to 12.4±0.12% in CSR than T. viride and mixture of A. niger and T. viride. The FCR (1.94±0.02) and BWG (46.4±0.17) of birds fed 15% biodegraded-CSR was different when compared with 0% biodegraded-CSR. Addition of Roxazyme G2G or Cellulase each with 20% CSR diet improved FCR (1.89±0.01, 1.91±0.04) and BWG (47.2±0.12, 47.1±0.20) respectively compared with control. However, RW and AND of CP, CF, EE, NDF and ADF improved in birds fed A. niger-biodegraded and enzyme supplemented diets. Total serum proteins and blood cholesterol levels were however not affected. Fungal biodegraded at 15% and enzyme supplemented at 20% cassava starch residue enhanced performance of broilers and also lowered the blood cholesterol 1 results 1
- Enzyme supplemented diet 1 results 1
- Fibre biodegradation 1 results 1
- Fungi 1 results 1
- Hybro-chicks 1 results 1
- Improved feedstuff 1 results 1
- Insects, 1 results 1
- JAMB UTME, the only entry route for admission into any Nigerian tertiary institution has few accredited centres having adequate facilities where registration can be carried out. This has resulted in pressure on the few accredited centres within the short timeframe allowed for registration. Thus, there is need for efficiency in the registration process to ensure that as many students as possible are registered within the short timeframe, while maximising financial turnover of registration centre operators. A JAMB UTME registration centre in Ibadan, Nigeria was studied. The requirements and procedures of the registration process were studied through personal observation and interviews during site visits, as well as questionnaires. PERT approach was used to determine the expected time for performing the registration process based on the reported values by the operators. With the aid of a stopwatch, time study was carried out on the registration process. The difference between standard and expected times was used to determine the efficiency of the centre. A cause and effect analysis was carried out to investigate the immediate and root causes of inefficiency. Information gathered include required tools and procedures involved in the registration process. The expected time was found to be 13 minutes while the standard time was discovered to be 6 minutes and 54 seconds, indicating that the efficiency level of the system was at 53%. From the cause and effect analysis, 7 immediate and 15 root causes were found to be responsible for the inefficiency observed. Finally, it was found that inefficiency exists in the process, and as such, it becomes necessary to take some remedial actions so as to improve the efficiency of the whole process. 1 results 1
- Lignocellulosic fibers, one of natural biopolymers, are derived from abundant banana pseudo stem (BPS) agricultural waste in different parts of Nigeria. In this study, the lignocellulosic fibers of three common banana cultivars, agbagba, paranta, and omini, were investigated to determine their chemical composition and mechanical properties. Furthermore, the experimental investigations were correlated with the corresponding Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design under three factors – fiber treatment, diameter, and cultivar type – to find the optimal factors that are pertinent to the desired biodegradation and thermal stability of the fibers. The optimization results indicated that the fiber treatment followed by diameter and the cultivar type was the most influential of the responses, respectively. However, increased cellulosic content led to higher tensile strength and modulus, while higher lignin corresponded to higher elasticity. Meanwhile, the predictions of the biodegradation and thermal stability derived from the Taguchi design via S/N ratio ANOVA and regression modeling correlated adequately with the corresponding experimental observations. Ultimately, the fibers with optimum factors were T3D1C1 and T3D1C3, where T3, D1, C1, and C3 denote that the associated fiber was treated with acetic acid, had a diameter of 60.77 μm, and belong to the cultivar type of agbagba and omini, respectively. 1 results 1
- Modifiedbitumen 1 results 1
- Optimization 1 results 1
- Pathogen, 1 results 1
- Polyethylene 1 results 1
- Polyurethane biodegradation 1 results 1
- Polyurethane is a non-easily degradable synthetic polymer used as packaging material. Its presence and durability in the environment pose global disposal and degradation problem. Polyurethane releases toxic substances with carcinogenic or mutagenic potential during burning in dumpsites. An alternative to burning of waste materials is the use of microorganisms to degrade them. However, little is known about microbial degradation of polyurethane. Therefore, microbial degradation of polyurethane was investigated as an alternative treatment and management method. Polyurethane samples were collected from a dumpsite in the University of Ibadan and rubbish-bins of two fast foods outlets within Ibadan metropolis. The packs were buried at depths ranging from 15-70 cm in the garden soil of Microbiology Department, University of Ibadan. They were exhumed at predetermined intervals between the dry and rainy seasons of June 2010-June 2012 for isolation of microorganisms. The microbial isolates were screened for ability to utilise polyurethane as nitrogen and/or carbon source using mineral salts medium. Selected polyurethane-utilising microorganisms as carbon and nitrogen sources were characterised and identified using standard microbiological procedures and the advanced bacterial identification software database. Biodegradation study was carried out on sterilised soil in the laboratory and garden soil in the field with the best six polyurethane-utilising bacteria. This was done using complete randomised block design with 4x3x2 factorial experiment for isolates combinations (A: Pseudomonas alcaligenes E14+ Providencia pseudomallei D25, B: Enterobacter amnigenus D12+ Vibrio sp. C32, C: Pseudomonas aeruginosa E32 + Providencia pseudomallei D21 and D: Consortium of the six bacteria) and biostimulation treatments (cassava peels, potato peels, no peels) at 1 and 3 month periods. Changes in the functional groups of degraded polyurethane samples were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Weight loss of polyurethane samples was monitored by measurement. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p = 0.05. Of the 106 bacterial isolates obtained, 94 utilised polyurethane as carbon, nitrogen or both with highest occurrence (26.0 %) at 70 cm depth. Eighty-seven per cent of the isolates were obtained during the rainy season. Fifteen bacteria isolates that utilised polyurethane as carbon and nitrogen sources were: Pseudomonas (4), Corynebacterium (1), Providencia (2), Enterobacter (2), Comamonas (2), Micrococcus (1), Arthrobacter (1), Vibrio (1) and Bacillus (1). Fungi isolates could not utilise polyurethane. Percentage degradation of polyurethane with potato peels, cassava peels and no peels was respectively 91.0, 33.0 and 57.2 % in laboratory and 35.9, 0.0 and 76.3 % in field. Ether peak was removed by B, C and D in the field biostimulated with cassava peels. Carbonyl peak area was reduced by 87.6 % with D biostimulated with potato peels in the laboratory and changes in the functional groups were significant. The highest weight losses were 22.5 and 15.0 % for the field and laboratory studies after one month. The isolated bacteria degraded the polyurethane by removal of resistant functional groups. Thus they could be used for degradation and management of polyurethane in the Nigeria environment. 1 results 1
- Roadconstruction 1 results 1
- Satchetwater 1 results 1
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