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Livelihood Outcomes of Beneficiaries of University-Based Agricultural Extension System in Southwestern Nigeria
Published 2016Subjects: “…Capital asset…”
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Household Livelihood and Coping Strategies of Nomads in Northeastern Nigeria
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Capital asset 1 results 1
- Capital assets 1 results 1
- Coping strategies 1 results 1
- Food security 1 results 1
- Livelihood activities 1 results 1
- Livelihood capabilities 1 results 1
- Nomads 1 results 1
- Northeastern Nigeria 1 results 1
- The changing climate heightens drought situations especially in Northern Nigeria and induces multiple stresses on nomads and their animals. Resulting water and pasture insufficiency impose hardship on their livelihood. Little is known about coping strategies adopted for their stressed livelihood. Therefore, household livelihood and coping strategies of nomads in Northeastern Nigeria were investigated. A four-stage sampling procedure was used to select respondents for the study. Three states (Adamawa, Taraba and Bauchi) were randomly selected from the six states in the study area. From these states, 15% of Local Government Areas (three, two, and three, respectively) were randomly selected, while five communities and 10 respondents were randomly selected from each, giving a total of 400 respondents. Interview schedule and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were used to collect data on respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, coping strategies (low: 1.00-12.20; high: 12.21-38.00)], perception of the effects of drought (unfavourable: 40.00-95.91; favourable: 95.92-118.00), challenges to livelihood and livelihood status: (low: 0.00-3.61; high: 3.62-11.65). Livelihood status was made up of access to capital assets, livelihood activities in the dry season (low: 0.00-26.16; high: 26.17-122.00) and rainy season (low: 0.00-23.90; high: 23.91- 81.00) and household capabilities (low: 5.00-25.17; high: 25.18-83.00). Capital assets include: human/social (low: 0.00-5.61; high: 5.62-47.00), natural (low: 0.00-5.59; high: 5.60-8.00), physical (low: 0.00-6.89; high: 6.90-15.00) and financial (low: 0.00-1.32; high: 1.33-6.00). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson’s product moment correlation, multiple linear regression and ANOVA at α 0.05. Most respondents were married (91.1%), below 56 years (84.0%), male (90.8%) with one wife (62.6%), children (6.0±3.99) and dependents (3.0±1.60). Majority (81.3%) had no formal education and was primarily engaged in animal husbandry (77.7%) with monthly income of N15, 000 (I.Q.R.: N37, 000). Majority (65.6%) of the respondents had low access to human/social capital, 60.7% had high access to natural capital, 59.5% had high access to physical capital and 75.2% had low access to financial capital. Many (55.8%) had low use of livelihood activities in dry season, high use (23.91-81.00) in the rainy season (59.5%) and low household capability (62.3%). Many respondents had low coping strategies (63.5%) and favourable perception of the effects of drought on their livelihood (52.1%). Most (82.6%) noticed major alterations in rainfall patterns with hunger (58.6%) and poverty (57.6%) being consequent impacts. Other challenges to livelihood included migration for drought related problems (70%), lack of rainfall (45.0%) and drying up of lakes and streams (35.9%). The FGD revealed that terrorist activities led to disruption of respondents’ social and cultural activities and loss of livelihoods as well as death of many nomadic household members. Livelihood status significantly correlated with monthly income from primary occupation (r=0.23) and number of total coping strategies used (r=0.631). Significant difference existed in respondents’ coping strategies and livelihood status across states. Respondents’ age (β=-0.29), number of sources of income (β=0.20), number of secondary occupation (β=-0.26), perception (β=0.18) and number of coping strategies used (β=0.33) contributed significantly to livelihood status. Livelihood status and use of coping strategies of nomads in Northeastern Nigeria were low. 1 results 1
- University-Based Agricultural Extension System (UBAES) was established to complement the activities of the conventional agricultural extension system. One of its objectives was to impact on the livelihoods of beneficiaries through enhanced food security, improved health status, and reduced vulnerability to poverty. Previous studies have focused more on livelihood diversification and income to the neglect of their outcomes. Therefore, livelihood outcomes of beneficiaries of UBAES in southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select respondents. The UBAESs of University of Ibadan (UI), Obafemi Awolowo University (OAU) and the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (FUNAAB) were purposively selected due to their years of existence. Proportionate and simple random sampling were used to select 70% of the active participants in each UBAESs to get 108 beneficiaries in UI, 126 in OAU and 140 in FUNAAB to give a sample size of 374 respondents. Structured interview schedule was used to collect data on respondents‟ personal characteristics, livelihood abilities (17-46 low, 47-106 high), social capital (14-26 low, 27-58 high), and physical capital (13-20 low, 21-55 high). Others are human capital (0-25 low, 26-130 high), and financial capital (12-22 low, 23-80 high), natural capital (4-21 low, 22-156 high), benefits derived from UBAES (3-12 low, 13-21 high), and livelihood activities (11-19 low, 20-57 high). The rest are food security (28-49 low, 50-80 high), perceived health status (47-66 low, 67-75 high), vulnerability to poverty (13-26 low, 27-73 high) and livelihood outcomes (73-120 low, 121-178 high). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, Pearson product moment correlation, ANOVA and linear regression at α 0.05. Respondents were mostly male (59.4%), married (73.0%), with age and household size of 43.1±15.60 years and 6.4±2.42 persons, respectively. Farming experience, record keeping, and professional group membership were 18.6±14.31, 8.6±7.31, and 14.4±2.89 years, respectively. Averagely, respondents belonged to three occupational groups and had low livelihood ability (56.1%). More respondents had high social (57.0%) and physical (51.1%) capitals, while human (58.6%), financial (56.1%) and natural (69.8%) capitals were low. Benefits of participating in UBAESs (57.0%) were high, but livelihood activities (56.7%) were low. Most respondents were food secured (65.2%), perceived health status and livelihood outcomes were high for 60.4% and 54.4%, respectively, while vulnerability to poverty was low for 61.0% of the respondents. There was a significant association between livelihood outcomes and educational attainment (χ2=0.196), and there was a significant relationship between livelihood outcomes and age (r=0.178), natural capital (r=0.146), social capital (r=0.282) and human capital (r=0.216). Respondents‟ livelihood outcomes significantly differed across UBAESs of UI (124.5±15.29), OAU (122.1±12.82) and FUNAAB (117.6±11.27). Livelihood outcomes were influenced by social capital (β=0. 185), UBAES influence (β=0. 154), human capital (β=0. 142) and physical capital (β=-0. 144). Beneficiaries of University-Based Agricultural Extension System in the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta had the lowest livelihood outcomes, while those of the University of Ibadan had the highest in southwestern Nigeria. Influences of University-Based Agricultural Extension System, social capital, physical capital and human capital are the determinants of livelihood outcomes across University-Based Agricultural Extension System 1 results 1
- Vulnerability to poverty 1 results 1
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