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Potential inhibition of major human cytochrome p450 isoenzymes by selected tropical medicinal herbs—implication for herb–drug interactions
Published 2018Subjects: “…Chronic diseases…”
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Paediatric end-stage renal disease in a tertiary hospital in South West Nigeria
Published 2014Subjects: “…Chronic kidney disease…”
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Human heredity and Health (H3) in Africa kidney disease research network: a focus on methods in Sub-Saharan Africa
Published 2015Subjects: “…Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 6 results 6
- Acute Kidney Injury 3 results 3
- Chronic kidney disease 3 results 3
- Africa 2 results 2
- Aims: It has long been considered that specific age/gender groups, such as women and children, are predisposed to nutritional vulnerability. Thus, nutritional vulnerability among agricultural households is neglected and understudied. This study aims at an empirical assessment of nutritional vulnerability dynamics among rural households in Nigeria. Study Design: Secondary data used for this study was waves 2 and 3 of the general household survey panel data. The sampling design consisted of two stages of sampling: the selection of enumeration areas based on probability proportionate to the size of the enumeration areas and the systematic random selection of ten households from each enumeration area. There were 3370 households selected in rural areas and 1630 households selected in urban areas. 2090 rural households with the required information for this study were included in the analysis. Methodology: Descriptive statistics, nutritional vulnerability score, logit regression model, Markov model, and multinomial logit regression models were used to analyse nutritional vulnerability transitions among rural households in Nigeria. Results: Nutritionally vulnerable households in rural Nigeria include those with aged heads, little or no formal education, limited assets, and no access to land or credit. Nutritional vulnerability in rural Nigeria is primarily transient, with around two-fifths of households experiencing transient nutritional vulnerability and nearly one-third experiencing chronic nutritional vulnerability. While the age of the household head, tertiary education, and access to credit all had a substantial impact on transient nutritional vulnerability, gender, tertiary education, asset value, and access to credit all had an impact on chronic nutritional vulnerability. Conclusion: Support mechanisms such as initiatives to promote access to healthy food, credit, land, and education are critical. To successfully address the issues affecting the nutrition and health of persons facing vulnerabilities, social welfare programs with interventions based on the characteristics of each vulnerable group and the predisposing factors should be adopted. 2 results 2
- COVID-19 2 results 2
- Children 2 results 2
- Chronic 2 results 2
- Chronic Kidney Disease 2 results 2
- Chronic diseases 2 results 2
- Co-morbidity 2 results 2
- Covid-19 infection predominantly affects the respiratory system; however, other systems and organs are also affected. The kidneys are among the organs commonly affected by SARS-CoV-2 and this has been reported to be a predictor of increased severity, need for intensive care (ICU), admission, and death. We presented two cases of COVID-19 that were associated with co-morbidities that include diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension and impaired kidney function. The relationship of the multiple co-morbidities particularly the impaired kidney function with the outcomes of COVID-19 infection and the challenges of offering dialysis for patients with COVID-19 infection with kidney failure were discussed. The two cases presented also highlighted the state of preparedness for the management of COVID-19 and its various complications and co-morbidities, particularly kidney failure in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria at onset of the COVID-19 outbreak. WAJM 2021; 38(3): 292–296. 2 results 2
- Nutritional vulnerability 2 results 2
- Rural 2 results 2
- Sub-Saharan Africa 2 results 2
- Transient 2 results 2
- chronic kidney disease 2 results 2
- "Background—Chronic pain is quite common in the elderly and is often associated with co morbid depression, limitation of functioning and reduced quality of life. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether there is a differential risk of depression among persons with pain in different anatomical sites and to determine which pain conditions are independent risk factors for depression. Methods—Data is from the Ibadan Study of Ageing (ISA), a community based longitudinal survey of persons aged 65 years and older from eight contiguous Yoruba Speaking states in Nigeria (n = 2152). Data was collected in face-to-face interviews; depression was assessed using the World Mental Health initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) while chronic pain was assessed by self-report (response rate = 74%). Results—Estimates of persistent pain (lasting more than 6 months), in different anatomical sites range from 1.3% to 12.8%, with the commonest being joint pains (12.8%), neck or back (spinal) pain (7.6%) and chest pain (3.0%). Significantly more pain conditions were reported by females and by respondents who were aged over 80 years. The risk for depression was higher in respondents with spinal, joint and chest pain. However, only chest pain was independently associated with depression after adjustments were made for pains at other sites and for functional disability. Conclusion—Our data suggests that, among elderly persons, there is a differential association of depression with chronic pain that is related to the anatomical site of the pain." 1 results 1
- A substantial proportion of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) develop iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Despite the association of IDA with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, it remains underdiagnosed and poorly managed. Up to 70% of patients with CKD are anaemic at the time of initiating dialysis, while the predictors of IDA in these patients in our setting are unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for IDA in patients with CKD. Materials and Methods: This is a case–control study of 157 patients with CKD and 157 age and gender matched subjects without CKD. Information obtained from the participants were socio demographic details, aetiology of CKD, medication history and features of IDA. All participants had serum ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin saturation (TSAT), highly sensitive C reactive protein, serum creatinine and complete blood count determined. Results: The median estimated glomerular rate (22.7 [3.4–59.5] vs. 110.2 [60.3–152.8] ml/min/1.73 m2 , P < 0.01), the mean haemoglobin concentration (9.3 ± 2.6 vs. 11.4 ± 1.7 g/dl, P < 0.01), and TSAT (27.9% ± 6.4% vs. 34.8% ± 8.1%, P < 0.04) were significantly lower in patients with CKD. The mean age, serum ferritin and TIBC were similar in both groups. The prevalence of absolute (24.8% vs. 13.4%, P < 0.01) and relative (17.8% vs. 7.6%, P < 0.01) iron deficiencies were higher among individuals with CKD compared to the controls. Female gender (odd ratio [OR]:1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.0267–4.1163, P < 0.04) and severity of CKD (OR: 3.43, 95% CI: 1.5568–7.8324, P < 0.02) were independently associated with IDA. Conclusion: IDA is common among individuals with CKD while female gender and severity of CKD were factors that independently predicted IDA 1 results 1
- APOL 1 1 results 1
- Abstract: Background. Chronic wounds are a drain on resources both for the patient and health institution. Management of chronic wounds based on evidence-based practice requires baseline data for adequate planning. Objectives. This study was carried out to determine the point prevalence of chronic wounds in a tertiary hospital (University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria) and utilize this information for subsequent wound care planning. Methods. The study was carried out within a 1-month period and included all patients seen in the hospital with chronic wounds. The data obtained was entered into a designed form and was subsequently analyzed. Results. There were 48 patients with 78 wounds representing approximately 11% of patients seen in the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery each month. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 80 years; the median age was 48 years. The male to female ratio was 1.6 to 1. The duration of the wounds ranged from 6 weeks to 780 weeks; the median duration of the wounds was 10 weeks. The area of the wounds ranged from 1 cm2 -1,248 cm2 (median 24 cm2). The most common chronic wounds were diabetic wounds, followed by pressure ulcers, postinfection ulcers, posttraumatic ulcers, burn wounds, malignant ulcers, and venous ulcers. Conclusion. The point prevalence data serves as a basis for wound care planning. This, in turn, should result in improved wound management grounded in evidence-based practices. 1 results 1
- African 1 results 1
- Agriculture in rural Nigeria is labour-intensive. Thus, the much-desired transition from food insecurity to food security by households requires growth in labour productivity. Labour productivity growth and its effect among other factors on food security transitions of maize farming households in rural Nigeria were assessed. Food insecurity indices were constructed using the second and third waves of data from the General Household Survey- Panel (2012 and 2015), and a probabilistic model was specified. The analytical tools used were descriptive statistics, Partial factor (labour) productivity, Foster- Greer-Thorbecke Model, Markov chain model, Tobit, and Multinomial Logit Regression Models. Labour productivity increased between the two periods although labour productivity growth was very low. Labour productivity growth negatively and significantly affected the transition into food security and being chronically food insecure. Thus, a boost for labour productivity growth should be targeted as a safety net, especially for the food insecure and households vulnerable to food insecurity. 1 results 1
- Anaemia 1 results 1
- Background: All chronic wounds habour microorganisms which may stall spontaneous healing of the wounds or impair success of wound closure. Wound biopsy for microscopy, culture and sensitivity is the preferred method of isolating microorganisms present in a wound but the procedure is resource intensive and unpleasant to patients. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the reliability of Levine swab in accurate identification of microorganisms present in a wound and identify the necessity for further studies in this regard. Methods: A semi structured questionnaire was administered and physical examination was performed on patients with chronic wounds who meet the inclusion criteria for the study. Full thickness wound biopsy and wound swab using the Levine method were taken from the wound of each patient The data generated was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. Results: There were 21 ulcers from 19 patients but only nineteen ulcers were suitable for analysis. The mean age of the patients was 42 years (range 13-69 years). There were nine males and 10 females. Most of the ulcers were posttraumatic (67%), were located on the right side of the body and the commonest site was the right leg (24%). More than half of the ulcers had at least moderate discharge. Only one species of microorganism was isolated per wound swab or wound biopsy specimen. Comparison of results from wound swabs with wound biopsy from each of the patients revealed that isolated microorganisms were similar in 60% of cases. Conclusion: Wound swab by the Levine method may be as reliable as wound biopsy specimens for microbiological studies in chronic wounds due to certain causes. Larger studies that evaluate wounds due to different causes separately will be required to validate this observation. 1 results 1
- Background: Children and adolescents with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in sub-Saharan Africa may have the worst outcomes globally. Barriers to management include late presentation, poor socioeconomic conditions, absence of medical insurance, limited diagnostic facilities and non-availability of chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT). Our study was to determine the incidence, aetiology, management and outcomes of paediatric ESRD in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Methods: A retrospective case review of paediatric ESRD at the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria, over 8 years, from January 2005 to December 2012. Results: 53 patients (56.6% male), median age 11 (inter quartile range 8.5-12) years were studied. Mean annual incidence of ESRD in Ibadan for children aged 14 years and below was 4 per million age related population (PMARP) while for those aged 5-14 years it was 6.0 PMARP. Glomerulonephritis was the cause in 41 (77.4%) patients amongst whom, 29 had chronic glomerulonephritis and 12 had nephrotic syndrome. Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract (CAKUT) accounted for 11 (21.2%) cases, posterior urethral valves being the most common. Acute haemodialysis, acute peritoneal dialysis or a combination of these were performed in 33 (62.3%), 6 (11.3%) and 4 (7.5%) patients respectively. Median survival was 47 days and in-hospital mortality was 59%. Conclusions: Incidence of paediatric ESRD in Ibadan is higher than previous reports from sub-Saharan Africa. Glomerulonephritis, and then CAKUT are the most common causes. Mortality is high, primarily due to lack of resources. Preventive nephrology and chronic RRT programmes are urgently needed. 1 results 1
- Background: Increasing use of medicinal herbs as nutritional supplements and traditional medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and malaria fever with conventional drugs poses possibilities of herb–drug interactions (HDIs). The potential of nine selected widely used tropical medicinal herbs in inhibiting human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes was investigated. Materials and methods: In vitro inhibition of eight major CYP isoenzymes by aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Gongronema latifolium, Moringa oleifera, Musa sapientum, Mangifera indica, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Alstonia boonei, Bauhinia monandra, and Picralima nitida was estimated in human liver microsomes by monitoring twelve probe metabolites of nine probe substrates with UPLC/MS- MS using validated N- in- one assay method. Results: Mangifera indica moderately inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 37.93, 57.83, 67.39, 54.83, and 107.48 μg/ml, respectively, and Alstonia boonei inhibited CYP2D6 (IC50 = 77.19 μg/ml). Picralima nitida inhibited CYP3A4 (IC50 = 45.58 μg/ml) and CYP2C19 (IC50 = 73.06 μg/ml) moderately but strongly inhibited CYP2D6 (IC50 = 1.19 μg/ml). Other aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium, Bauhinia monandra, and Moringa oleifera showed weak inhibitory activities against CYP1A2. Musa sapientum, Allium sativum, and Tetracarpidium conophorum did not inhibit the CYP isoenzymes investigated. Conclusion: Potential for clinically important CYP- metabolism- mediated HDIs is possible for Alstonia boonei, Mangifera indica, and Picralima nitida with drugs metabolized by CYP 2C8, 2B6, 2D6, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. Inhibition of CYP2D6 by Picralima nitida is of particular concern and needs immediate in vivo investigations. 1 results 1
- Background: Increasing use of medicinal herbs as nutritional supplements and traditional medicines for the treatment of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and malaria fever with conventional drugs poses possibilities of herb–drug interactions (HDIs). The potential of nine selected widely used tropical medicinal herbs in inhibiting human cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes was investigated. Materials and methods: In vitro inhibition of eight major CYP isoenzymes by aqueous extracts of Allium sativum, Gongronema latifolium, Moringa oleifera, Musa sapientum, Mangifera indica, Tetracarpidium conophorum, Alstonia boonei, Bauhinia monandra, and Picralima nitida was estimated in human liver microsomes by monitoring twelve probe metabolites of nine probe substrates with UPLC/MS-MS using validated N-in- One assay method. Results: Mangifera indica moderately inhibited CYP2C8, CYP2B6, CYP2D6, CYP1A2, and CYP2C9 with IC50 values of 37.93, 57.83, 67.39, 54.83, and 107.48 μg/ml, respectively, and Alstonia boonei inhibited CYP2D6 (IC50 = 77.19 μg/ml). Picralima nitida inhibited CYP3A4 (IC50 = 45.58 μg/ml) and CYP2C19 (IC50 = 73.06 μg/ml) moderately but strongly inhibited CYP2D6 (IC50 = 1.19 μg/ml). Other aqueous extracts of Gongronema latifolium, Bauhinia monandra, and Moringa oleifera showed weak inhibitory activities against CYP1A2. Musa sapientum, Allium sativum, and Tetracarpidium conophorum did not inhibit the CYP isoenzymes investigated. Conclusion: Potential for clinically important CYP-metabolism- Mediated HDIs is possible for Alstonia boonei, Mangifera indica, and Picralima nitida with drugs metabolized by CYP 2C8, 2B6, 2D6, 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, and 3A4. Inhibition of CYP2D6 by Picralima nitida is of particular concern and needs immediate in vivo investigations. 1 results 1
- Background: It is crucial to assess genomic literacy related to stroke among Africans in preparation for the ethical, legal and societal implications of the genetic revolution which has begun in Africa. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of West Africans about stroke genetic studies. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke patients and stroke-free controls recruited across 15 sites in Ghana and Nigeria. Participants’ knowledge of heritability of stroke, willingness to undergo genetic testing and perception of the potential benefits of stroke genetic research were assessed using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, frequency distribution and multiple regression analyses were performed. Results: Only 49% of 2029 stroke patients and 57% of 2603 stroke-free individuals knew that stroke was a heritable disorder. Among those who knew, 90% were willing to undergo genetic testing. Knowledge of stroke heritability was associated with having at least post-secondary education (OR 1.51, 1.25–1.81) and a family history of stroke (OR 1.20, 1.03–1.39) while Islamic religion (OR¼0.82, CI: 0.72–0.94), being currently unmarried (OR ¼ 0.81, CI: 0.70–0.92), and alcohol use (OR ¼ 0.78, CI: 0.67–0.91) were associated with lower odds of awareness of stroke as a heritable disorder. Willingness to undergo genetic testing for stroke was associated with having a family history of stroke (OR 1.34, 1.03– 1.74) but inversely associated with a medical history of high blood pressure (OR ¼ 0.79, 0.65–0.96). Conclusion: To further improve knowledge of stroke heritability and willingness to embrace genetic testing for stroke, individuals with less formal education, history of high blood pressure and no family history of stroke require targeted interventions 1 results 1
- Background: There is a paucity of data on the clinicopathologic pattern of kidney disease in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) seropositive children from sub-Saharan Africa and non from South West Nigeria. Objective: To determine the clinical pattern and outcome of kidney disease among HIV positive children hospitalised at a tertiary hospital South West Nigeria Methodology: A retrospective study of all HIV positive children who were hospitalised and managed for kidney diseases over a period of 78 months at the University College Hospital Ibadan, South West Nigeria was reviewed. Patients were followed up over the duration of hospital admission. Results: Ten children (six males and four females) aged 4 -15(10.4±3.2) years were identified. Four presented in acute kidney injury, (AKI) three with nephrotic syndrome (NS) and two in chronic kidney failure (CKF). One patient had left renal artery stenosis. Renal biopsy performed in three children showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in two patients and membranous nephropathy in the third. Management included antiretroviral therapy, Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and acute haemodialysis. Mortality was 40%. Conclusion: AKI, NS and CKF were the predominant clinical patterns of kidney disease in hospitalised HIV positive children and the mortality is high 1 results 1
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