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Escapist Discourse Strategies in the Linguistic and Nonlinguistic Expressions of Sex and Sexuality in Nigerian Hip-Hop Lyrics and Videos
Published 2016Subjects: “…Escapist Discourse Strategies…”
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Millennium development goals: impact of sustainability discourses, conflict and inter-governmental actions on the built environment
Published 2015Subjects: “…Sustainability discourses…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Discourse strategies 3 results 3
- Calixthe Beyala 2 results 2
- Feminist discourse 2 results 2
- Juvenile mental disorders 2 results 2
- Oppression 2 results 2
- Postcolonial Africa 2 results 2
- Pragmatic functions 2 results 2
- 'JUNE 12' CRISIS 1 results 1
- Academic Achievement 1 results 1
- Academic Self-efficacy 1 results 1
- Alms begging 1 results 1
- Although the level of awareness of HIV has significantly improved over the past decade following the coordinated activities of the National Agency for the Control of AIDS (NACA), Nigeria still remains one of the most burdened countries in the world with about 3 million people living with HIV. Increasing enlightenment campaigns on HIV and AIDS have not been able to achieve remarkable behaviour change as a result of the non-use of appropriate nomenclatures. Given the low literacy rate of Nigerians in English (about 61% based on UNESCO Institute for Statistics), communication strategies can only be effective when indigenous Nigerian languages have standardised and appropriate nomenclatures for HIV and AIDS. This study argues that the use of appropriate terms in the local languages in referring to H IV and AIDS is capable of reducing the stigmatisation and discrimination of people living with HIV and AIDS, and con sequently reduce the spread of HIV through behaviour change. Accordingly, the study embarks on the lexical modernisation of H IV and AIDS nomenclatures in Nigeria’s three major languages (i.e. Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba) in line with current developments around the world in the management of the two health conditions. 1 results 1
- As part of the Millennium Cities initiative, organized by Earth Institute of Columbia University USA, Akure, Nigeria was selected as one of the cities in Sub-Saharan Africa to be assisted in achieving the millennium development goals (MDGs). Other cities selected in Sub-Saharan Africa include Kisumu. (Kenya); Blantvre. (Malawi); Kumasi, (Ghana); Bamako. (Mali); Sezou, (Mali); Kaduna, (Nigeria) and Mekelle. (Ethiopia). It is necessary to point out that this initiative focuses more on inter-governmental actions than tackling the source of the developmental problem of the cities involved in the initiative. Using a mixed methodological approach, which included participant observation and structured interviews by means of convenience and snowball sampling methods administered in the study area. According to the aim of the project it is to promote investment from overseas (capitalist) companies, create employment and help in the domestic affairs of the cities involved. This paper examine the impact of the MDGs on the built environment and critique these ‘lofty ideas' which has failed to address the local, regional and cultural specificity of the location; and which has not been productive in Sub-Saharan Africa. The paper concludes that the desire for an integrated city cannot be 1 results 1
- Blogging, as a social medium, serves as a platform for individuals and organisations to produce rhetorical discourses that deserve scholarly attention. This rhetorical outlook of blogging features significantly in Middle East conflicts, as instanced in the Mideast blogs that cast their focus on the Israeli-Hezbollah war of 2006. Existing studies on blogging as a social practice seem to concentrate mainly on its social roles without paying much attention to its rhetorical outlook. This study explored the ideological nature of rhetoric in blog posts in order to establish how a comprehension of such rhetoric helps to create a better understanding of the role of blogging in the social process, especially in the context of conflict. A combination of socio-linguistic, semiotic and discourse analytic approaches, as expounded by M.A.K. Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistic theory, Teun van Dijk’s Triangulated Approach to discourse and Charles Sander Pierce’s semiotic theory, was adapted as the theoretical framework for the study. Ten Mideast weblogs, characterised by personal, collaborative and corporate blogs, which address the 2006 Israeli-Hezbollah conflict, and seven hundred and fifty posts, with two hundred and fifty readers’ comments, evenly distributed between the blog types, were purposively selected. The data, which are in three modes of signification -language, pictures and cartoons - were content-analysed. Bloggers employed three discourse structures - surface, schematic and dialogic – to pursue Zionist, anti-Semitic and Arab nationalistic ideologies in the posts. These three structures were arranged in a manner that got the blog readers into believing that they had made appropriate choices of response to the postings read, whereas their behaviours and opinions had been controlled through rhetorical strategies such as overstatement, understatement, metonymy, euphemism, mitigation and repetition, which all have a closer relation to underlying ideologies and belief systems of the bloggers. The surface structure contained nationalistic ideologies that were not overtly expressed but located in the linguistic and non-linguistic expressions that characterised the surface structure. The schematic structure defined the canonical order of the discourse through which topics were organised by conventional schemata such that subordinate topics were upgraded by assigning more prominence to them as headlines. The dialogic structure engaged the blog readers in imagined conversation, in which they were assigned passive role as mere commentators, whereas readers’ support was required for the credibility of the published news stories. The pattern of rhetoric in the posts was such that blog readers were made to tilt their views in support of the opinions expressed by the significations in the posts through the discourse strategies, a situation that made most comments in the posts align more with the viewpoints expressed by the bloggers. The nature of rhetoric in the Mideast posts indicates that bloggers conceal their opinions in various significations in an attempt to create strong persuasion for ideological support. The study has therefore provided the ground for establishing the Mideast blog posts as a site for readers’ manipulation in political communication, which is realised through rhetorical strategies embedded in the discourse. 1 results 1
- Blogging|| conflict 1 results 1
- Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novels 1 results 1
- City liveability 1 results 1
- Communicative functions 1 results 1
- Contextual beliefs 1 results 1
- Counter-Hegemony Discourse 1 results 1
- Critics of Calixthe Beyala's feminist discourse have located her narratives within the walls of radicals feminism. For instance, her feminist language is often labelled with linguistics violence. Beyala's outcry against oppression is voiced through adolescent girls who she refers to as femme-fillette and whose gloomy world is characterised by parental violence. The social and psychological degradation of the children Beyala presents in her novels are instances of immeasurable misery impregnated with aggression of adults towards children. Through these same children, Beyala impugns various forms of disintegration eating into postcolonial Africa. Introducing a psychological paradigm into the readings and interpretations of Beyala's radical feminist works using Freudian psychoanalytic approach to literary criticism and Nietsche's theory of resentment clearly shows that Beyala is a feminist author whose anger is directed towards male hegemony, and it forms the avenue through which she aptly portrays that young girls living under oppression decline into psychological wrecks. 1 results 1
- Critics of Calixthe Beyala’s feminist discourse have located her narratives within the walls of radical feminism. For instance, her feminist language is often labelled with linguistic violence. Beyala’s outcry against oppression is Voiced through adolescent girls who she refers to as femme-fillette and whose gloomy world is characterised by parental violence. The social and psychological degradation of the children Beyala presents in her novels are instances of immeasurable misery impregnated with aggression of adults towards children. Through these same children, Beyala impugns various forms of disintegration eating into postcolonial Africa. Introducing a psychological paradigm into the readings and interpretations of Beyala’s radical feminist works using Freudian psychoanalytic approach to literary criticism and Nietsche’s theory of resentment clearly shows that Beyala is a feminist author whose anger is directed towards male hegemony, and it forms the avenue through which she aptly portrays that young girls living under oppression decline into psychological wrecks. 1 results 1
- Cultural Restrictions 1 results 1
- DEMOCRACY 1 results 1
- DISCOURSE 1 results 1
- Discourse analysis 1 results 1
- Discourse conditioning acts 1 results 1
- Discourse devices 1 results 1
- Discourse devices are the linguistic tools employed to address inherent problems in conversation for health purposes. Doctor-patient verbal interactions face major problems in clinical discourse due to differences in linguistic, sociolinguistic, cultural backgrounds as well as professional and communicative styles of doctors and patients. Pragmatic and sociolinguistic studies on doctor-patient verbal interactions have observed relevant socio-psychological and contextual factors, but with little attention on the deployment of discourse devices aimed at solving specific communication problems in this setting. This study, therefore, explored language use in doctor-patient interactions with a view to discovering specific discourse devices deployed to enhance diagnostic communication at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital (UITH), Ilorin. The study adopted a synthesis of Brown and Levinson‟s politeness and M.A.K Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Linguistics as framework. One hundred tape recordings of doctor-out-patient interactions were made at UCH, Ibadan and UITH, Ilorin in 2013. The two hospitals were selected because they are the leading hospitals in the study locations (South-West and North-Central geo-political zones of Nigeria). Fifty of them were purposively sampled based on their strategic content (twenty-five from each hospital). The texts were transcribed, the discourse devices there-in were identified and the data were subjected to discourse analysis. Twelve discourse devices were dominant in the data. Doctors employed phatic communion for opening consultations; direct questions and indirect questions for diagnosis; face-threatening acts for presenting diagnosis politely; language switch for explicitness, informativity and mutuality; rapport expressions, for cordiality, solidarity and open communication; and religious belief for encouragement and solidarity. Counselling was employed to guide the patients on how best to handle their health. The patients employed answering for response to queries; closing of conversations for terminating consultations; repetition for emphasis; and circumlocution for communicating medical information. Interrogatives were employed for eliciting information (“Why did you come this morning?”). Declaratives were employed for providing information (“I have a problem with my teeth”). Language switch, realised by alternate use of English and Yoruba, was employed for clarity (“E ti wa tele ni Monday”), meaning: „You came here on Monday‟. Rapport expressions, realised by social questions, were deployed for cordiality (“What names do your friends call you?”). „Sorry‟ is a culture-bound expression used for empathy and sympathy. Imperatives were employed for giving directives (“Buy these drugs”). Some of the observable problems exhibited the possibility of doctors upsetting patients who engaged in injurious health practices. There are insignificant differences in the frequency of occurrence of the discourse devices employed at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. For instance, UCH doctors employed rapport expressions 101 times (7.2%), while those of UITH employed them 92 times (6.63%). Discourse devices were deployed for addressing specific communication and health problems during diagnosis at the University College Hospital, Ibadan and University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin. Awareness of these, therefore, is important for a better understanding of diagnostic discourse in doctor-patient verbal interactions in the Nigerian context. 1 results 1
- Discourse forms 1 results 1
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