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Comparison of the dietary intake of the urban black population in Cape Town in 1990 with 2009 by Jaffer, Nasreen
Published 2017Subjects: “…Non-insulin-dependent diabetes -- Risk factors -- Cape Town (South Africa)…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Diabetes 12 results 12
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- Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease for which life-long medications and care are needed. Effectiveness of care is related to good glycemic control, which is desired to forestall complications. Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) services provided by pharmacists in improving clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients. Method: Five databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English using free text and medical subject headings keywords. Studies which had PC intervention arm, a control group, type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; clinical and/or humanistic outcomes were included. For metaanalysis, standard mean difference evaluated with random effect model at P<0.05 was reported. Significant heterogeneity was further evaluated with sensitivity and subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 41 RCTs with 7,448 patients were eligible out of 1222 citations. PC intervention significantly lowered glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05), with significant heterogeneity. PC intervention also improved self-care but medication adherence, disease knowledge and quality of life were not improved. PC services offered (patient education, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and pharmacotherapy evaluation) were not uniform across the studies. Conclusion: The review and meta-analysis showed that PC intervention is of great benefit to improve most clinical outcomes which may result in better disease management. A call is however made for standardized pharmaceutical care intervention. 2 results 2
- Background: Inhabitants of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa use the roots of Dianthus thunbergii and corms of Hypoxis argentea to treat diabetes mellitus and other ailments. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activities of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of the roots and corms of two plants. Materials and Methods: Total phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols, proanthocyanidins, tannins, and alkaloids were determined by standard methods. The scavenging activities of the extracts against 1,1 diphenyl 2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2’ azino bis (3 ethylbenthiazoline 6 sulfonic acid (ABTS), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ), and their ferric reducing antioxidant potentials (FRAPs) were measured. Results: The ethanol extract of H. argentea had the highest content of phenolics (66.71 ± 2.71 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and tannins (1.18 ± 0.07 mg TAE/g), while the ethanol extract of D. thunbergii gave higher contents of flavonoids and proanthocyanidins (62.21 ± 1.75 mg Qe/g and 432.62 ± 2.43 mg Ca/g, respectively). Flavonols were the most predominant in the aqueous extract of H. argentea (25.51 ± 1.92 mg Qe/g). We observed a concentration dependent response in the ABTS and H2 O2 scavenging activities and FRAP values of the extracts and standards (Vitamin C, butylated hydroxytoluene, and rutin). The ethanol extracts of both plants generally demonstrated better antioxidant activities against H2O2 , NO, and ABTS while also possessing better reducing power than the aqueous extracts. The aqueous extract of D. thunbergii, however, showed the best DPPH scavenging activity. Conclusion: The higher content of phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity obtained for the ethanol extracts of D. thunbergii and H. argentea may prove to be valuable information in selecting suitable extraction solvents for the medicinal applications of both plants. 2 results 2
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