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EVALUATION OF BIOGAS YIELD AND MICROBIAL SPECIES FROM MULTI-BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
Published 2014-12Subjects: “…Anaerobic digestion…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Digestibility 10 results 10
- Clarias gariepinus 3 results 3
- Growth 3 results 3
- Crude protein digestibility 2 results 2
- Growth performance 2 results 2
- Performance 2 results 2
- Soybean meal 2 results 2
- Terminalia catappa 2 results 2
- A feeding trial using sixteen (16) male West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep with an initial live weight of 14.41±2.54kg was conducted to determine the effect of processed neem fruit and yeast supplementation on their performance characteristics and nutrient digestibility. The rams were assigned to four dietary treatments of four rams per treatment consisting of control (T1), yeast alone at 5 g/d (T2), neem fruit alone at 5 g/d (T3) and yeast plus neem fruit at 5 g/d (T4). The dry matter (%) contents were 93.03, 93.04, 93.71 and 93.71 while the crude protein were 8.75%, 8.75%, 10.29% and 10.29% for diets 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Feed at 5% body weight and water were offered in one radon a day. Daily feed intake and body weight changes were determined and feed efficiency calculated. On the 56th day, three rams per treatment were selected for metabolic study. Nutrients digestibility were calculated and computed while nitrogen retention study was determined. Results indicated that yeast and neem fruit supplementation generally improved intake and average daily weight gain in WAD sheep, Aho, DM (56.71, 57.19 and 69.16%) and ME (7.63, 7.47 and 8.05MJ/kgDM) digestibility for diets 2, 3 and 4 differed significantly (P<0.05) from diet 1 (DM 49.74% and M.E 5.55MJ/kgDM). Also, CP digestibility for diet 4 (82.73%) differed significantly (P<0.05) from diets 1, 2 and 3 (72.79, 76.79 and 76.33%) respectively. The DM intake (g/day) across the treatments differed significantly (P<0.05) with the best obtained from animals fed diet 4 (898.32g/d) and the least from animals fed diet 1 (636.06g/d). The best nitrogen retention was obtained from animals fed diet 4 and diet 1 gave the least Addition of yeast and processed neem fruit (T4) promoted average daily weight gain and performance was comparatively better than those on other diets. 1 results 1
- Acceptability 1 results 1
- Ad-libitum 1 results 1
- Ammonium sulphate 1 results 1
- Ammonium sulphate (NH(4)2SO(4) is potential source of readily available nitrogen and sulphur which would fill the gap in feed availability to ruminants during the extended annual dry season. Hence, the use of ammonium sulphate becomes a viable alternative to growth-promoting antibiotics due to their effectiveness on ruminant productivity. Therefore, the effect of various inclusion levels of ammonium sulphate on the performance of West African Dwarf (WAD) rams was examined. Sixteen rams weighing 12.8±0.1-2 kg were assigned to four experimental diets containing 0.00, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75% levels of ammonium sulphate designated as Tl, T2, T3 and T4 respectively. In a completely randomized design, each rams were fed at 5% of their body weight at 60:40 levels of experimental diet and wilted guinea grass as basal diet. The growth trial lasted for 105 days. The chemical composition of the experimental feed and faecal samples were analyzed, and data on total voluntary feed intake, feed conversion ratio, weight gain, nitrogen utilization, and apparent digestibility were also collected. The parameters on proximate composition of the feed were significantly affected by the inclusion of (NH(4)2SO(4) except for DM, GE, Calcium (Ca) and Phosphorus (P). The values for the parameters increased with increased inclusion of (NH(4)2SO(4). The dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) obtained ranged from 94.15 - 94.69% and 11.00 - 13.40% respectively while the levels of sulphur was between 4.13 - 4.85%. Live weight gain increased with increased inclusion of (NH(4)2SO(4) and ranged from 3.50 - 5.00 kg but did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from each other. The total voluntary feed intake (TVFI) obtained in this study ranged between 59.79 - 62.64 kg and feed conversion ratio (FCR) from 11.96 - 17.90. However, TVFI and FCR decreased with increasing levels of (NH(4)2SO(4) in the diet. Also, acid detergent lignin digestibility was significantly (P<0.05) affected by inclusion levels of ((NH(4)2SO(4) in the treatments. Nitrogen in feed (3.39g/day), faecal nitrogen output (2.62g/day), urinary nitrogen output (0.21g/day) and nitrogen retention (0.56g/day) were insignificantly (P>0.05) difference except percentage nitrogen retained (16.52g/day) which is significantly different (P<0.05) from each other. It is evident that rams on 0.75% ammonium sulphate supplementation had better growth performance, improved nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism, hence substantiating its utilization in ram diet. 1 results 1
- An experiment was conducted to assess the performance, welfare and digestibility of broilers fed varying forms of feeding regimes. The objective of this work research was investigate the possibility of improving growth performances, digestibility and welfare of broilers using ad libitum, split and restricted feeding. Formulated diet was given in four different forms Ad-libitum (Treatment 1) twice a day meal/split feeding (Treatment 2) thrice a day feeding (Treatment 3) 3 hours restriction feeding (Treatment 4). Experimental design was completely randomized design. 240 broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments with 6 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were weighed weekly to evaluate their performances, faeces was collected on day 42, to determine digestibility and rectal temperature was taken as a measure of bird's wellbeing. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p≥ 0.05) in performance of birds across treatments but values from birds fed Ad-libitum were higher. Rectal temperature (RT) differ at week 4, birds fed 3 hours restricted feeding had the highest RT (41.62°C) while the least RT were from birds fed Ad-libitum (41.20°C). Significant differences were obtained in digestibility and nutrient utilization of broilers with respect to feeding regimes. Crude protein (CP) digestibility was significantly higher in birds fed 3 hours restriction (81.91%) while birds fed Ad-libitum had the least (46.76%). The digestibility of crude fibre was higher in birds fed 3 hours restricted feeding regime (86.77%) the least was from birds fed thrice a day feeding regime (62.66%). A similar trend was obtained for digestibility of gross energy. Ad-libitum feeding had the highest non-significant performance values but split feeding optimized feed and nutrient utilization thereby enhancing performance and minimizing nutrient waste at the same time. 1 results 1
- Anaerobic digestion 1 results 1
- Apparent Ileal digestibility 1 results 1
- Biogas yield 1 results 1
- Blood profiles 1 results 1
- Brewer’s dried grains 1 results 1
- Brewer’s grains 1 results 1
- Broiler 1 results 1
- Broiler chicken performance 1 results 1
- Broiler chickens 1 results 1
- Broiler litter 1 results 1
- Conventional dietary plant protein sources for broilers are expensive thereby increasing cost of production. Cheaper but equally nutritive sources of plant protein are currently being explored. Thevetia Seed (TS), though rich in protein has limited use due to intrinsic antinutritional factors, which if detoxified could be harnessed. Information on detoxification and the use of TS in broiler production is scanty. Detoxification of TS and its utilisation in broiler feed production were therefore investigated. One hundred grams of TS was soaked in water, ethanol (24 hours) or in 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% brine solution for 2, 3 or 4 hours. The samples were either sun-dried for 3 days or toasted after soaking and thereafter analysed for chemical and residual glycoside composition. Treatment with the lowest residual glycoside was incorporated as TS Meal (TSM) to be a substitute for soyabean meal in broiler starter and finisher diets at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Two hundred 1- day old broilers were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with four replicates of ten birds each. They were fed starter diets from day1-28 and finisher from day 29- 56. At weeks 4 and 7, blood samples from two birds per replicate were collected for serum biochemical and haematological analyses. In the last seven days of the experiment, 0.5% titanium dioxide indigestible marker was added to the diets to determine Apparent Ileal Digestibility (AID). Two birds per replicate were slaughtered for digesta collection and carcass characteristics. Other indices measured were Feed Intake (FI) and Weight Gain (WG). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p= 0.05. Toasting significantly reduced crude protein in water and ethanol treated samples from19.35 in raw sample to 18.14 and 18.43%, respectively. Crude protein increased significantly in sun-dried water (22.1%) and brine treated (23.1%) samples. The TS soaked in 7.5% brine for 3 hours significantly increased crude protein from 23.1% to 44.87% and reduced glycoside content from 4.7% to 0.07% (98.51% reduction of glycoside). Variations in haematological and serum biochemical indices were not significantly different in values for birds on all treatments except in the levels of albumin, calcium, glucose and potassium ions at the finisher phase. The FI (105.8 ±0.7 g/bird) and WG (25.7 ±0.4 g/bird) at the starter phase were significantly reduced to 92.5 ± 0.9 g/bird and 21.2 ±0.4 g/bird for birds on 100% TSM (p < 0.05). Similar trend was observed for FI at the finisher phase which reduced from 176.4±5.7 to 118.6 ±1.1 g/bird. Birds on 50% TSM recorded highest values for live weight 1824.7 ±0.9 g/bird, dressed weight 1220.2 ±0.3 g/bird, breast 304.1 ±0.9 g, thigh 216.8 ± 0.6 g and AID coefficient of crude protein (0.79). Detoxification with 7.5% brine for three hours best improved the nutritive value of Thevetia seed. Thevetia seed meal was well utilised and an enhanced apparent Ileal digestibility was achieved. Thevetia seed meal replaced up to 50% soyabean meal 1 results 1
- Conventional protein ingredients are expensive, thus necessitating the use of alternative sources of the nutrient. Feather Meal (FM) is high in Crude Protein (CP) but poorly digested by monogastric animals due to the presence of keratin. Poultry requires exogenous enzymes to break it down to its constituent amino acids. Information on digestibility of CP of FM in broilers is scanty. Therefore, ileal CP digestibility of FM supplemented with protease in broiler chickens was investigated.Broiler feathers were hydrolysed to obtain FM using standard procedures. The feathers and FM were analysed for their respective chemical compositions. One hundred and forty-four 2-week old broilers weighing 223.0±11.1g were randomly allotted to four diets containing 0, 2, 4 and 6% FM and TiO2 at 5 g/kg diet as marker for two weeks. Body Weight Gain (BWG, g/bird), Feed Intake (FI, g/bird) and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) were assessed. Digesta was collected from all birds to determine Apparent CP Digestibility (ACPD). Another 336 twenty-one-day old broilers were randomly assigned to eight diets containing 0, 2, 4 and 6% FM with 0 or 5 g protease/kg diet and TiO2 in a 2x4 factorial arrangement. At day 28, digesta was collected from all birds for Digestible CP (DCP) determination in FM using standard procedures. In a growth study, 360 1-day old broilers were randomly allotted to twelve diets containing 0 or 2% FM at three CP levels (15.5, 17.5 and 23%) based on recommended matrix value of protease and two protease levels (0 and 5 g/kg). They were fed for 42 days in a 2x2x3 factorial arrangement. The BWG, FI, FCR, carcass measures and organ weights were determined. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05.Percentage chemical composition were 88.6 CP, 5.0 ether extract, 0.3 ash, 0.03 calcium, 0.04 phosphorus and 4.4 Kcal/g Gross Energy (GE) for the broiler feathers and 83.8 CP, 10.3 ether extract, 0.6 ash, 0.02 calcium, 0.03 phosphorus and 4.3 Kcal/g GE for FM. The ACPD (%) were 42.0±2.1, 52.0±1.9, 58.0±2.4 and 63.0±2.8; FI obtained were 358.3±9.8, 323.6±15.6, 283.9±13.1 and 307.8±1.2; BWG were 218.9±24.9, 194.6±19.0, 145.7±15.6 and 152.8±16.8 and FCR were 1.6±0.3, 1.7±0.2, 2.0±0.3 and 2.0±0.2. With protease supplementation, ACPD (%) were 58.8±2.0, 64.1±2.0, 75.8±1.5 and 85.3±2.3 for birds on diets 0, 2, 4 and 6% FM respectively. The DCP in FM was 65.9%±1.4 and 76.1%±2.3 without and with protease respectively. The functional relationship between DCP and CP intake from FM without protease supplementation was highly significant (R2=0.98). The FM inclusion significantly decreased FI from 63.4±2.1 to 55.2±0.7 and BWG from 243.7±7.5 to 197.3±6.6 but increased FCR from 2.7±0.1 to 2.9±0.1 at 0-21days. At 22-42 days FI decreased from 1647.5±25.3 to 1302.9±23.2, BWG from 605.4±15.0 to 579.1±18.7 and FCR from 2.8±0.0 to 2.3±1.0. Protease supplementation improved live weight, percent dressed weight and significantly increased the breast meat by 2.1, 1.9 and 4.1% at 42 days.Feather meal inclusion levels above 2% and its ileal digestibility required protease supplementation for improved broiler performance 1 results 1
- Corncob (CC) and cowpea husk (CH) are by – products of maize and cowpea production respectively. They can be used as alternative feed resources for ruminants especially during the dry season. A 70d study was conducted to determine the effects of CC and CH based diets on performance of WAD rams. Sixteen ewes were allotted to four feeding regimes: A (100% CC), B (66.7% CC + 33.3%CH), C (33.3% CC + 66.7% CH) and D (100% CH). The sheep were randomly allotted to four diets with four animals per treatment. Digestibility was conducted using metabolic cages which allowed for separate collection of faeces and urine. Samples were analyzed for crude protein and fibre fractions: {acid detergent fibre (ADF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL)} using standard procedures. Dry matter intake (DMI), live weight changes (LWG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and nutrient digestibility were the parameters assessed. DMI ranged from 22.04 kg to 41.07 kg with significant (P < 0.05) differences and LWG ranged from 4.14 gd-1 to 41.71 gd-1 across the diets. Also, FCR ranged from 14.06 in diet C to 45.68 in diet A with significant (P < 0.05) differences across the diets. CP digestibility was highest in diet D (88.01%) and lowest in diet A (72.06%) while ADF, NDF and ADL were highest in diet C and lowest in diet B. However, nutrients digestibility increased with increasing level of cowpea husk in the diets. The result show that highest weight gain and efficient utilization was achieved at 66.7% CH and 33.3% CC inclusion levels. 1 results 1
- Coturnix japonica 1 results 1
- Cowpea Husk 1 results 1
- Crop residue 1 results 1
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