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Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in shrunken-2 super-sweet corn (zea mays L. saccharata) populations
Published 2019-04Subjects: “…Genotypic coefficient of variation…”
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Evaluation of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes for drought tolerance using morpho-physiological traits under drought- stressed and well-watered conditions
Published 2023-05Subjects: “…Genotypes…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Genotypes 5 results 5
- Polymorphism 4 results 4
- Genotype 3 results 3
- Nigeria 3 results 3
- Allele and genotype 2 results 2
- Efiks and Ibibios 2 results 2
- Hypertension 2 results 2
- Hypertension is a public health challenge due to its high prevalence, and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is a complex disease resulting from an interaction of genes and environmental factors. Inconsistent association between polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin aldosterone, the atrial natriuretic peptide systems and hypertension has been reported among various ethnic groups, but not for the Efiks and Ibibios in south-south Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the frequency of gene polymorphisms of these two systems and their association with hypertension in Calabar and Uyo, Nigeria. A population-based case control design was used. A total of 1224 participants, 612 each of patients and controls were randomly recruited from hypertension clinics and the general population. Genotyping of the M235T allele of the angiotensinogen, Insertion/Deletion allele (I/D) of the angiotensinogen converting enzyme, A1166C allele of the angiotensin II type I receptor and C664G allele of the atrial natriuretic peptide genes to identify variants was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. The Hardy-Weinberg equation was used to calculate the allele and genotype frequencies. Plasma angiotensinogen levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Hypertensinogenic factors such as age, familial history, physical exercise and drinking were assessed using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, multiple regression analysis and odds ratio were used to analyze the data. The frequency of the genotypes M235M, M235T, T235T of the M235T allele for the Efiks were 0.4, 7.7, 92 % in patients and 0, 6, 94 % in controls; for the Ibibios were 0.5, 1.2, 87 % in patients and 0, 7, 93 % in controls. The I/D genotypes II, ID, DD frequencies for the Efiks were 11, 44, 46 % in patients and 16, 45, 39 % in controls; for the Ibibios were 11, 40, 49 % in patients and 13, 49, 38 % in controls. The frequency of the A1166C carriers was 1 % while 99 % of the study population had the wild type A1166A genotype for the A1166C allele. Only the CC genotype was observed for the C664G allele. These frequencies did not conform to the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions. There were no significant differences between the genotype frequencies of patients and controls. Plasma angiotensinogen values were significantly higher in the patients with M235T allele than in the controls. Age was a positive predictor for systolic blood pressure (SBP, r = 0.60) in patients and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, r = 0.56) in controls. Other hypertensinogenic variables were not predictors for SBP and DBP in the population (p < 0.05). The Insertion/Deletion allele was a risk factor for hypertension, (O.R = 1.15). A high frequency was observed for the M235T allele and the Insertion/Deletion allele, which was associated with an increased risk for hypertension. The lack of association between the alleles of the M235T, A1166C and the C664G and hypertension suggests that other loci or environmental factors are involved in the disease outcome. 2 results 2
- "Isolates of hepatitis B viruses were collected from 20 acute and chronic hepatitis patients in a highly endemic region of Nigeria. Sequencing classified the isolates to the ayw4, as they all contained the amino acid variations characteristic for that serotype. In the pre-S2 region of five isolates, three to seven amino acids were deleted, suggesting that immune escape mutations previously associated only with chronic HBV infection may be observed also in acute disease. Phylogenetic analysis of the complete pre-S2/S (large S) genes (831 nt) demonstrated that all the viruses belonged to the same genotype E. So far, no isolates of genotvpe E have been found in any other region of the world, including the Americas. This may suggest a relatively recent introduction of this genotype into humans and would explain the relatively low genetic diversity of viruses belonging to this genotype. One genotype E virus had been found previously in a chimpanzee, and viruses betonging to the CHIMP genotype are related to other genotype E viruses. These findings are compatible with a transmission of genotype E viruses from chimpanzees to humans. " 1 results 1
- "d' determinant; 1 results 1
- 16S rRNA sequence 1 results 1
- Aberrant CpG methylation 1 results 1
- Absorbent 1 results 1
- Accession X environment interaction 1 results 1
- African yam bean 1 results 1
- Appearance quality 1 results 1
- Background The freshwater prawn Macrobrachium vollenhovenii is one of the largest Macrobrachium species, a biological agent against human schistosomiasis, and a cheap protein source in riverine communities in West Africa. However, its aquaculture development for sustainable utilization is challenged by cryptic identity amidst the pres- ence of morphotypes of unknown size and genetic relatedness. This study aimed to investigate the maximum sizes and evolutionary links of chelae morphotypes in M. vollenhovenii for precise identification and utilization in a 3x2 randomized block experimental design. Ninety biggest encountered samples of M. vollenhovenii chelae morpho- types-those possessing equal left and right side chelae, longer left chelae, and shorter left chelae—were obtained from fisherfolks' catches at each of Asejire Lake and Ogun River during peak seasons (July-September) bimonthly field survey, representing EAAL, LLAL, SLAL-GAALS, and EAOR, LLOR, SLOR-GAORS. These were analyzed for differences (p<0.05) in size-linked parameters-length (L (cm)), weight (W (g)), and condition factor (K). Specimens' 16S rRNA nucleotide sequences were utilized to infer phylogenetic linkages, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and amino acid translations alongside NCBI references (NCBIrefseq). Results Weight (W) and condition factor (K), among GAALs, for SLAL and LLAL were similar; EAAL was signifi- cantly lowest; among GAORS, SLOR and LLOR were similar; and EAOR was significantly lowest. In GAALS, EAAL, LLAL, and SLAL had higher L, W, and K than counterpart GAORS. Sequences formed two polyphyletic groups: EAOR branch from EAAL, in which 100.0%EA rooted 75.0% NCBIrefseqs, forming a clade; and GAOR-SLOR and LLOR branch form GAOR-LLAL rooted SLAL, in which 100.0%LL and SL rooted KJ463387.1 (Badagry), forming another clade. SNP Locus 91 separated 100.0%GAOR from 100.0%GAAL and 100.0%NCBIrefseqs translating to valine; SNP Locus 171 separated 100.0%EA and its co-rooted NCBIrefseqs from 100.0%LL, SL, and their co-rooted NCBIrefseq, translating to glycine/ glutamic acid change. Conclusion The equal left and right side chelae and the unequal left and right side chelae specimens are, respec- tively, small- and robust-sized, irrespective of habitat. They are divergent size-linked clades having protein translate differences, delineable at 16S rRNA SNP Locus 171; their size variant habitat strains are delineable at SNP Locus 91. These SNP markers will be useful for precision identification and selection of the size variant chelae morph strains for sustainable utilization. 1 results 1
- Background: Sub-Saharan countries including Nigeria have the highest burden of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the world. Most studies on HPV surveillance in Nigeria were done in the southern part of the country. Geographical and socio-cultural diversity of Nigeria makes these data unlikely to be universally representative for the entire country. Northern Nigeria especially the North-East carries a higher prevalence of cervical cancer and many of its risk factors. The region may be harbouring a higher prevalence of HPV infection with a possibility of different genotypic distribution. This study was carried out to determine the burden and confirm the predominant HPV genotypes among women presenting for cervical cancer screening at the Federal Teaching Hospital Gombe (FTHG), North-eastern, Nigeria. Methods: The study was an observational hospital based cross sectional study among women who presented for cervical cancer screening in FTHG. A total of 209 consenting women were tested for cervical HPV infection using PCR. DNA sequencing was carried out on positive samples to determine the prevalent HPV genotypes. Results: The prevalence of cervical HPV infection among the participants with mean age of 39.6 ± 10.4 years was 48.1 %. The five most predominant genotypes were 18, 16, 33, 31 and 35, with prevalence of 44.7 %, 13.2 %, 7.9 %, 5.3 % and 5.3 % respectively. Other genotypes observed were 38, 45, 56, 58, 82 and KC5. Multiple HPV infections were detected among 7.9 % of participants. Risk factors such as level of education (X2 = 15.897; p = 0.007), age at sexual debut (X2 = 6.916; p = 0.009), parity (X2 = 23.767; p = 0.000), number of life time sexual partners (X2 = 7.805; p = 0.005), age at first pregnancy (X2 = 10.554; p = 0.005) and history of other malignancies (X2 = 7.325; p = 0.007) were found to have a statistically significant association with HPV infection. Conclusion: This study identified a high burden of HPV infection in Northern Nigeria while also confirming HPV 18 and 16 as the most predominant genotypes. It further justifies the potential benefit of the currently available HPV vaccines in the area. A larger and community based study is however recommended for better representation of the area. 1 results 1
- Bast 1 results 1
- Broad-sense heritability 1 results 1
- Cellulose Acetate electrophore 1 results 1
- Cellulose Acetate electrophoresis technique 1 results 1
- Cervix 1 results 1
- Chemical compounds 1 results 1
- Circulating genotypes 1 results 1
- Dioscorea 1 results 1
- Discovering the complexity of seed structure and function along with a number of vital processes such as seed growth and development, germination are important factors in unlocking the secrets of consistent crop yield. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a multi-purpose annual, dryland-adapted, forage, legume crop is cultivated in different parts of the world with great potential for introduction under suitable agro-climatic zones in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Fenugreek seed is used extensively for its medicinal, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes, hyperglycaemia (thyroxine-induced type) and hypercholesterolemia. This review discusses seed physiological processes and several important biochemical seed constituent, e.g., steroidal sapogenins (diosgenin), polysaccharide fiber (galactomannan), amino acid (4-hydroxyisoleucine), etc, with important medicinal and pharmacological characteristics impacting human and animal health. However, there are noticeable differences in the quality of several phytochemicals found in fenugreek seed possibly due to variations in plant genotypes and agroclimatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Hence, it is important to note that for consistent seed yield and quality of fenugreek cultivars there is an urgent need for continuing efforts in genetic improvements and in developing high yielding, disease and drought-resistant varieties suitable for different agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, in addition to the physico-biochemistry of fenugreek seed different approaches for genetic improvement have also been discussed. 1 results 1
- Drought tolerance 1 results 1
- Drought- stressed 1 results 1
- Evaluation of bread wheat 1 results 1
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