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Factors contributing to household wealth inequality in under-five deaths in low[1]and middle-income countries: decomposition analysis
Published 2022Subjects: “…Low- and middle-income countries…”
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Optimal mental health for achieving health security in Nigeria: a strategic blueprint
Published 2019Subjects: “…Equity in health: Low and Middle-Income Countries…”
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Pragmatic Solutions for Stroke Recovery and Improved Quality of Life in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Systematic Review
Published 2020Subjects: “…Low and Middle-income Countries…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Low- and middle-income countries 8 results 8
- Fairlie decomposition 5 results 5
- Poverty reduction 5 results 5
- Income 4 results 4
- Income inequality 4 results 4
- Rural households 3 results 3
- Background: There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC. Methods: Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05. Results: Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countries except Liberia, Kyrgyz Republic, Bangladesh, Nepal, Armenia, Turkey and Papua New Guinea. Pro-female inequality was however not significant in any country. Of the 59 countries, 25 had statistically significant pro-male inequality. Different factors contributed to the sex inequality in U5D in different countries including birth order, birth weight, birth interval and multiple births. Conclusions: There were sex inequalities in the U5D in LMIC with prominent pro-male-inequality in many countries. Interventions targeted towards the improvement of the health system that will, in turn, prevent preterm delivery and improve management of prematurity and early childhood infection (which are selective threats to the male child survival) are urgently required to address this inequality. 2 results 2
- Delinquent behavior 2 results 2
- Diarrhoea 2 results 2
- Farming communities 2 results 2
- Income diversification 2 results 2
- Parental education 2 results 2
- Parental income 2 results 2
- Perinatal depression 2 results 2
- Quality of life 2 results 2
- Risk difference 2 results 2
- Rural Nigeria 2 results 2
- Sex inequality 2 results 2
- This study investigated the influence of parental socio-economic factors on the delinquent behaviour among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Ovo Slate. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design while Social Learning Theory was adopted as a theoretical guide Two hundred secondary school students were selected for the study using simple random sampling technique The research instruments used to collect data were the Parental education scale with a Cronbach alpha reliability of 0.82; Parental income has a Cronbach alpha reliability off). 79; while Parental occupation has a Cronbach alpha reliability of 0.84 and Delinquent behaviour has a Cronbach alpha reliability of 0.89. The data collected were analysed, using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between parental education and delinquent behaviour (r= .426, p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between parental income and delinquent behaviour (r- .365, p < 0.05). There was significant relationship between parental occupation and delinquent behaviour (r =.429** p < 0.05). The study concluded that the financial strength of a family could trigger delinquent behaviour among students. Consequently, it was recommended that parents and caregivers should endeavour to meet the needs of their children and wards as this would make them not to engage in delinquent behaviours. 2 results 2
- Under-five death 2 results 2
- "Crop commercialization by smallholder farmers in Nigeria is virtually non-existent due to a range of constraints, thereby affecting the income status of the farmers. This study investigated the effect of agricultural crop commercialization on household income in Oyo state, Nigeria. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires administered to 203 cassava farmersusing a multistage sampling technique. Data collected included demographic characteristics of respondents, cassava production, sales volume and prices analyses carried out on the data were descriptive statistics, Household Commercialization Index (HCl), ordinary least Square regression and probit regression model. The results reveals that majority of the respondents (84.7%) were male. The average age of the farmers was 45 years while the average household size is 6 members. The results of household commercialization index showed that 97% of the crops by the farmers were commercialized the average household commercialization index was 0.9.Regression analysis of determinants of agricultural commercialization revealed three significant variables, namely:(gender (p<0.0I) (β =0.3808)), education (p<0.0l) (β= 0.0529)) and farm size (p<0.0I)β=0.3751)). Analysis of the effect of commercialization on household income revealed four significant variables, which are gender, education, total cassava produced and farm size. The major constraints to full commercialization as ranked in order of importance to the farmers in the study area are: poor road, credit inaccessibility, unattractive market prices, and transaction bottleneck. These findings demonstrated the' need to strengthen policies that encourage effective integrated marketing information, guaranteed market for farm produce, rehabilitation of rural roads and accessibility to credit, ensuring full commercialization. " 1 results 1
- "This study examined the effects of self-esteem, socioeconomic status and age on marital violence. Marital violence is a phenomenon that is found to be pervasive in all cultures of the world, people go to the Altar to take marital vow, to love, cherish and keep one another for better for worse, in sickness and in health. However, the situation in most homes is afar cry from the vow willingly taken by couples, rather, homes are riddled with physical, psychological and other forms of violence. Results from this study revealed that self-esteem has no direct effect on initiating and maintaining marital violence, while socioeconomic status does; also, no relationship was observed between age and marital violence. Recommendation was made on approach that may be adopted to reduce incidence of marital violence. " 1 results 1
- Adolescent pregnancy 1 results 1
- Adolescents 1 results 1
- Agroecological zones 1 results 1
- BACKGROUND: Psychological issues usually accompany the pregnancy of first-time mothers, and psychoeducational interventions might be effective in addressing these concerns and preparing first-time mothers for childbirth and the postnatal period. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to identify, analyze, and synthesize the components and determine the effectiveness of psychoeducational interventions that are used for managing psychological issues and enhancing birth preparedness among primigravid women or couples in low and middle-income countries. STUDY DESIGN: A systematic search of 12 databases (APA PsycINFO, EmCare, Embase, MEDLINE(R), Ovid Nursing, British Nursing Index, Health & Medical Collection, ProQuest, CINAHL, Cochrane, Hinari, and PubMed) was conducted to identify relevant studies published between 1946 and October 2021. The quality of the included studies was appraised by the Joanna and Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool, and a narrative synthesis was performed to analyze data extracted from included articles. The systematic review protocol is registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (registration number: CRD42021237896). RESULTS: The initial search yielded 8658 articles. Of note, 16 articles, including 7 randomized controlled trials and 9 nonrandomized trials, met the inclusion criteria and were selected and reviewed for quality. In addition, 31 outcomes were measured in the studies, including psycho logical outcomes, birth preparedness outcomes, and other outcomes. The design of the interventions included antenatal education that was delivered through lectures, role plays, trainings, and antenatal counseling. All the psychoeducational interventions had a significant effect (P<0.05) Cohen’s d or Hedges’ g=0.2−1.9) on certain psychological outcomes, including childbirth attitude, fear of childbirth, depression, fear, and anxiety, and birth preparedness outcomes. CONCLUSION: Although first-time mothers experience a range of psychological issues during pregnancy, psychoeducational interventions were beneficial in addressing their psychological concerns. It would seem that these interventions are less expensive and could be easily implemented in low- and middle-income countries. However, rigorous research, such as randomized controlled trials, is hereby warranted to standardize the interventions and outcome assessment tools. 1 results 1
- Background: Depression is common among women in the perinatal period. Although pregnancy and motherhood among adolescents are global public health issues, little is known about how adolescents differ from adults in the occurrence and correlates of perinatal depression. Methods: Data were derived from a cluster randomized controlled trial of psychosocial interventions for perinatal depression in primary maternal care in Nigeria (the Expanding Care for Perinatal Women with Depression trial). Adolescents and adult participants recruited during pregnancy and followed up till 6-month postpartum were compared: proportions with depression [screening positive to depression on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (score ≥ 12) and meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, criteria using the short form of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview]; adjustment and attitude to pregnancy and motherhood (using the Maternal Adjustment and Maternal Attitudes scale); and parenting skills (measured on Infant–Toddler version of the Home Inventory for Measurement of the Environment). Infant and fetal growth were assessed by measures of weight and head circumference at birth and upper mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) at 6 months. Results: Of 8,580 adults screened, 6.9% had major depression compared with 17.7% of 772 screened adolescents (p < 0.001). Adolescents had significantly poorer adjustment and attitudes to pregnancy, lower mean fetal gestational age at birth, and a smaller mean baby’s birth weight. At 6-month postpartum, there were no significant differences in the rates of remission from depression between adolescent and adult women (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score <6). Adolescent mothers continued to have poorer maternal attitudes and parenting skills indicated by significantly lower scores on the Infant–Toddler version of the Home Inventory for Measurement of the Environment responsivity and involvement subscales. Infants of adolescent mothers had a higher rate of undernutrition (defined as MUAC < 12.5 cm) compared with those of adult mothers: 14.8 and 6.3%, respectively (p = 0.008), with the mean MUAC remaining significantly lower for infants of adolescent mothers after adjusting for their lower birth weight (p = 0.04). Conclusion: Perinatal depression is more common and is associated with poorer maternal attitudes and parenting skills in adolescents compared with those in adults. Evidence from this exploratory study suggests that in improving outcomes in infants of adolescent mothers with perinatal depression, depression treatment may need to be supplemented with specific approaches to improve parenting skills. 1 results 1
- Background: Given the limited healthcare resources in low and middle income countries (LMICs), effective rehabilitation strategies that can be realistically adopted in such settings are required. Objective: A systematic review of literature was conducted to identify pragmatic solutions and outcomes capable of enhancing stroke recovery and quality of life of stroke survivors for low- and middle- income countries. Methods: PubMed, HINARI, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases were searched for published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) till November 2018. Only completed trials published in English with non-pharmacological interventions on adult stroke survivors were included in the review while published protocols, pilot studies and feasibility analysis of trials were excluded. Obtained data were synthesized thematically and descriptively analyzed. Results: One thousand nine hundred and ninety six studies were identified while 347 (65.22% high quality) RCTs were found to be eligible for the review. The most commonly assessed variables (and outcome measure utility) were activities of daily living [75.79% of the studies, with Barthel Index (37.02%)], motor function [66.57%; with Fugl Meyer scale (71.88%)], and gait [31.12%; with 6min walk test (38.67%)]. Majority of the innovatively high technology interventions such as robot therapy (95.24%), virtual reality (94.44%), transcranial direct current stimulation (78.95%), transcranial magnetic stimulation (88.0%) and functional electrical stimulation (85.00%) were conducted in high income countries. Several traditional and low-cost interventions such as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), resistant and aerobic exercises (R&AE), task-oriented therapy (TOT), body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) were reported to significantly contribute to the recovery of motor function, activity, participation, and improvement of quality of life after stroke. Conclusion: Several pragmatic, in terms of affordability, accessibility and utility, stroke rehabilitation solutions, and outcome measures that can be used in resource-limited settings were found to be effective in facilitating and enhancing post-stroke recovery and quality of life. 1 results 1
- Background: Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC) continue to record a high burden of under-five deaths (U5D). There is a gap in knowledge of the factors contributing to housing materials inequalities in U5D. This study examined the contributions of the individual- and neighbourhood-level factors to housing materials inequalities in influencing U5D in LMIC. Methods: We pooled data from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys for 56 LMIC conducted between 2010 and 2018. In all, we analysed the data of 798,796 children living in 59,791 neighbourhoods. The outcome variable was U5D among live births within 0 to 59 months of birth. The main determinate variable was housing material types, categorised as unimproved housing materials (UHM) and improved housing materials (IHM) while the individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors are the independent variables. Data were analysed using the Fairlie decomposition analysis at α = 0.05. Results: The overall U5D rate was 53 per 1000 children, 61 among children from houses built with UHM, and 41 among children from houses built with IHM (p < 0.001). This rate was higher among children from houses that were built with UHM in all countries except Malawi, Zambia, Lesotho, Gambia, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, Maldives, Jordan, and Albania. None of these countries had significant pro-IHM inequality. The factors explaining housing inequalities in U5D include household wealth status, residence location, source of drinking water, media access, paternal employment, birth interval, and toilet type. Conclusions: There are variations in individual- and neighbourhood-level factors driving housing materials inequalities as it influences U5D in LMIC. Interventions focusing on reducing the burden of U5D in households built with UHM are urgently needed. 1 results 1
- Background: Telemedicine is employed in patient care when direct physical contact is not possible or discouraged, as was seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of smartphone technology could make telemedicine affordable and available in low and medium-income countries (LMICs). However, the evolution of telemedicine care depends on multiple factors. Aim: To explore the practice of telemedicine by Nigerian health care workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic Methods: A cross-sectional study of the Nigerian HCWs on telemedicine practice in patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Recruitment of respondents was done through dedicated WhatsApp and Telegram social media platforms for HCWs over a period of 40 days (May 1st and June 10th, 2020).Results: A total of 481 HCWs participated in the study consisting of 153(31.8%) doctors, 150(31.2%) nurses and 178(37%) other HCWs. Though 89.2% of the HCWs agreed that telemedicine is important, it was only 266 (55.3%) that practiced telemedicine, phone consultation was the form of telemedicine used in all the health institutions. Telemedicine was practiced more by doctors 91(18.9%), nurses 79(16.4%) and pharmacists 35(7.3%) than other groups of health care workers. Inadequate COVID-19 screening test and lack of personal protective equipment were strong motivators for the attending HCWs to practice telemedicine. Conclusion: There was widespread use of phone consultation by all cadres of health care workers during the pandemic. Hence there should be a health policy that will encourage greater use and acceptance of telemedicine in clinical practice and in the patients care beyond the pandemic period 1 results 1
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