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The effects of chronic melatonin treatment on myocardial function and ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model of diet-induced obesity by Nduhirabandi, Frederic
Published 2010Subjects: “…Melatonin -- Obesity -- Treatment…”
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The role of melatonin in cardioprotection : an investigation into the mechanisms involved in glucose homeostasis, microvascular endothelial function and mitochondrial function in n... by Nduhirabandi, Frederic
Published 2014Subjects: “…Melatonin…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Melatonin 8 results 8
- Aflatoxin B1 5 results 5
- Chromolena odorata 5 results 5
- Gut 5 results 5
- Inflammation 5 results 5
- Liver 5 results 5
- Aflatoxins are known to produce chronic carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, as well as acute inflammatory effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The potentials of the flavonoid-rich extract from Chromolena odorata (FCO) and melatonin (a standard anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and morphology of liver and small intestines were evaluated in this study. We utilized Wistar albino rats (200–230 g) randomly divided into five groups made up of group A, control rats; group B, rats given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitone al) twice on days 5 and 7; rats in groups C, D, and E were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or oral doses of FCO1 (50 mg/kg) and FCO2 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively, along with AFB1 injection on days 5 and 7. Serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined using commercial ELISA kits and histopathological evaluation of the liver, duodenum, and ileum were also carried out. We observed significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum IL-1β correlating with hemorrhages and leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the liver and intestines as evidences of an acute inflammatory response to AFB1 administration. All treatments yielded significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-1β levels, although TNF-α levels were not significantly altered in all rats that received AFB1, irrespective of the treatments. Melatonin and FCO2 produced considerable protection of hepatic tissues, although melatonin was not quite effective in protecting the intestinal lesions. Our findings suggest a modulation of cytokine expression that may, in part, be responsible for the abilities of C. odorata or melatonin in amelioration of hepatic and intestinal lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 injury. 4 results 4
- Aflatoxins are known to produce chronic carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, as well as acute inflammatory effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The potentials of the flavonoid-rich extract from Chromolena odorata (FCO) and melatonin (a standard anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and morphology of liver and small intestines were evaluated in this study.We utilizedWistar albino rats (200–230 g) randomly divided into five groups made up of group A, control rats; group B, rats given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) twice on days 5 and 7; rats in groups C, D, and E were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or oral doses of FCO1 (50 mg/kg) and FCO2 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively, along with AFB1 injection on days 5 and 7. Serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined using commercial ELISA kits and histopathological evaluation of the liver, duodenum, and ileum were also carried out.We observed significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum IL-1β correlating with hemorrhages and leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the liver and intestines as evidences of an acute inflammatory response to AFB1 administration. All treatments yielded significant reduction (p <0.05) in IL-1β levels, although TNF-α levels were not significantly altered in all rats that received AFB1, irrespective of the treatments. Melatonin and FCO2 produced considerable protection of hepatic tissues, although melatonin was not quite effective in protecting the intestinal lesions. Our findings suggest a modulation of cytokine expression that may, in part, be responsible for the abilities of C. odorata or melatonin in amelioration of hepatic and intestinal lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 injury. 1 results 1
- Background: Oral ingestion of lead in drinking water represents the most common route of human and animal exposure, especially in the developing nations. Unlike other internal organs, research on the effects of lead on gastrointestinal tract remains limited. This study explored the alterations in faecal fatty acid composition, gastrointestinal and hepatic histologies and redox status, following chronic, 90-day exposure of rats to lead acetate (PbA). We also investigated the protective effects of rutin and melatonin against lead toxicity in rats. Methods: Fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups of 10 (A-E) and were assigned as follows: A: Control; B: 1% PbA in drinking water; C: PbA+rutin (50 mg/kg); D: PbA+melatonin (25 mg/kg) and E: PbA+rutin+melatonin. The faecal fatty acid profiles were quantified by methylation and gas chromatography-flame ion detection. We also evaluated the oxidative stress and antioxidant markers for the stomach, liver, and guts, and their histopathological alterations. Results: Exposure to PbA caused remarkable elevations of the faecal fats, such as undecylic, lauric, tridecylic, myristic, and palmitic acids, compared to the controls and rats in group C. The administration of rutin and/or melatonin ameliorated the PbA-induced increases in the hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde contents. Rutin and melatonin improved the levels of thiol, and reduced the glutathione, glutathione S-transferase and superoxide dismutase activities. Conclusion: The findings suggest that rutin alone or combined with melatonin protects against PbA-induced disruption of the liver and gastrointestinal tract integrity via modulation of intestinal total lipids in cells and redox imbalances. 1 results 1
- Bisphenol A 1 results 1
- Cyclophosphamide 1 results 1
- Cyclophosphamide (CLP), a cytotoxic alkylating agent with immunosuppressive and antitumor properties is used in the treatment of different types of cancers, but it is known to cause toxicity-induced changes to the body tissues. Melatonin, an antioxidant mainly secreted by the pineal gland has protective properties especially against tissue toxicity. This study was aimed at investigating the role of melatonin (MLT) in cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity of the liver and kidney using serum biochemical analysis and histopathology in adult Wistar rats. Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were grouped into four (n=6): group 1 was injected intraperitoneally with 0.2mL of normal saline for 14 days, group 2 was injected with 10mg/kg of melatonin intraperitoneally for 14 days, group 3 was injected intraperitoneally with 0.2mL of normal saline for 14 days and 150mg/kg of CLP on the 15th day and in group 4, the rats were injected with 10mg/kg of melatonin for 14 days and 150mg/kg of CLP on the 15th day. Forty-eight hours after the last treatment, the rats were weighed; blood samples collected for biochemical analysis while liver and kidney samples were processed for histology. The results revealed that CLP-treated rats had hypokalemia and hypochloremia with a significant increase in the levels of liver and kidney function markers. Histopathological analysis showed congested central vein and widened sinusoids in the liver, while there were widened as well as congested urinary spaces and loop of Henle, with loss of glomerular epithelia in the kidneys. The rats treated with melatonin and CLP showed improvement in body weight, biochemical parameters of hepatic and renal functions as well as improved tissue conditions. In conclusion, a pre-treatment with melatonin is recommended in cyclophosphamide therapy. 1 results 1
- Endocrine disrupting chemical 1 results 1
- Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), has been shown to result in a number of reproductive dysfunction. Melatonin (MLT) is a potent antioxidant known to protect against EDC-induced toxicity. We aimed at investigating the protective effects of MLT on prostate gland dysfunction in the F1 adult male Wistar rats exposed to BPA in utero. Rats, confirmed pregnant were divided into five groups (n=5): Control: 0.2 ml canola oil; BPA 25 μg/kg/day; BPA 250 μg/kg/day; BPA 25 μg/kg/day + MLT 1 mg/kg/day and BPA 250 μg/kg/day + MLT 1 mg/kg/day. Blood sample was collected for serum hormonal and biochemical assays. Histopathology of the prostate gland was carried using standard methods. Prostatic index was significantly increased in BPA-treated rats compared to control (p˂0.05). BPA induced prostatic oxidative stress and caused significant decreases in the levels of serum T and LH but resulted in significant increases in the levels of PSA, PAC and TAC. Prostatic lesions observed in the BPA groups rats included hyperplasia (functional, reactive and atypical). These were attenuated in the rats co-treated with MLT. BPA induced marked prostatic alterations, while melatonin co-administration protected against these alterations. 1 results 1
- Gastrointestinal Tract 1 results 1
- Ischemia-reperfusion 1 results 1
- Ischemic pre-conditioning 1 results 1
- Lead Acetate 1 results 1
- Lipids 1 results 1
- Oxidative Stress 1 results 1
- Oxidative stress 1 results 1
- Parquetina nigrescens 1 results 1
- Pregnant rats 1 results 1
- Prostate gland 1 results 1
- Rutin 1 results 1
- The search for relatively safe and cost-effective strategies at minimizing tissue damage following acute inflammatory bowel conditions still continues. To further explore the mechanisms of protection by Parquetina nigrescens in gut ischemia-reperfusion injury, the present study sought to investigate the effects of the flavonoid-rich extracts of Parquetinanigrescens (FPN) on serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-lbeta), the oxidant-antioxidant status, as well as the morphology of the intestinal mucosa in a rat model of ischemia-reperfusion injury. Thirty six male Wistar rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups with the sham-operated group subjected to laparotomy only. In the ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) group, the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) was occluded for 45 minutes, followed by reperfusion for another 45 minutes. Other groups had ischemic pre-conditioning (IP), melatonin (10 mg/kg), FPN1 (250 mg/kg) or FPN2 (500 mg/kg) before IR. Serum cytokine levels were determined, histopathological examination and biochemical analyses of small intestines were carried out. IR produced significant increases (p<0.05) in MDA and TNF-alpha with significant reductions (p<0.05) in GSH, GPx and SOD. FPN2 produced the best am elioration of effects of IR injury on M DA, H20 2, GSH and SOD, as well as the best preservation o f m ucosal integrity at histology. The increased TNF - alpha level was, however, best ameliorated with ischemic preconditioning. Our results provide evidence for the amelioration of IR injury by flavonoids derived from Parquetinanigrescens via anti-inflammatory effects, mainly involving TNF-alpha reduction. This effect was also positively con-elated with reduction in oxidative damage. 1 results 1
- liver and kidney toxicity. 1 results 1
- melatonin 1 results 1
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