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The effect of maize and soybean oil cake particle size on broiler growth performance and gastrointestinal development
Published 2021Subjects: “…Soybean oil cake…”
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Haploid-inducer development by CRISPR/Cas9 mediated CenH3 gene modification in Helianthus annuus (Sunflower)
Published 2023Subjects: “…Soybean…”
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Analysis of main determinants of soybean price volatility in Malawi
Published 2019Subjects: “…Soybean…”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Clarias gariepinus 4 results 4
- Soybean meal 4 results 4
- Crude protein digestibility 2 results 2
- Soybean 2 results 2
- Soybeans 2 results 2
- Terminalia catappa 2 results 2
- "Soybean meal, benniseed, microbial phytase, broiler chickens, nutritional evaluation " 1 results 1
- Aims: The experiment was conducted to investigate the performance and carcass characteristics of meat-type chicken fed Soybean Meal (SBM) and Sesame/Soybean Meal (SSBM) supplemented with or without microbial phytase. Study Design: The experiment employed a complete randomized design; all data generated were subjected to analysis of variance, P=0.05. Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, between October and December, 2011. Methodology: One hundred and sixty-eight unsexed two weeks old Arbor Acre strain chickens were used in a 35-day feeding trial. Two feeding regimes of soybean meal and Sesame/soybean meal based diets were formulated. Each feeding regime comprised of control diet and two levels of phytase units (300 and 600 FTU/kg) of 500 unit /g activity making a total of six dietary treatments. The birds were fed the experimental diets for a 35- and Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). At the end of the feeding trial, three birds were slaughtered per replicate to evaluate carcass and meat characteristics. Results: The addition of phytase improved the birds’ performance, FI and FCR. Significant (P<0.05) increase was obtained for apparent retention of nitrogen (67.22%), ash (74.85%), ether extract (65.43%), crude fibre (76.22%) and Phosphorus (45.58%). Cooking loss values increased while the Water Holding Capacity (WHC) reduced with microbial phytase supplementation. Conclusion: Sesame/soybean diet supplemented with 300 FTU/Kg microbial phytase gave optimum performance and should probably be adopted as the feeding regime of choice since it also resulted in better nutrient utilization by the birds. 1 results 1
- Broiler chicken 1 results 1
- Broiler feed 1 results 1
- Canavalia ensiformis 1 results 1
- Catfish 1 results 1
- Chickens 1 results 1
- Diets 1 results 1
- Feedstuff 1 results 1
- Growth parameters 1 results 1
- High cost of feed and competition between fish and other livestock's feed industries necessitate research into low cost, non-conventional feedstuffs for profitable fish farming. The feed potential of Mucuna utilis in this direction has not been documented. The feed potentials of Mucuna utilis and its effects on growth and biochemical parameters of the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were therefore investigated. Proximate, mineral composition and level of L-DOPA (3, 4-dihydroxylphenyalanine) in Raw Mucuna Meal (RMM), Cooked Mucuna Meal (CMM) and Toasted Mucuna Meal (TMM) were determined. These were used to substitute soybean meal at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% inclusion levels in 40% crude protein isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets. Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 6.60 ± 1.09g) were randomly allotted to the 12 treatments in a 4 by 3 factorial experiment. The experiment was replicated thrice and the fish were fed twice daily at 5% body weight. The feeding trial lasted for 84 days during which growth and nutrient utilization parameters such as Mean Weight Gain (MWG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and Food Conversion Ratio (FCR) were measured. Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), plasma glucose, plasma protein and albumin were determined. Also, histo-pathological evaluations of fish fed MSM supplemented diets were carried out. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. Crude protein (29.2%), fat (0.7%), fibre (9.6%), Potassium (1.4%), Phosphorus (0.1%) and Iron (132.1mg/kg) were highest in RMM while CMM had the least values. The level of L-DOPA was highest (6.9%) in RMM and lowest in TMM (5.2%). All the fish responded positively to experimental diets with increase in growth ranging from 12.69 ± 2.10g in 30% RMM to 18.48 ± 3.9g in 10% CMM. The MWG (20.98 ± 5.19g), SGR (11.9%), and FCR (2.81 ± 0.29) recorded in fish fed control diet (0% inclusion level) were higher but not significantly different from values obtained in fish fed diets 10% RMM and 10% TMM. Inclusion of Mucuna Seed Meal (MSM) in the diet beyond 20% in all treatments resulted in lower weight gain. Carcass protein increased in all except in fish fed 20% RMM. The PCV increased progressively from 27.0% in the control diet to 37.7% recorded in 30% inclusion level of CMM. Fish in 20% RMM had the highest WBC (8.20 X 103 ± 0.59mm3) value while the lowest value (1.01 X 103 ± 1.29mm3) was obtained in 20% inclusion level of TMM. There were no significant differences in the plasma glucose in all the treatments compared to the control value of 39.33 ± 9.24mg/l. Feeding MSM-based diets at 30% inclusion level in all the processed forms resulted in severe vacuolation of the hepatocytes of the liver and spongiosis of the white matter of the cerebellum of the brain. Mucuna seed meals have good potential as feed ingredient in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Substitution of Mucuna seed meal as a replacement for soybean meal beyond 20% may lead to serious nutritional and health hazards to the fish. 1 results 1
- Increasing cost of feedstuff due to competition between livestock and human necessitates research into Low-Cost Unconventional Feedstuffs (LCUF) for profitable fish farming. Almond kernel has been reported to be nutrient-rich feedstuff for livestock; however information on the potential of almond (Terminalia catappa) as a LCUF has not been well documented in aquaculture. Therefore, the use of almond kernel meal as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus was investigated. Chemical compositions of Soaked almond kernel meal (SOAM), Boiled almond kernel meal (BOAM), Roasted almond kernel meal (ROAM), Mechanically extracted almond kernel meal (MEAM), Solvent (petroleum spirit) extracted almond kernel meal (SEAM) and Raw almond kernel meal (RWAM) were determined using standard procedures. Crude protein digestibility of the meals was conducted using C. gariepinus juveniles (n = 420, 9.15±0.08 g). Two meals with highest crude protein digestibility were used for nutrient utilisation and growth studies. Each of these meals was used to replace soybean meal at 0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0% in formulating isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets. The diets were fed to C. gariepinus (n = 600, 12.02±0.04 g) twice daily at 3.0% body weight for 105 days. Mean weight gain (MWG), Specific growth rate (SGR) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Blood (5mL) was sampled from the fish for Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Plasma protein and albumin determination using standard procedures. Histopathological evaluations of the liver and kidney were carried out using standard procedures. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at ά0.05. Crude protein values significantly varied from 24.1% in BOAM to 35.4% in SEAM. Crude fibre ranged from 3.3% (ROAM) to 3.8% (SEAM). Phosphorus (0.5%) and calcium (0.3%) were highest in ROAM, while lowest values of phosphorus (0.2%) and calcium (0.2%) were in RWAM. Phytate ranged from 0.04% (ROAM) to 0.09% (RWAM), while tannin ranged from 0.03% (ROAM) to 0.07% (RWAM). Fish fed ROAM had highest crude protein digestibility (89.0%) followed by MEAM (88.9%) while the least value (87.1%) was recorded in fish fed SEAM. High MWG (69.0±2.9g; 68.5±1.5g), SGR (1.82%; 1.81%) and least FCR (1.54±0.05; 1.53±0.03) were obtained in fish fed 75.0% ROAM and MEAM, respectively, while the lowest values of MWG (27.0±0.9g), SGR (1.12%) and highest FCR (2.1±0.2) were obtained in fish fed 100.0% ROAM. Elevated PCV UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY iii (28.0%) was obtained in fish fed 50.0% MEAM inclusion, while least PCV (23.0%) was obtained in fish fed 100.0% ROAM. The WBC significantly varied from 10.3±0.05x106/μl to 11.8±0.01x106/μl in fish fed 0.0% MEAM and 100.0% ROAM, respectively. Fish fed 50.0% MEAM had significantly higher plasma protein (4.8±0.1g/dL) and albumin (2.9±0.1g/dL), while significantly lower levels of plasma protein (3.4±0.01g/dL) and albumin (1.8±0.1g/dL) were obtained at 100.0% ROAM. Vascular fibrosis of the liver and tubular necrosis of the kidney were observed in fish fed ROAM and MEAM at inclusion levels above 75.0%. Roasted almond kernel meal could replace soybean meal up to 75.0% in Clarias gariepinus diet. Growth depression and health impairment could result from replacement beyond this level. Keywords: Terminalia catappa, Soybean meal, Clarias gariepinus, Crude protein digestibility. Word count: 500 1 results 1
- Increasing cost of feedstuff due to competition between livestock and human necessitates research into Low-Cost Unconventional Feedstuffs (LCUF) for profitable fish farming. Almond kernel has been reported to be nutrient-rich feedstuff for livestock; however information on the potential of almond (Terminalia catappa) as a LCUF has not been well documented in aquaculture. Therefore, the use of almond kernel meal as a replacement for soybean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus was investigated.Chemical compositions of Soaked almond kernel meal (SOAM), Boiled almond kernel meal (BOAM), Roasted almond kernel meal (ROAM), Mechanically extracted almond kernel meal (MEAM), Solvent (petroleum spirit) extracted almond kernel meal (SEAM) and Raw almond kernel meal (RWAM) were determined using standard procedures. Crude protein digestibility of the meals was conducted using C. gariepinus juveniles (n = 420, 9.15±0.08 g). Two meals with highest crude protein digestibility were used for nutrient utilisation and growth studies. Each of these meals was used to replace soybean meal at 0.0, 25.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0% in formulating isonitrogenous (40% crude protein) diets. The diets were fed to C. gariepinus (n = 600, 12.02±0.04 g) twice daily at 3.0% body weight for 105 days. Mean weight gain (MWG), Specific growth rate (SGR) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) were calculated. Blood (5mL) was sampled from the fish for Packed Cell Volume (PCV), White Blood Cell (WBC), Plasma protein and albumin determination using standard procedures. Histopathological evaluations of the liver and kidney were carried out using standard procedures. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA at ά0.05.Crude protein values significantly varied from 24.1% in BOAM to 35.4% in SEAM. Crude fibre ranged from 3.3% (ROAM) to 3.8% (SEAM). Phosphorus (0.5%) and calcium (0.3%) were highest in ROAM, while lowest values of phosphorus (0.2%) and calcium (0.2%) were in RWAM. Phytate ranged from 0.04% (ROAM) to 0.09% (RWAM), while tannin ranged from 0.03% (ROAM) to 0.07% (RWAM). Fish fed ROAM had highest crude protein digestibility (89.0%) followed by MEAM (88.9%) while the least value (87.1%) was recorded in fish fed SEAM. High MWG (69.0±2.9g; 68.5±1.5g), SGR (1.82%; 1.81%) and least FCR (1.54±0.05; 1.53±0.03) were obtained in fish fed 75.0% ROAM and MEAM, respectively, while the lowest values of MWG (27.0±0.9g), SGR (1.12%) and highest FCR (2.1±0.2) were obtained in fish fed 100.0% ROAM. Elevated PCV (28.0%) was obtained in fish fed 50.0% MEAM inclusion, while least PCV (23.0%) was obtained in fish fed 100.0% ROAM. The WBC significantly varied from 10.3±0.05x106/μl to 11.8±0.01x106/μl in fish fed 0.0% MEAM and 100.0% ROAM, respectively. Fish fed 50.0% MEAM had significantly higher plasma protein (4.8±0.1g/dL) and albumin (2.9±0.1g/dL), while significantly lower levels of plasma protein (3.4±0.01g/dL) and albumin (1.8±0.1g/dL) were obtained at 100.0% ROAM. Vascular fibrosis of the liver and tubular necrosis of the kidney were observed in fish fed ROAM and MEAM at inclusion levels above 75.0%. Roasted almond kernel meal could replace soybean meal up to 75.0% in Clarias gariepinus diet. Growth depression and health impairment could result from replacement beyond this level 1 results 1
- Jackbean 1 results 1
- Lactic acid bacteria 1 results 1
- Microbial phytase 1 results 1
- Most African foods used in weaning are usually cereal-based gruels fermented by Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB). The food mainly supplies carbohydrate; excessive intake of which might cause malnutrition in growing children. Minimum dietary requirements of a child could be met through fortification with protein-rich supplements. Soybean is rich in dietary protein but contains some antinutritional factors and raffinose, an oligosaccharide responsible for gas formation, bloating and flatulence in weaning children. The use of microorganisms for hydrolysing raffinose has not been fully exploited in Nigeria. In this study, the use of LAB to hydrolyse raffinose, reduce antinutritional factors and improve nutritional composition of such food blends were investigated. Commercially- hawked “Ogi” (CO) samples, Local Varieties (LV) of sorghum and maize were obtained from Bodija market, Ibadan and Typed Varieties (TV)-Samsorg 40, Samsorg 41 and Ex-Kano from the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan. The LAB were isolated from spontaneously-fermenting cereal gruels and identified using standard methods. Nine strains of Lactobacillus plantarum were selected based on the abundant production of -galactosidase, and characterized by PCR amplification of 16SrDNA genes. Plasmid presence was determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and the effect of plasmid curing was monitored. The growth of the organisms and metabolites production in different carbon sources were monitored at 200C to 800C and pH of 3.0 to 9.6. Soyabean was pre-treated by milling, cooking and roasting while the relationship of the isolates to raffinose metabolism during fermentation was monitored daily for 5 days. Reducing sugar, residual oligosaccharides, nutritional, antinutritional factors and alpha-galactosidase were determined using UV-spectrophotometer following Association of Official Analytical Chemist procedures. Data were analysed using ANOVA at p=0.05. One hundred and twenty LAB isolates were obtained and identified as L. plantarum (35.8 %), L. fermentum (12.5 %), L. pentosus (7.5 %), L. acidophilus (15.8 %), L. casei (5.8 %), L. brevis (6.7 %), L. cellobiosus (6.7 %), L. jensenii (5.0 %) and L. reuterii (4.2 %). Analyses of the nine L. plantarum isolates revealed high sequence identities (97.0 %). These isolates exhibited significant differences in utilization of raffinose at varying concentrations of 0.2 -1.0 mg/mL, while isolates obtained from LV performed better than those from TV and CO. Fermentation reduced the oligosaccharide content of the soyabean by 74.6 % while the reducing sugars increased by 65.0 %. Fortification of the gruel with soyabeans using uncured L. plantarum strains improved the nutritional quality (protein: 8.4 to 17.8 %, fat: 3.6 to 12.9 %, ash: 2.0 to 3.8 %, Fe: 6.4 to 10.7 mg/100g and Ca: 156.7 to 211.0 mg/100g), and a significant reduction in antinutritional factors (Tannin: 1.9 to 0.1 mg/g, Phytate: 1.2 to 0.1 mg/g and Trypsin Inhibitor : 1.2 to 0.0 mg/g) was observed after fermentation . Oligosaccharide content, reducing sugar, nutritional and antinutritional composition and organoleptic attributes of the end product were significantly affected by plasmid curing. Utilisation of raffinose by Lactobacillus plantarum from local food sources reduced antinutritional factors and oligosaccharides in soybeans. Nutritional quality of cereal gruels were improved by inclusion of Lactobacillus plantarum. 1 results 1
- Mucuna bean 1 results 1
- Mucuna seed meal 1 results 1
- Performance 1 results 1
- Plasmid curing 1 results 1
- Pollution 1 results 1
- Raffinose 1 results 1
- Sesame 1 results 1
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