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Board attributes, financial distress and fruitless and wasteful expenditure in south african state-owned enterprises
Published 2025“…SOE size and audit opinion were identified as the control variables. Findings: The study results indicate that board size and board gender diversity have a negative and significant relationship with financial distress. …”
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Exploring factors influencing Black South African Millennials when considering African Ankara fashion
Published 2017“…Five factors structure the model, namely: attitude, social values (normative variables), fashion involvement, country-of-origin (COO) effect and consumer ethnocentrism (CE) (all perceived control variables). The generation, which is entering the working world and whose fashion selection is increasingly coming under their own control, desire to buy the fashion at affordable prices. …”
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Microfinance and welfare of households in Ngcobo villages in the Eastern Cape Province
Published 2021“…The study also found that there are other control variable such as employment, age, household size and education that interfere with access to microfinance. …”
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The Role of Socioeconomic Status on Students' Employment Expectations in South Africa
Published 2022“…In a quantitative, cross-sectional study with a South Africa student sample (N = 346), this study obtained the following results: 1) SES does not significantly predict students' earning expectations and employment expectations over and above the control variables 2) SES significantly predicts students' anticipated socioeconomic status discrimination and willingness to settle for lower earnings 3) core self-evaluation significantly moderates the relationships between socioeconomic status and students' earning expectations as well as between socioeconomic status and willingness to settle for lower earnings 4) core self-evaluation does not significantly moderate the relationships between socioeconomic status and students' employment expectations as well as between socioeconomic status and anticipated socioeconomic status discrimination. …”
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Perceived supervisor support, regulatory focus, and intellectual stimulation during a change initiative: Evidence from Kenya
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Liquidity and agricultural lending in Malawi
Published 2019“…To test the relationship between liquidity and lending the Malawian Banking sector, the study adopted the panel regression framework while fixed effects and random effects models were using in the estimations. The control variables included bank capital, bank asset growth, bank deposit growth and loan to deposit ratio. …”
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Commodity Prices, Exchange Rate Fluctuation and Sustainable Development Goals in Sub-Saharan Africa: An Empirical Investigation
Published 2022“…The study used the commodity terms of the trade index to measure commodity price behaviour, the real effective exchange rate index to measure bilateral exchange rate behaviour and lastly, human development index was used as a measure of human development outcomes that are consistent with the 17 SDG targets. The following control variables were included in the model specification: financial development index (a measure of resource allocation efficiency), external financial flow (a measure of foreign exchange flow) and governance indicators (a measure of institutional quality). …”
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CSR and Taxes: Examining the Taxing Debate Over a Corporate's Social Responsibility
Published 2024“…The preliminary analysis found a significantly negative relationship between CTA and three of the control variables (size, leverage and return on assets). …”
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Assessing education as a determinant of trust in South Africa
Published 2025“…As a primary focus, an analysis was undertaken to assess the relationship between education and trust by applying probit regression analysis in which the years of basic education obtained together with control variables was regressed against five variables of trust. …”
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Efficacy of corporate governance on corporate disclosure in developing economies: A comparative study of companies listed on selected stock markets in Sub Saharan Africa
Published 2018“…A comprehensive literature review revealed six corporate governance attributes (CEO non-duality, board size, board composition, composition of audit committees, block and director share ownership) and three control variables (Firm size, leverage, and profitability) that may have a significant influence on corporate disclosure. …”
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The Impact of Using Derivatives as a Hedging Instrument in Supporting Global Development Trends: An Analysis of the African Aviation Sector
Published 2022“…Using Tobin's Q as a proxy for firm value, the study computes a series of regressions, incorporating different control variables such as airline size, percentage of jet fuel cost to total operating costs, jet fuel cost per passenger, and profit per passenger - which are all deemed to have significant explanatory power to allow for the isolation of the effect of fuel price hedging. …”
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Experiences of learners when a computer simulation is used to aid teaching the photoelectric effect
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Experiences of learners when a computer simulation is used to aid teaching the photoelectric effect
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On the risk measures representation and capital allocation in the Backward Stochastic Differential Equation framework
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Project finance as a driver of economic growth in Africa
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Determinants of FDI: Evidence from Developed & Developing Countries
Published 2019“…This study also applies control variables GDP, GDP per Capita, population, and inflation to avoid omitted variable bias. …”
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PSYCHO-SOCIAL ROLES OF SPORTS AS PREDICTORS OF PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT AMONG MALE IN-SCHOOL ADOLESCENTS IN THE NIGER-DELTA COMMUNITIES IN NIGERIA
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FISCAL POLICY AND THE CURRENT ACCOUNT DYNAMICS IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA
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Process control of chemicals in fibre furnishes
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