Full Text Available
Access Repository
Search Results - "survival"
- Go to Previous Page
- Showing 21 - 24 results of 24
-
Peritoneal dialysis in childhood acute kidney injury: experience in Southwest Nigeria
Published 2012Subjects: “…survival…”
Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading…Article Loading… -
Effect of ultraviolet radiation on survival, infectivity and maturation of schistosoma mansonicer cariae
Published 1990Subjects: “…Cercarial survival…”
Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading… -
The association between childhood adversities and subsequent first onset of psychotic experiences: a cross- national analysis of 23 998 respondents from 17 countries
Published 2017Subjects: “…discrete-time survival analysis…”
Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading… -
War narratives, survivalism and trauma in Uzodinma Iweala's beast of no nation and Ishmael Beah's a long hay gone
Published 2022Subjects: “…Survivalism…”
Call Number: Loading…
Located: Loading…
Search Tools:
Refine Results
Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 5 results 5
- survival 3 results 3
- Child survival 2 results 2
- Clarias gariepinus 2 results 2
- Hazard ratio 2 results 2
- Non-conventional 2 results 2
- Probability 2 results 2
- Second birth interval 2 results 2
- Sub-Saharan Africa 2 results 2
- Survival 2 results 2
- Survival analysis 2 results 2
- Aesthetics 1 results 1
- Age at first birth 1 results 1
- Background: Birth spacing, especially between first and second births, could impact on fertility, and on maternal and child health. While the interval between marriage and first-birth has been widely studied, information on intervals between first and second births (SBI) and its determinants is scarce. We investigated the timing of second childbirth and its determinants among women in Nigeria. Methods: Using the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, we analysed data on 27451 women of reproductive age who had reported at least one childbirth as of the survey date. We used Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional-hazard regression with 95% confidence interval (CI) computed. Results: The median SBI among women in Nigeria was 34 months (CI: 33.7–34.3). The hazard of second-birth was higher among women from rural (HR=1.161; CI: 1.13-1.19) compared to those from the urban areas. While women living in other regions had tendencies to shorten SBI compared with the North Central, those from South West were 9% (aHR=0.91; CI: 0.86–0.96) less likely to delay it. For every one year age-at-first birth delayed among women, the hazard of second-birth increased by 1.9%. Wealth status, contraceptive use, being employed, higher education among women and spouses, and first-child survival are protective of SBI. Conclusions: Contraceptive use, being employed, living in an urban area, belonging to higher wealth quintile and higher educational attainment could lead to longer second birth interval which could lead to a healthier child, safer motherhood, and reduced fertility. Women should be encouraged to delay SBI as a fertility-control-strategy 1 results 1
- Background: Fertility decline characterised by inter-birth intervals remains rather slow or stall in many countries of sub-Saharan African (SSA). Non-adherence to optimal inter-birth intervals often occasioned by low prevalence of contraceptive use and high fertility desires often lead to poor maternal and child health outcomes. Additionally, information on the influence of contraception and fertility desire on interval between first and second births (SBI) is rarely available. This study therefore aimed to examine the influence of fertility desire and contraception on SBI among women in four SSA countries. Methods: We analysed cross-sectional data on women aged 15–49 years who participated in the recent Demo graphic and Health Surveys in DR Congo, Ethiopia, Nigeria and South Africa. Semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards regression was employed for the analysis at 5% significance level. Results: The median time to second birth was 34 months in DR Congo; 35 months, Nigeria; 42 months, Ethiopia; and 71 months, South Africa. About 70% of the women desired additional child(ren) and two-thirds have never used contraceptive in both Nigeria and DR Congo. The hazard of second birth was significantly lower among women who desired additional child(ren) compared to desired for no more child in DR Congo (aHR=0.93; CI: 0.89–0.97), Ethiopia (aHR=0.64; CI: 0.61–0.67) and South Africa (aHR=0.51; CI: 0.47–0.55). Women who had never used contraceptive were 12%, 20% and 24% more likely to lengthen SBI than those who were current users in DR Congo, Nigeria and South Africa respectively. DR Congo and Nigerian women were about two times more likely to shorten SBI compared with their South African counterparts. Other significant determinants of SBI include ethnicity, rural residential, age and marital status at first birth, wealth and employment status. Conclusion: Findings showed differentials in the linkage between second birth interval and the desired fertility and contraception by country, demonstrating the importance of context. The contribution of these factors to second birth interval requires country context-specific attention if further decline in fertility and poor health outcomes associated with sub-optimal inter-birth interval is to be attained in SSA. 1 results 1
- Background: First childbirth in a woman’s life is one of the most important events in her life. It marks a turnaround when she might have to drop roles of career building and education, for motherhood and parenthood. The timing of the commencement of these roles affects the child bearing behavior of women as they progress in their reproductive ages. Prevalent early first childbirth in Nigeria has been reported as the main cause of high population growth and high fertility, mortality and morbidity among women, but little has been documented on the progression into first birth as well as factors affecting it in Nigeria. This paper modelled timing of first birth among women in Nigeria and determined socio-demographic and other factors affecting its timing. Methods: We hypothesized that background characteristics of a woman will influence her progression into having first birth. We developed and fitted a survival analysis model to understand the timing of first birth among women in Nigeria using a national representative 2013 NDHS data. Women with no children were right censored as of the date of the survey. The Kaplan Meier survival function was used to estimate the probabilities of first birth not occurring until certain ages of women while Cox proportional hazard regression was used to model the timing of first births at 5 % significance level. Results: About 75.7 % of the respondents had given birth in the Northern region of Nigerian compared with 63.8 % in the South. Half (50.1 %) of the first childbirth occurred within the 15–19 years age bracket and 38.1 % within 20–29 years. The overall median survival time to first birth was 20 years (North 19, South 22), 27 years among women with higher education and 18 years for those with no formal education. The adjusted hazard of first birth was higher in the Northern region of Nigeria than in the South (aHR = 1.24, 95 % CI: 1.20-1.27), and higher in rural areas than in urban areas (aHR = 1. 15, 95 % CI: 1.12-1.19). Also, hazard of earlier first birth tripled among women with no education (aHR = 3.36, 95 % CI: 3. 17-3.55) compared to women with higher education. The significant factors affecting age at first birth are education, place and zone of residence, age at first marriage, religion, ethnicity and use of contraceptives. Conclusions: This study showed that progression into early first birth is most affected by the education standing of women as well as age at first marriage. Delay of first childbirths as a strategy for fertility reduction and maternal health improvement can be achieved if women are empowered early in life with quality education. Stakeholders should therefore, give adequate attention to educating the girl child. Adverse socio-cultural norms of betrothing and marrying young girls should be abrogated, while health education and promotion of need to delay child bearing must be intensified especially among rural dwellers and also in Northern Nigeria. 1 results 1
- Background: The choices for renal replacement therapy (RRT) in childhood acute kidney injury (AKI) are lim¬ited in low-resource settings. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) appears to be the most practical modality for RRT in young children with AKI in such settings. Data from sub-Saharan Africa on the use of PD in childhood AKI are few. Methods: We performed a retrospective study of chil¬dren who underwent PD for AKI at a tertiary-care hospital in southwest Nigeria from February 2004 to March 2011 (85 months). Results: The study included 27 children (55.6% female). Mean age was 3.1 ± 2.6years, with the youngest being 7 days, and the oldest, 9 years. The causes of AKI were in¬travascular hemolysis (n = 11), septicemia (n = 8), acute glomerulonephritis (n = 3), gastroenteritis (n = 3), and hemolytic uremic syndrome (n = 2). Peritoneal dialysis was performed manually using percutaneous or adapted catheters. Duration of PD ranged from 6 hours to 12 days (mean: 5.0 ± 3.3 days). The main complications were peri¬tonitis (n = 10), pericatheter leakage (n = 9), and catheter outflow obstruction (n = 5). Of the 27 patients, 19 (70%) survived till discharge. Conclusions: In low-resource settings, PD can be suc¬cessfully performed for the management of childhood AKI. In our hospital, the use of adapted catheters may have contributed to the high complication rates. Peritoneal di¬alysis should be promoted for the management of childhood AKI in low-resource settings, and access to percutaneous or Tenckhoff catheters, dialysis fluid, and automated PD should be increased. 1 results 1
- Background: The use of fiber reinforced composite post in restoration of endodontically treated teeth have been found to prevent irreparable root fracture and the fact that the post is bonded to the root giving a monobloc restoration, also strengthens the tooth. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the survival of endodontically treated teeth with compromised coronal tooth structure restored with glass-fiber posts after 6 months. Methodology: Twenty endodontically treated teeth with less than 50% coronal tooth structure, were assessed and restored with glass fiber reinforced post cemented with dual cure composite and porcelain fused to metal crown. Patients were recalled and the teeth re-assessed at 3 and 6 months to evaluate their survival. The criteria for success included post and core in situ with no displacement or detachment of the post, no crown or prosthesis decementation, no post, core, or root fracture and absence of periradicular conditions requiring endodontic retreatment. Result: Eighteen teeth were available for review at both 3rd and 6th months out of which none had postcore-crown fracture. One tooth (5%) had minimal crevice on probing the margin at 6 month’s review, while another tooth had < 1mm mobility of the crown during the same review period. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the study, there was an excellent performance of the teeth restored with glass fiber post with respect to post –core- crown and root fracture at the end of the 6months recall visit. 1 results 1
- Background: The use of tooth fragment reattachment as an alternative treatment for fractured anterior teeth has been widely reported. However, there is controversy about its longevity. This necessitates the review of studies on its survival rate. Aim and objectives: To determine the reported survival rate of reattached tooth fragments and to assess the storage media, techniques and materials used for tooth reattachment as it affects the longevity of the restorations. Design of the study: This is a systematic review of studies conducted on tooth fracture reattachment. Setting: The review was carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, a tertiary hospital in South-Western region of Nigeria. Materials and Method: A systematic search of PUBMED, Cochrane, Web of science, Scopus, Google scholar and Google was done three times for better outcome. Case reports, observational studies, in vivo studies, and cross sectional studies that were written in English language were included. Key words and phrases such as'tooth reattachment', 'fragment tooth reattachment', 'crown fragment reattachment' as well as 'AND' 'OR' were employed to increase the field of search. Articles downloaded were critically appraised by the two authors for inclusion. Data including authors' name, date, institution, age/gender of patient, teeth involved, medium of storage, technique of reattachment, materials used, and followup period were extracted and entered into a data proforma. Results: Search yielded 206 articles of which 61 relevant ones were downloaded and twenty five studies that met the selection criteria were analysed. A total of 29 teeth were treated in the studies. The majority, 20 (69.2%), of the patients were male and 15 (51.7%) of teeth treated were tooth-type 11. Ellis class III fracture 21 (72.4%) constituted the major indication for reattachment. Material mostly used for tooth reattachment was Light cured composite resin in 16 (55.2%) teeth followed by flowable composite in 8 (27.6%) and dual cure composite in 5 (17.2%) teeth. Follow-up period was between 3 months and 10 years with an average of 2-year-longevity and survival fate. Conclusion: Tooth reattachment as an alternative treatment for fractured anterior teeth is simple, conservative, cost effective and aesthetically pleasing with fairsurvival rate 1 results 1
- Background—Although there is robust evidence linking childhood adversities (CAs) and an increased risk for psychotic experiences (PEs), little is known about whether these associations vary across the life-course and whether mental disorders that emerge prior to PEs explain these associations. Methods—We assessed CAs, PEs and DSM-IV mental disorders in 23,998 adults in the WHO World Mental Health Surveys. Discrete-time survival analysis was used to investigate the associations between CAs and PEs, and the influence of mental disorders on these associations using multivariate logistic models. Results—Exposure to CAs was common, and those who experienced any CAs had increased odds of later PEs (OR =2.3, 95%CI=1.9–2.6). CAs reflecting maladaptive family functioning (MFF), including abuse, neglect, and parent maladjustment, exhibited the strongest associations with PE onset in all life-course stages. Sexual abuse exhibited a strong association with PE onset during childhood (OR= 8.5, 95%CI=3.6–20.2), whereas other CA types were associated with PE onset in adolescence. Associations of Other CAs with PEs disappeared in adolescence after adjustment for prior-onset mental disorders. The population attributable risk proportion (PARP) for PEs associated with all CAs was 31% (24% for MFF). Conclusions—Exposure to CAs is associated with PE onset throughout the life-course, although sexual abuse is most strongly associated with childhood onset PEs. The presence of mental disorders prior to the onset of PEs does not fully explain these associations. The large PARPs suggest that preventing CAs could lead to a meaningful reduction in PEs in the population. 1 results 1
- Bayesian Estimation 1 results 1
- Birth Interval 1 results 1
- Cercariae 1 results 1
- Cercarial activity 1 results 1
- Cercarial attachment 1 results 1
- Cercarial survival 1 results 1
- Cervical cancer 1 results 1
- Cervical cancer is the third most common malignancy in women worldwide, and in developing countries, it remains a leading cause of cancer-related death for women. The disease is a significant illness in women in Sub Sahara Africa Countries like Nigeria. Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd most prevalent cancer among women in Nigeria and the most prevalent cancer among ages 15 – 44 years. Some of the identified risk factors of this disease have been wrongly captured in some statistical models. This consequentially makes the result of the analysis wrongly interpreted and concluded when the risk factors are continuous. This study is aimed at examining the Bayesian estimation of cervical cancer on a woman's age and survival period of the disease using the application of non-parametric techniques. The study is a means to apply Bayesian Nonparametric estimation on cervical cancer. The study findings reveal that women between ages 40 - 60 years have a significant increase in the probability of mortality from cervical cancer when the survival period is between stage I-IV. Also, there is an increase in woman's age and survival period of living with the disease which is significantly likely to decrease the mortality from cervical cancer in the study area. 1 results 1
- Child Survival 1 results 1
- Children 1 results 1
- see all…