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- All real physical structures behave dynamically when subjected to loads or displacements. This research paper, therefore, presents seismic response of field fabricated liquefied natural gas spherical storage vessels using finite element analysis. The seismic analysis procedure used represents a practical approach in quantifying the response of spherical storage vessel with its content when it is subjected to seismic loading. In the finite element method approach, six degrees of freedom per node is used for legs/column of the spherical storage tanks. Lumped mass procedure is employed to determine system mass matrix of the structure. Computer programme code is developed for the resulting matrix equation form finite element analysis of the structure using FORTRAN 90 programming language. The modeling of the seismic load utilizes the ground acceleration curve of a site. From the results of the modal analysis, the system is uncoupled thereby gives way to the application of Newmark’s method. Newmark’s method as one of the widely used time-step approach for the seismic response is applied. The developed programme coding is validated with analytical results (P > 0.5). It shows that the approach in this research work can be successfully used in determine the stability of large spherical storage vessels against seismic loadings when base acceleration spectral of the site are known. This approach gives better results than the static-force approach which gives conservative results. While the approach used in this research treats seismic loads as time event, static-force approach assumed that the full ground force due to seismic motion is applied instantaneously. 1 results 1
- Background: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are generally becoming prevalent in Nigerian higher institutions. Although studies have shown that utilization of ICTs has great potential of ensuring effective delivery in teaching music as well as serve as valuable complimentary resource materials in musical arts educational endeavours, not much is however known about how Nigerian musical arts educators use ICT especially the music related softwares and the individual-level factors that affect ICT use, a gap in blow ledge this study attempted to fill. Materials and Method: A questionnaire was administered to thirty-eight musical arts educators proportionally selected from ten higher institutions in Nigeria offering music with the aim of finding out levels of information technology adoption and utilization, characteristics of ICT use by lecturers, and factors which influence ICT use. Findings: The results show that ICT is used by 94.7% of respondents in the survey. Regular use of ICT was independent of gender and academic rank but varied by institutions. Constraints faced by the music educators include lack of adequate organizational facilitation and lack of skill necessary to use ICT effectively. Other hindrances to ICT use are financial and epileptic electric power supply as well as volume of academics’ workload. Even though use of computers appears high, the potentials of ICTs for facilitating and enhancing music education in Nigeria are still not being fully explored. Conclusions: There is need for formulating educational policies and designing appropriate training and mentoring programs, as well as providing infrastructural support, to help musical arts educators explore the potentials of ICTs to facilitate their job functions. 1 results 1
- Cognitive Ability 1 results 1
- Computer Literacy 1 results 1
- Computer literacy 1 results 1
- Computers enhance the process of understanding when used for teaching and learning. This made the Nigerian Government to introduce computer studies into the basic education curriculum. However, the content and activities in the computer basic curriculum are centred mostly around browsing and clicking and not on programming as many believed that programming is for adults. This study, therefore, developed a Language of Graphics Orientation (LOGO) instructional package and investigated its impact on primary school pupils’ competence in LOGO. It also examined the influence of age, gender, computer literacy and school type on competence in the programme. The study adopted one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A 20-module instructional package was developed based on Kerr’s model of curriculum development. Three hundred and forty-nine pupils aged 5, 6, 7 and 8years and eight computer studies teachers purposively drawn from two private and two public primary schools participated in the study. Five instruments were used: Achievement Test in LOGO (r =0.70), Teachers’ Perception Scale on LOGO, (r = 0.89), Challenges of Package Usage Scale (r =0.72), Utilization Scale for Package (r = 0.75) and Computer Literacy Scale (r = 0.75). Five research questions were answered and five hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance. The LOGO instructional package was validated in a pilot study; results showed that the package had a good face and content validity which was measured in terms of coverage, sequence and appropriateness for the pupils as perceived by their teachers. Teachers’ perception during the process of development in terms of conceptualisation was 0.8, identification of basic objectives 0.7, designing of package 0.7, try-out 0.7, revision 0.7 and teacher training 0.7. The instructional package was appropriate for pupils’ age 1.0, presentation of illustrations 0.9 and content sequence 1.0. The difference in the pupils’ pretest (x = 4.10) and posttest (x = 27.88) competence mean scores in LOGO was significant (t = 53.56; df = 348; p <0.05). There was significant effect of age on pupils competence in LOGO (F(3,345) = 45.94 p 0.05). Pupils aged 8years had highest mean competence score (x = 34.20) followed by those of age 7 (x =29.71), 6 (x = 26.96) and 5 (x = 20.53). There was no significant effect of gender on pupils’ competence. Furthermore, there was significant effect of computer literacy on pupils’ competence (t=8.26 df= 347 p 0.05) in favour of pupils with high level of computer literacy (x = 31.54). There was significant effect of school type on pupils’ competence (t = 8.13 df = 347 p 0.05) with private school pupils obtaining higher mean score (x = 31.56) than public school pupils (x = 24.38). The developed Language of Graphics Orientation instructional package enhanced the competence of primary school pupils in computer programming irrespective of age, computer literacy level and school type. It is therefore recommended that LOGO should be included in computer studies curriculum for primary schools as from age six. 1 results 1
- Development and Utilization of LOGO 1 results 1
- Due to gradual depletion of world petroleum reserves and the environmental pollution of increasing exhaust emissions, there is an urgent need to develop alternative energy resources, such as biodiesel fuel. One way of reducing the biodiesel production costs is to use the less expensive feedstock containing fatty acids such as inedible oils, animal fats, waste food oil and by products of the refining vegetables oils. The fact that Jatropha oil cannot be used for nutritional purposes without detoxification makes its use as energy or fuel source very attractive as biodiesel. Due to its high flash point, Jatropha oil has certain advantages like greater safety during storage, handling, and transport. However, this may create problems during starting. The viscosity of Jatropha oil is less as compared with other vegetable oils but it is higher than diesel. To lower the viscosity and density of Jatropha oil, preheating is necessary prior to pumping. However, additional costs are incurred through heating and heating cost increases with temperature. This suggests the existence of an optimum temperature to which the fluid can be heated at minimum cost. This work is therefore, a study carried out to determine the optimum heating temperature for a given pipe diameter. The study of fluid flow was carried out and modified to incorporate cost concept to produce a mathematical model that predicts the economic heating temperature. The effect of pipe diameter on these temperatures was investigated via a computer code developed in Matlab 7.3 programming language. The result obtained showed that as the pipe diameter increased from 0.042m to 0.062m, the optimum heating temperature is maintained at 30°C. Results of this nature can be utilized in industries where pumping of Jatropha oil as an alternative fuel is sine-qua-non. 1 results 1
- FEM 1 results 1
- FORTRAN 1 results 1
- Information Resources 1 results 1
- Information and communication technology (ICT), Utilization, Awareness. 1 results 1
- Instructional Programme 1 results 1
- It has been established that Nigeria has a food problem especially where protein intake is concerned. The poultry industry has been identified as the quickest means of expanding protein supply and lowering its cost within the short run (10-12 weeks for broilers). However, feeds account for 65-75 percent of the total costs of production. Moreover, the numerous problems facing the feed industry coupled with the poor quality of feeds produced have greatly limited the profitability and rapid expansion of the industry. The linear programming (L.P.) tool was utilized to formulate least-cost diets which made use of locally available ingredients. The scarcity and rising costs of the grains (maize and guinea-corn) which provide over 60 percent by weight of broiler feeds prompted the use of cassava flour as an energy providing Substitute. Feeding trials were carried out to test the efficiency of the least-cost diets. The objectives of the study are (1) To use L. P tool to formulate different least-cost rations which meet specific nutritional specifications for broilers, using readily available feed ingredients. Cassava and soya-bean are being tested as energy and protein providing substitutes respectively. (2) To compare the least-cost formulated diets with the diets used by some commercial farms. (3) To find the optimum killing age/weight. (4) To find the rate of Substitution of cassava flour for maize and guinea-corn in the ration for broilers. (5) To determine the economics of using different levels of cassava flour in the rations for broilers. Experimental results showed that starter diets with 24 percent Protein and 5 percent fibre level were better than those with 26 percent protein and 3 percent fib re levels. The computerised starter and finisher diets tested were cheaper and were found to perform better than the commercial diets. For the cassava based diets, analysis of the experimental results showed significant (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, differences in Feed Conversion Efficiency (F.C.E.) in both starter and finisher diets in which guinea- corn and maize were replaced. For weight gain, significant (P 0.01) differences were found only in Starter and finisher diets in which cassava replaced maize. For feed intake, significant differences (P < 0.0l) occurred only in Starter diets in which cassava replaced maize. The diets that caused significant differences were those in which the cassava contents were very high (25-40 percent) and they performed poorest. Even though growth is suppressed due to reduced feed intake caused by the powdery nature of the feeds, it is pertinent to note that diets with 40 percent cassava are still highly tolerable to the birds. Analysis of the weight response as cassava level increases showed that the decrease in weight gain was more rapid when cassava was being substituted for by maize rather than by guinea-corn. This could be attributed to the availability of nutrients or the amino-acid balance of the guinea-corn based diets. Carcass qualities of the birds were not taken into consideration because they are not highly rated in this society. The diets were further investigated to see how the nutrients contents and energy-based ingredients influenced performance, using the multiple linear regression model. The square root and quadratic functions were fitted but the quadratic forms gave the lead equations using the laid down criteria. Feed, protein, energy and the amino-acids intakes proved to be significant explanatory variables for the live- weight gain in the birds. Marginal Analysis was performed on some selected functions. The elasticity of production for energy and protein showed increasing returns to scale in the Starter and finisher diets at the mean value of inputs. As higher levels of inputs are used, diminishing returns is likely to set in. The elasticity of Substitution exhibits a unitary one also at the mean value of inputs. A percentage increase in the energy content of the feed results in an equal percentage decrease in the protein level of the diet. The extent of substitution is limited by the requirement of the birds. Optimum quantities of the energy-based ingredients to produce the Optimum broiler weight gain were determined. Production surfaces, isoquants and isoclines were produced for selected functions of the energy-based ingredients. The rate of Substitution between guinea-com/cassava and maize/cassava were found to be declining with increasing level of output as more of cassava and less of maize or guinea-corn are used. Estimates of revenue over feed costs for the various diets were computed. It was discovered that non-significant differences between diet without cassava was not synonymous with equal revenue yielding diets. In general, the computerised diets without cassava gave higher revenue than the commercial diets. For the diets in which cassava replaced the grains, the revenue accruing to the farmer decreased as the percentage cassava content increased. The revenue from guinea-corn diets were however higher than in the maize diets. Diets with 10 percent cassava had higher or equal revenue with the commercial diets. Diets with higher cassava levels were costlier because cassava is costlier than the grains. It is however envisaged that prices of cassava may fall in the near future because of increases in production. Revenue from the diets was therefore obtained using varying costs of diets as cassava price varies. When cassava was made to assume the same price with guinea-corn, all the computarised diets except that with 30 percent cassava level had higher revenues than the commercial diets. The revenue increased as the cassava prices were reduced but the diets with 30 percent cassava gave the lowest revenue all the time. Optimum killing age determined suggested that broilers be sold at eleven weeks for most of the diets except those in which five and 10 percent cassava replaced guinea-corn. The implications of this study are that efforts to improve returns — poultry farmers must be focused on the cost and quality of feeds. Particular attention must be paid to cheap sources of protein, carbohydrate and oils. There is a very high potential for the use of cassava if its adoption becomes a reality in the future. Further investigations are necessary in testing the least-cost diets with the existing various breeds of broilers. Comparison can also be made of the use of soya-bean and groundnut cake as a protein providing ingredient in broiler diets. 1 results 1
- LNG 1 results 1
- Library 1 results 1
- Newmark 1 results 1
- Open Distance Learning 1 results 1
- Pre-service Teachers 1 results 1
- Seismic 1 results 1
- Senior Officers 1 results 1
- Teacher certification is a core concern for educational planners and employers of labour in Nigeria with the adoption of the National policy on education in 1981 that made the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE), least teaching qualification. Employers have sought ways of improving teacher qualifications while planners have sought ways of increasing teacher production to meet rising demands. Distance education adopted by the University of Ibadan utilizes Information Communication Technology (Computers, laptops, smartphones and the internet). Distance education adopts high computer literacy skills to ensure students competence in their studies. This paper investigated computer literacy levels among pre-service teachers in the University of Ibadan ODL using the survey research design. The study population consisted of students in the 8 Departments of the Faculty of Education involved in the ODL using the disproportionate stratified random sampling technique to select 500 respondents. A researcher developed instrument 'Pre-service Teachers Computer Literacy Level Assessment Questionnaire (PTCLLAQ r=0.85) was adopted for the study. Findings indicated that a significant positive relationship r=0.025; p<0.05 existed between computer literacy level and ODL programme at the University hence the study recommended that the centre should find ways to sustain the current trend. 1 results 1
- The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of cognitive ability, accessibility and utilisation of library information resources on administrative effectiveness of senior officers in local governments in Ibadan metropolis. Total enumeration was used for the study because of the small size of the population of the senior officers in eleven local government areas in Ibadan metropolis. A total sample size of 234 was used. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analysed using frequency distribution and regression analysis run on Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS).The findings revealed that respondents generally have access to information resources.Larger proportion of the senior officers 161(73.2%) affirmed that local government authority organised training programme for effective administration. The most potent factors was types of information utilized (a = .484, p<0.05) followed by accessibility to information (a = 0.302, p<05), cognitive ability of Senior Officer ((a = 0.19, p < 0.05) and sources of information utilization (a= 0.086, p < 0.05). Correlation between administrative effectiveness of senior officers is also significant (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) while limited number of computers 115(52.3%), poor power supply 125(56.8%), unavailability of resource 136(61.8%) and lack of funds 102(46.4%>) were the major problems hindering administrative effectiveness.The study concluded that library and information professionals should know more about how senior officers in local government make use of information resources for effective administration and to guide the provision of information services in local governments. 1 results 1
- The paper presents a productivity model with an inflation component based on an established productivity measurement theory. The motivation for writing this paper is the need for conflict resolution at the implementation of productivity incentive programs. A common complaint from trade unions and organizations is that productivity is inaccurately assessed when the traditional input-output approach is utilized. The support for this argument is that a general rise in prices of materials utilized for production activities, without corresponding added values to the materials takes away the work group productivity efforts. This does not reveal the true measure of productivity. From the results obtained, there is a significant difference between the values obtained when the traditional productivity formula is used to compute the performance of a work group compared with the formula proposed in this work. This may be a strong point and a justification for the trade union argument. The limitation of the study is the difficulty that exists in monitoring the inflation values of the multiple products utilized as inputs into the production activities. For computational activities, a factor is chosen. The novelty of the model could be traced to the fact that it is the first time that such an approach and a systematic analysis would be made through the incorporation of the inflation factor into the productivity models. 1 results 1
- The quality of Nigerian graduates has continued to be a major concern to stakeholders in education. The prevalence of half baked graduates from tertiary institutions in Nigeria has led to astronomical increase in the unemployed graduates in the society. In order to curb the menace of unemployment among graduates in Nigeria, some tertiary institutions have integrated the teaching and learning of vocational and entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme into their regular academic programme. This study investigated tutors and trainees' perception of the effectiveness of the vocational and entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme in Ogun State tertiary institutions. The subjects of the study included trainees and vocational tutors. 534 randomly selected trainees and 58 tutors from two tertiary institutions in Ogun State who offer vocational and entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme were used for the study. The study utilizes questionnaires and a rating scale as instruments to gather data from the trainees and tutors. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, standard deviation and t-test). The study revealed that financial resources disbursed for the effectiveness of the programme were found to be moderately adequate and utilized. It was also revealed that there is a statistical significant difference in trainees' skill acquisition in computer-science/maintenance, livestock poultry management and fashion designing since the inception of the programme. However, the study revealed that the human resources available for the programme are not adequate. Some of the recommendations made were that more tutors and non-teaching staff should be employed, faulty or worn-out facilities/equipment should be repaired or replaced and financial resources allocated to the vocational department should be reviewed upward and monitored to ensure purposeful and judicious use of such. 1 results 1
- The studies were designed to collect baseline information to form essential data base for effective planning and subsequent evaluation of guineaworm control programme in Oyo State. In order to establish the epidemiology of dracunculiasis and assess the impact of the disease on the economic life of the affected population, pretested questionnaire data sheets were administered to 2,415 individuals and 257 heads of household in eight different villages in Oyo State. The data analysis was done by using analysis of variance and coefficient of determination and multiple range tests, using the IBM computer, utilizing the SPSSH package. The survey of concurrent parasitic diseases was carried out in one village by examining faecal and blood samples of 287 individuals. The antibiogram and profile of bacteria associated with secondary infection was determined. Simple methods of chemical, biological and physical control of guineaworm vector under laboratory conditions were described. Of 2,415 individuals examined in eight villages of Oyo State in 1988, 76.9 per cent had history of dracunculiasis while the infection rate at the time of study was 47.9 per cent. There was no significant difference in the infection rate between the sexes. However, the risk of infection increased with age. Infection occurs at any age above 1 year and reinfection is common, indicating that on clinical grounds, no protective immunity is developed after infection. There was a general awareness by individuals that they were infected before the formation of the guineaworm bleb. Mean percentage of 18.9 ± 1 had the sympoms in 1 day. The sites of guineaworm emergence differ significantly for each victim (P < 0.05), and no anatomical part of the body was apparently exempted with regard to worm emergence. Majority of the affected people (a mean per cent of 54 ± 6.7) became clinically ill in the dry season; and also a mean per cent of 54.3 ± 2.3 suffered severe infection. 5 - 8 weeks was the most frequently occuring period of incapacitation. 54.5% of the victims had no form of assistance on the farm during the period of incapacitation. Majority of the heads of household held various wrong beliefs of causes and prevention of the diesease. 82 ± 3.6 per cent attributed the cause of guineaworm to the act of God and that there was no remedy for it. Only 6.53 per cent treated the drinking water before consumption. The disease has an adverse impact on agriculture, while an average of 20 - 41 per cent of the pupils were absent from school with attendant poor academic performances. Of 487 samples examined for concurrent parasitic disease 278 (57.1 per cent) were infected with one parasitic disease or the other: Ascariasis (43.7%), hook-worm disease (27.1%), strongyloidiasis (2.5%), trichuriasis (31%), Entamoeba histolvtical infection (3.9%) and plasmodiasis (43.7%). The haematocrit value of the individuals in the community was generally low (26 - 30%) whilst eosinophilia was a common feature. The health implication was discussed. Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were common bacterial agents isolated from guinea worm ulcers. The phage types of Staph, aureus (the commonest agents) isolated were resistant to both penicilline and tetracycline. The epidemiological importance of the various phage types was discussed. The ecology of the environment where the copepod intermediate hosts breed and transmit racunculiasis was described and discussed. Cyclopoid copepods died within 60 minutes when the ironment was manipulated to 24.6mg/l. oxidizable organic matter concentration from the natural average value of 12.5mg/l. It was shown that cyclopoid copepods became inactive at 4 - 6°C in 4 hours and later regained activity in 15 minutes at room temperature. The study showed that ponds in a study area had the highest density of cylops in November/December (1988) and lowest density in July/August (1988) with natural cyclops infection rate of 6.5% at the peak of transmission. It was also shown that the concentration of cyclops was greatest when water was drawn at the time the pond water was still and undisturbed, especially with the first caller at the pond, with attendant higher risk of infection. The study also revealed that population mobility occasioned by marriage, socio-cultural and economic life of the people contributed to the diffusion and control of the disease. A variety of chemicals found in natrual waters, or used in the treatment of water were added to pond water and their effects on the survival of the cyclopoid copepods were assessed. The possible use of such chemicals as calcium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, lime, etc., in individual houses as a preventive measure against the transmission of the disease was discussed. Furthermore, the study revealed that indigenous fishes like Hemicromis fasciatus. Barbus occidentalis. Tilapia nilotica and T. galilea; were very useful biological control agents of the vector of Dracunculus. It is believed that provision of safe drinking water and good health education with active case search to monitor the intervention programme will reduce the disease prevalence. 1 results 1
- This paper assesses the level of awareness and extent of utilisation of information and communication tools by library personnel in the Nimbe Adedipe Library, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State. It investigates the pattern of usage, the perceived benefit and constrains of ICT tools utilization in the library. A researcher- designed structured questionnaire and interview was used to gather data. The sample population consisted of 42 library personnel drawn from the main campus library, college libraries and mini campus library of FUNAAB. Five research questions were raised and the findings revealed that librarians in the study have a sound awareness about the importance of ICT in their libraries. The reasons may include an understanding of the benefits of ICT. The results revealed further that librarian training and knowledge of ICT influenced their attitudes toward it. Low bandwidth and poor connectivity constituted problems to effective utilisation of ICT. The study concludes that the Use of ICT has come to stay in Nigerian University libraries and strongly recommends automation and Internet connectivity in libraries with corresponding training programmer to enable librarians acquire adequate skills and knowledge of computer potentials for the provision of high quality library services, especially in the areas of research and teaching. It was further recommended that Adequate and functional ICT tools should be made available at the library so as to facilitate effective service delivery at the library. 1 results 1
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