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ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF FISHING AMONG MARINE AND LAGOON ARTISANAL FISHERFOLKS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
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Economic Growth, Income Redistribution and Poverty Reduction in Rural Nigeria
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LEAST-COST RATIGNS FOR BROILERS - A LINEAR PROGRAMMING APFROACH
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 4 results 4
- Floristic structure 2 results 2
- Poverty reduction 2 results 2
- Rural 2 results 2
- This paper examined vulnerability to poverty of households among rural households in South West Nigeria using primary data from a two-wave panel survey (lean versus harvesting periods). Results showed that on the average there is a 0.56 probability of entering poverty a period ahead in the region and relatively high poverty rates were associated with much higher vulnerability while low poverty rates were associated with considerably low vulnerability. Vulnerable households are mostly large sized with high number of dependants and characterized by under aged or old, female headed, widowed household heads. They are mostly engaged in farming as their primary occupation, have no or low educational attainment and are landless. The findings underscore the centrality of social protection policy mechanisms as potent poverty reduction tools and necessary policy interventions to reduce consumption variability through reducing exposure to risk or improving the ex post coping mechanisms of the vulnerable. 2 results 2
- Vulnerability profile 2 results 2
- agroforestry 2 results 2
- land use 2 results 2
- "Crop commercialization by smallholder farmers in Nigeria is virtually non-existent due to a range of constraints, thereby affecting the income status of the farmers. This study investigated the effect of agricultural crop commercialization on household income in Oyo state, Nigeria. Data was collected through the use of questionnaires administered to 203 cassava farmersusing a multistage sampling technique. Data collected included demographic characteristics of respondents, cassava production, sales volume and prices analyses carried out on the data were descriptive statistics, Household Commercialization Index (HCl), ordinary least Square regression and probit regression model. The results reveals that majority of the respondents (84.7%) were male. The average age of the farmers was 45 years while the average household size is 6 members. The results of household commercialization index showed that 97% of the crops by the farmers were commercialized the average household commercialization index was 0.9.Regression analysis of determinants of agricultural commercialization revealed three significant variables, namely:(gender (p<0.0I) (β =0.3808)), education (p<0.0l) (β= 0.0529)) and farm size (p<0.0I)β=0.3751)). Analysis of the effect of commercialization on household income revealed four significant variables, which are gender, education, total cassava produced and farm size. The major constraints to full commercialization as ranked in order of importance to the farmers in the study area are: poor road, credit inaccessibility, unattractive market prices, and transaction bottleneck. These findings demonstrated the' need to strengthen policies that encourage effective integrated marketing information, guaranteed market for farm produce, rehabilitation of rural roads and accessibility to credit, ensuring full commercialization. " 1 results 1
- "Regression model was used to analyse the volume of maize offered to the market for sale. The result of the Tobit model correctly predicted 67% of the observation with a significant chi square of 52.93 and it shows the overall significance of the model. All variables had positive coefficients significantly differ from zero except years of education, transaction cost, marital status and household size. This means that a unit increase in the quantity of these variables will increase the proportion of maize offered for sale by the respondents. The, result of the regression model also showed that R -Square and adjusted R-Square are respectively 5 % and 90% with a significant overall fit. Volume of maize sold by individual respondents was used as the dependent variable. Total maize produced (p<O.01), age (p<0.05), years of education (p<O.10), ownership of cultivating equipments (p<O.OI), access to non farm income (p<0.05), and belonging to farmers' association (p<0.0l ), means of information (p<0.1O), all had a significant and positive relationship with the volume of sales, this' suggests that an increase in any of these variables will lead to an increase in the volume of maize offered for sale while marital status (p<0.05), -and transportation cost (p<0.05), had a negative and significant relationship with the volume of maize sold and this is in line with the a priori expectation. The study recommends that effort should be made at establishing more points of sales in farming areas in order to lower transportatic Costs to promote market participation and youths should be encouraged to participate in agricultural production and consequently market participation so as to inject new blood into the system. " 1 results 1
- A top-bottom approach where local problems are treated in isolation has proven ineffective in achieving sustainable development. The need for inclusive approaches to managing the demand for arable lands, forest resources, and the problems of resource exploitation and climate change calls for local understanding of these elements’ interrelationship. Understanding the interrelationships among climate change, agriculture, and the ecosystems in different agroecological zones in Nigeria was the purpose of this chapter. Deforestation and forest degradation analysis approach was utilized. One state and two forest communities from each of the rainforest, savannah, and mangrove agroecological zones were purposively focused in this chapter based on forest distribution and cover. Focus group discussions involving 252 male and female farmers using 30 years as reference were used to garner relevant information. Climate variation caused a slight modification in cropping schedules of farmers due to prolonged dry season, mainly in the savannah region. Farmers engaged in mixed farming and also cultivate more hardy crops like cassava in response to climate uncertainties. Especially in the mangrove and savannah, ecosystem components such as agriculture and population showed increasing trends over the years as forest cover reduces. Downward trend in charcoal production was limited to mangrove and rainforest zones as fishing and hunting becomes vulnerable livelihoods across the zones. The degree and progression of climate change effects on the ecosystem in Nigeria agroecological zones is largely comparable and have both desirable and adverse livelihood outcomes. Affordable insurance policy, credit, agri-inputs, favorable forest regulatory framework, and youth empowerment supports would enhance sustainable adjustment to climate change. 1 results 1
- Adoption of yield increasing technologies among farming households is one way of reducing poverty and food insecurity. In Nigeria, Root and Tuber Expansion Programme (RTEP) was implemented to develop improved technology of root and tuber crops. However, the impact of RTEP technology on poverty and food security has not been fully established. Therefore, the effect of RTEP technology on poverty and food security status of cassava-farming households in southwestern Nigeria was investigated. Ondo and Ogun states were randomly selected from the six states in southwestern Nigeria. Two RTEP participating and two Non-RTEP participating Local Government Areas (LGAs) were randomly chosen from each state. Three communities were randomly selected from each of the LGAs. In each RTEP community, 30 households were randomly selected (beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries) while 15 households were randomly selected from each Non-RTEP community making 540 respondents. Data were collected on age, gender, Household Size (HS), Land Area Cultivated (LAC), technology adoption, Credit Accessibility (CA), Educational Level (EL), Off-farm Activities Participation (OAP), Cassava Yield (CY), Distance to Input Market (DIM) and Household Consumption Expenditure (HCE) using structured questionnaire. The HCE was used to estimate Poverty Incidence (PI) and Food Insecurity Incidence (FII) while other variables were hypothesized to influence Adoption Level (AL) of RTEP technology. Data were analyzed using propensity score matching, descriptive statistics, Foster-Greer-Thorbecke and Tobit regression model at p = 0.05. There were 387 RTEP and Non-RTEP households with similar characteristics. Age (44.3 ± 10.1 years), HS (6.0 ± 2.0) and LAC (1.0 ± 0.4 hectares) of the beneficiaries were not significantly different from those of the non-beneficiaries. The AL of RTEP technology was 76.01%. Cassava yield of RTEP Beneficiaries (RTEPB) was 14.56 ± 1.27 tons/ha. Gender, OAP, CA and EL significantly increased AL by 13.8%, 15.8%, 4.7% and 17.6% respectively while DIM decreased AL by 1.8%. At poverty and food insecurity lines of ₦34,473.00 and ₦20,132.20 respectively per annum, 55.0% RTEPB were poor while 51.3% were food insecure. The RTEP technology adoption reduced PI of RTEPB by 11.2%. The PI of the male beneficiaries reduced by 12.6% compared with 5.6% for female. The PI of RTEPB with CA reduced by 11.8% compared with 5.2% for those without CA. The PI decreased by 14.1% for RTEPB with OAP while the reduction was 8.2% for those without off-farm activity. The FII decreased by 16.3% with male RTEPB having higher reduction of 17.8% compared with female of 8.0%. The FII of the beneficiaries with CA decreased by 20.9% while the reduction was 9.8% for those without CA. The decrease in FII was 17.45% for RTEPB with OAP compared to 9.4% for those not participating. Root and Tuber Expansion Programme technology alleviated both poverty and food insecurity status of beneficiaries especially among males, those with credit accessibility and off-farm activity participation in southwestern Nigeria. 1 results 1
- Against the background that domestic policies in Nigeria have been linked to an endemic - high, volatile and rising food prices in the country, this paper empirically examined the transmission of key monetary policy variables to domestic food prices in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study employed estimates of policy induced price changes from estimated cointegrating relations between commodity prices and policy variables, and demand elasticities from a system of household demand equations to estimate the associated compensating variation as a measure of the welfare impacts on farm households. The study found that government management of exchange rates and money supplies as well as withdrawal of subsidies from petroleum products have been the main driver of rising food prices in the country. While an average farmer was found to have benefited from the policy induced rising food prices with the mean compensated variation of -3.3% of the household budget, most of the farm households ended up being losers. The gainers were mostly owners of the relatively few large farms (-36.9%) including the commercial livestock farms (-38.9%), rice farm (-35.0%), and fish farms (-27.8%). Smallholders, which constituted about three-quarter of the farm households, lost on the average, about 8.1% of their purchasing power to the rising food prices, with female headed households also loosing 6.6% of their purchasing power. 1 results 1
- Agricultural news and News coverage 1 results 1
- Agriculture a most significant land use types which alter natural ecosystem dynamics. Arable farming exerts much pressure on plant biodiversity, especially when practiced intensively in urban centers. There is dearth of information on floristic changes due to intensive arable farming in urban agroecosystems in developing countries. The study therefore assessed floristic changes resulting from and intensive farming practices at Ajibode-Sasa agricultural landscape. Ajibode-Sasa agroecosystem is a complex mix of arable cropping system between latitude N07°28′, E003°53′ and longitude N07°28′, E003°54. Comparative floristic surveys were conducted in 2016 and 2020 using quadrats (1 m2) systematically laid on 18 Transects ranging from 50 – 250 m long. A total of 224 and 184 quadrats were laid in 2016 and 2020 respectively. Reduction in numbers of quadrats laid resulted from physical anthropogenic development after the 2016 survey. Species identification followed standard procedures, and quantitative occurrence data were collected for determination of species composition and computation of relative importance values (RIV) and diversity indices. Land-use changes over four years period was determined using Google earth and QGIS. Herbacous plant composition with 123 cumulative number of species in both years reduced from 98 species in 2016 to 85 species in 2020 species RIV of species ranged from 0.038 – 14.803. Tridax procumbens had the highest RIV (14.803) in 2016, while it was Acmella brachyglossa (13.248) 2020. Species richness and floral diversity was high with Shannon-Weiner Index (3.081 and 3.088) and Dominance (0.09388 and 0.08746) in 2016 and 2020 respectively. Intensive cultivation favoured introduction and spread of invasive species like Tridax procumbens and Tithonia diversifolia. Eight introduced and invasive species were newly enumerated in 2020, with a total of 38 herbaceous species no longer encountered in 2020. Concerted efforts should be made to conserve native flora on the agroecosystem through sustainable practices like crop rotation and short fallow. 1 results 1
- Agro-ecological zones 1 results 1
- Agroforestry practices 1 results 1
- Although an essential but scarce resource, money is constantly required for the purchase of raw materials necessary for a continued production of livestock feeds. Improper management of available capital can lead to stoppage of production activities, low productivity and loss of customers’ good will. Therefore, there is the need to manage effectively the little capital available. This study was aimed at developing and solving a model that can determine the procurement order for raw materials considering the liquid capital constraint. An animal feed firm was investigated and data on materials (bill, quantity ratio, cost); products list; supplier’s list; product demand; liquid capital available and the available lead time amongst others were collected by means of interviews, observations and existing records. These were thereafter analysed to form the required parameters. A multi-objective optimization model was developed using linear programming technique as a tool for procurement order of materials in the firm and solved using two different soft wares (Tora 1.0 and Lingo 14.0). Selection of suppliers was based on payment term. 6 products, 13 materials, 7 suppliers, 2 days and ₦138,856 were obtained from the bill of materials, suppliers list, available lead time and liquid capital available respectively. A total weekly demand of 22,600kg of product was also obtained from the product demand. A total of 205 parameters were obtained from the analysed data. The developed model exhibited 3 objective functions (maximize profit on all products, minimize waiting time for all raw materials and minimize the total cost of raw material), 32 variables (Q1...q1) and 78 constraints (t1 ≤ 0.28… t13 ≥ 0). Same optimal values (0, 0, … and 0.55) were obtained from the use of Lingo 14.0 and Tora 1.0. Moreover, 211.97₦kg was realised as the optimum value for the objective function. The supplier IBM, with the most flexible payment term was selected to supply nine out of the 13 materials. The developed model will be useful in ensuring effective management of the available liquid capital for material procurement, thereby eliminating the stoppage of production activities, improving productivity and ensuring customers’ good will. 1 results 1
- Although urbanization may be increasing globally, over 75.0% of Nigerian populations are still living in rural areas. Extensive rainfed farming used to sustain this population is limited by loss of forest biodiversity, climate change and exposure of fragile soil. This study reports the socio-economic background of Edo State forests environments dwellers in relation to their land use activities with a view to positively harnessing the synergy of the two variables for improving human livelihood and by extension sustainable forest management. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select 296 rural dwellers in settlements within and around three forest reserves: Ehor, Okomu, and Sakpoba. Information obtained was subjected to descriptive and chi-square test statistics at p = 0.05. Results revealed that the most popular land use activity within the forest reserves is farming (94.9%). A majority of the respondents practice mixed cropping with multiple choices of major crops through the taungya5 system. Socio economic status of rural dwellers affect their awareness of forest reserves, consent to use of forest reserves, willingness to plant trees on farm land and exploitation of forest resources. While participatory management of the reserves is expected to impact the economy of the study area, awareness of and exploitation of forest reserves as well as willingness to plant trees will on the whole influence the participation of rural dwellers in the management of the reserves. 1 results 1
- Arable farming 1 results 1
- Artisanal Fisheries 1 results 1
- Biodiversity 1 results 1
- Bird diversity 1 results 1
- Broiler starters, dietary methionine, performance 1 results 1
- Cassava 1 results 1
- Cassava, Household income, Smallholder farmers, Household Commercialization Index 1 results 1
- Cassava-farming households 1 results 1
- Climate change 1 results 1
- Climate fluctuation is foretold to have unfavourable impact on the agriculture of the poorer parts of the world, especially the developing countries like Nigeria. In Nigeria, crop productions are mostly low-technology based, and therefore seriously sensitive to environmental factors. Climate variability is setting Nigeria’s agricultural system under unspeakable stress and threat. Research on the impact of climate variability on agricultural outputs is necessary because of its effects in changing standards of living trends in the nation. Descriptive statistics (tables) and co-integration analysis are the methods used to analyze the data explored in this research. The findings demonstrate that the rate of agricultural output (maize and rice) is fluctuating from 1971 to 2009. There were changes in the patterns of rainfall and relative humidity. Sunshine and temperature were not consistently steady also. The results indicate that all variables were stationary at their level. When the Augmented Dickey – Fuller (ADF) test was applied on their first difference terms, they were stationary. The results show that all variables included are integrated of order 1, which is 1(1). After assessing the univariate time – series attributes of the individual data series, then we turned to the next stage in the current system of estimation, that is the test for co-integration (necessary condition for the specification of error correction model). The results showed that changes in maize output were jointly explained by maize farm gate price, relative humidity, one-year lagged maize output, one-year lagged maize farm gate price and one-year lagged relative humidity. Changes in rice output were jointly explained by rice farm gate price, rainfall, temperature, one-year lagged rice output and one-year lagged rice farm gate price. Therefore, if agricultural output is to be increasingly sustained, agricultural methods that are resilient to climate fluctuations are needed, as are methods to mitigate the impact of climate variability in each agricultural zone. 1 results 1
- Commercialization, 1 results 1
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