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Ethnic and political dynamics of poverty, employment, and wages in Kenya by Magero, Joshua
Published 2025“…Although it is widely accepted that observed economic wellbeing differentials can be attributed to a myriad of factors spanning geographical climate, economic factors, socio-cultural, and colonial historical impacts, it has been argued equally that the observed disparities in Kenya might have been shaped by the continued entrenchment of discriminatory policies by the successive post-independence regimes. …”
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 8 results 8
- Family integration 3 results 3
- Palliative care 3 results 3
- Psychosocial supports 3 results 3
- Terminally ill patients 3 results 3
- Adolescent pregnancy 2 results 2
- Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem on the increase in Nigeria. Few studies have investigated the circumstances and factors associated with parental decisions taken following an adolescent pregnancy, in spite of the implications of these on the adolescent. This study was designed to assess factors influencing parents’/guardians’ decisions on adolescent pregnancy. A mixed method study involving the use of Key Informant Interviews (KII) and semi-structured interview was conducted. A four-stage sampling technique was used to select 261 and 244 respondents from Omi-Adio (rural) and Apata (urban) communities respectively. KII were conducted with twelve parents; (six each from urban and rural settings) who has had personal experiences of a pregnant adolescent. Descriptive and Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used for data analysis and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The UK Registrar general’s classification of occupation and socioeconomic status was used. Mean age of respondents from rural and urban communities were 50+9.4 years and 48+10.1 years respectively. Fifty-five percent of urban and 30.1% of rural respondents had tertiary education. More rural (70.3%) than urban respondents (35.4%) were in the low socioeconomic group. More rural (91.9%) than urban dwellers (88.9%) supported keeping an adolescent pregnancy. More urban (93.4%) than rural (76.3%) dwellers were of the view that an adolescent should continue school after delivery (p<0.05) while 25% of rural respondents and 18.0% of urban respondents mentioned that a pregnant adolescent be married to the person responsible for the pregnancy (p<0.05). Personal experience of adolescent pregnancy occurred in 17.2% and 16.4% of rural and urban respondents respectively. Adolescent pregnancy occurred in children and relations of respondents. Among rural respondents, the pregnant adolescents were either the respondents’ younger sibling (51.1%) or child (48.9%). In the urban area the pregnant adolescents were the respondents’ younger sibling (75.0%), child (20.0%) or the respondent/ his spouse (5%). More urban (85%) than rural respondents (60%) decided to keep the pregnancy (p<0.05). The decision to keep the pregnancy was mainly attributed to religious beliefs among the rural respondents (68%) and health reasons among their urban counterparts (76.5%). Urban dwellers were 5 times more likely to decide to keep the pregnancy than rural respondents (OR = 5.48, 95%CI = 1.71 - 17.59). Respondents in the high socio-economic group were less likely to decide to keep the pregnancy (OR = 0.20, 95% CI=0.06-0.65). The initial reactions of the key informant interviewees to discovery of pregnancy were disappointment. In the urban area, very few pregnant adolescents were said to have continued schooling till delivery and many of them resumed school thereafter while in the rural area, they all dropped out of school. Place of residence, socio-economic status and religion were key factors influencing decision to keep adolescent pregnancy with urban dwellers more favourably disposed than rural dwellers. Intervention programmes thus need to target those in rural areas to change their views regarding keeping of adolescent pregnancies and encouraging re-integration of adolescents that get pregnant. 2 results 2
- Assistive technology 2 results 2
- Broadcast Storm 2 results 2
- Broadcasting 2 results 2
- Counter-Based Scheme 2 results 2
- Female sex workers 2 results 2
- Flooding 2 results 2
- Governance 2 results 2
- Hearing impairment 2 results 2
- Information Sourcing 2 results 2
- Information Technology 2 results 2
- MANET 2 results 2
- Parental Decision 2 results 2
- Pregnancy acceptance 2 results 2
- Prevalence 2 results 2
- The use of arbitration in commercial transactions is a vital and important aspect of every commercial agreement. This is due to the advantages of arbitration over the regular court adjudicatory process. The problem is no matter how good and impeccable the arbitral process is the law still requires that arbitral award be recognized for enforcement by the court. This paper assessed the procedure for the enforcement of arbitral domestic awards in Nigerian High Courts, examined the different forms as provided in the rules, particularly the use of Motion on Notice and Originating Summons for enforcement of arbitral award, whether these procedural forms of application are adapted or suitable for enforcement of arbitral awards or whether there should be a more flexible mode of enforcing an award and concluded that the procedures are not adequate, and totally at variance with current international standards. The paper also makes recommendation for reforms. 2 results 2
- This paper defined and solved the machine set-up problem as a combinattorial optimization problem. Based on this, a PC based software for solving the machine set-up problem was developed and adapted for an easy-to learn-apply in a University Production Engineering workshop situation. The system stores pertient data and has features for determining the optimal sequence of production and relevant information for operator's quick manual setting-up of machine. This approach to managing the workshop was compared to the exisitng approach of selecting parts randomly. The innovation was found to improve perfomance between 23 to 55%. 2 results 2
- University Libraries 2 results 2
- Violence 2 results 2
- Violence against women (VAW) is a major public health problem affecting women globally. In addition to causing injuries and eroding women’s self esteem, violence increases the risk of reproductive health problems. However, only little is known about the magnitude and determinants of violence in female sex workers (FSWs) in Nigeria. This study assessed the prevalence and the risk factors that contribute to violence against FSWs in Abuja A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted. Three hundred and five brothel-based FSWs were selected using stratified random sampling and proportional allocation techniques. One hundred and ten FSWs from the high, 63 from the middle and 132 from the low income areas were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Information on occurrence of violence and predisposing factors was obtained from the respondents. In-depth interviews were conducted on 10 FSWs to obtain better insight into their recent experiences of violence. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis. Mean age of the respondents was 27+5.7 years. Seventy five percent had at least secondary education and majority (69.5%) were single. The prevalence of violence experienced by FSWs in the last six months was 52.8% of which 61% had been abused between once and thrice at some point in their lives. The forms of violence experienced among respondents included physical (38.7%), sexual (43.3%), psychological (32.5%) and economic (29.2%). The main perpetrators of violence were clients (47.5%), brothel managers/ owners (38.2%), local thugs (8.0%) and police men (4.0%). Bi-variate analysis showed that respondents below 30 years were less prone to physical violence than their older counterparts (P-value= 0.00). FSWs from who never attended school experienced sexual violence than those who ever attended school (p-value= 0.02). The FSWs with no formal education and those with over 10 years work experience in the sex industry were at a higher risk of psychological violence than those with formal education and with less than 10 years work experience (OR=2.6, 95% C.I= 1.37-5.08 and OR=2.3, 95%CI=1.26-4.31 respectively). Respondents with over 10 years experience in sex work were more vulnerable to economic violence than those with less than 10 years sex work experience (OR=1.9, 95%CI=1.01-3.52). Major health consequences reported were physical injury (14.1%), HIV infection (4.3%) and 10.5% reported ever had STI. Sixty percent accessed services at health facilities while 29.3% used traditional healing homes after they experienced violence. The results from the in-depth interviews showed that violence was a common experience among the respondents with clients and policemen being the main perpetrators. The prevalence of violence against FSWs in Abuja was high. Therefore, there is need to educate FSWs on their sexual rights and how to protect themselves from violence. In addition, FSWs require educational and economic empowerment to enable them move on to other more socially acceptable vocations. 2 results 2
- "Simulation of reliable solutions of nonlinear engineering problems by means of stable numerical algorithms is a frequent and acceptable practice. This study focuses the development and investigation of Runge-Kutta coefficients dependent stability polynomial for the second, third and fourth orders Runge-Kutta schemes. The development utilized matrix inversion operation procedure that involves determinant and cofactors computation of relevant matrix. The validation was made referencing the standard result of [1] and extended to several cases. The resulting polynom ials obtained consist of combination of the scheme coefficients with increasing power of time step that follows a rhyme pattern.The validation test case result agreed perfectly with test standard result. Selected studied version of different schemes shows wide variation in the shape of stability curve and region bounded. It is interesting to note that the popular second, third and•fourth order schemes have stability curve that bounded larger region than their respective counterpart. It is concluded that the study results can be utilized as reliable platform for stability analysis for different versions of the second, third and fourth order schemes. " 1 results 1
- A total of 100 sows involving seven pure and crossbred genotypes of the Large White, Landrace, indigenous pigs of Nigeria and the Duroc x Large White, Duroc x Landrace and reciprocal crosses between the Large White and Landrace were used. The study embraced the milk production, milk composition and the performances of both sows and their litters. Results obtained indicate that milk production was quite low with the average eight week production of 73.99 kg of the indigenous sow to 153.21 kg of the Duroc x Large White crosses. However, percentage milk constituents were quite high with values of 19-23%, total solids, 7 - 9.2% fat, 6.9 - 7.5% protein, 4.6 - 6.0% Lactose, 0.7 - 0.9%, 0.19 - 0.35% Calcium and 0.11 - 0.20% phosphorus in both colostrum and milk. The yield of milk nutrients were similarly high, namely protein 92-175, fat 119—228 and total solids 291—576 g/sow/day and a corresponding yield of protein of 306 - 334, and fat 310 - g/kg dry matter. Litter size and litter weights at birth were quite comparable with what obtains under temperate conditions yet litter weaning weights were suboptimal in the range of 4.4 - 10 kg per piglet at eight weeks. Contrarily efficiency of milk utilization was very high and in the neighbourhood of 4 - 6 kg milk per kilogram weight gained for the pure bleeds and 2 -3 kg for the crossbreeds. Milk yield per metabolic body size was insignificantly different with values of 3.7 - 4.3 kg recorded. A high phenotypic correlation between milk and body weight at farrow could be a measure of increasing milk production of the smaller bodied indigenous pigs through selection for body size While the crossbred sows outweighed the pure breeds in their reproductive performance, all breeds suffered from seasonal fluctuation which depresses the milk production and reproductive efficiency. It can be stated that milk production of the sow is not the only limiting factor to higher productivity under the tropical condition. It is a combination of environment and management procedures in that seasonal depression has been implicated in most of the traits studied. Another major contributing factor has been the sub-clinical level of hygiene under which the animals exist. Reports have indicated that crossbreds are less susceptible to performance problems when they are bred and selected in the environments in which they are expected to perform as borne out by the results of this study. Crossbreeding might be a solution to most of these breeding problems especially by incorporating favourable genes of adaptation, disease resistance and some yet to be discovered traits in our indigenous pigs with those of the exotic purebred to develop a new breed of pig in the tropics for the tropics. The results were therefore discussed in the light of superiority of crossbreeding and adaptation of the indigenous sow. 1 results 1
- ADR Tool 1 results 1
- Academic performance 1 results 1
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