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GEO-ECONOMIC FACTORS, PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT AND PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE AS DETERMINANTS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS� ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS IN THE NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Published 2014Call Number: Loading…
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THE SYNTHESIS OF SOME NATURAL PRODUCTS OF MEDICINAL VALUE USING ORGANOMETALLIC COMPLEXES
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CONTRIBUTIONS OF SELECTED NON-TIMBER FOREST PRODUCTS TO COMMUNITY LIVELIHOODS IN TARABA STATE, NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Arsenic||Copper|| Cadmium|| Lead|| Sarotherodon galilaeus 3 results 3
- Trace metal accumulation in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon galilaeus from Alaro stream in Ibadan was assessed. A total of 25 fishes were caught in the sampling of Alaro stream. Dissections were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, fins, gut (intestine), liver, bones and muscle. Acid digestion was carried out after drying and pulverization of the fish organs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used for the trace metal analyses while bovine liver standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards (NIST) was used for quality assurance of the results. This study shows that mean concentration of the following trace metals As, Cd, Cu and Pb in S.galilaeus from the Alaro stream in Ibadan exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits set for most of the organs. This means that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.galilaeus) caught from the stream is unfit for human consumption due to the public health consequences posed in consuming such food. 3 results 3
- Garcinia kola 2 results 2
- Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) seed, has found use in folkloric medicine of Southern Nigeria for the treatment of toothache and prevention of dental caries. The crude ethanolic extract, chromatographic fractions and isolated constituents of Garcinia kola seed against clinical strains of dental-caries-causing and related microorganisms is being evaluated. Antimicrobial evaluations were done by testing different concentrations of the crude extract, vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) fractions and pure isolates against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus in already set blood agar with gentamicin as the reference standard. The zones of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined as appropriate. Fraction N, eluted with (hexane: ethyl acetate 70: 30), exhibited the highest activity with MIC’s of 1.50 mgml⁻¹ and 0.33 mgml⁻¹ while the pure isolates 1 (cycloartenol) and 2 (24-methylenecycloartanol) gave MIC’s of 0.17 mgml⁻¹ and 0.38 mgml⁻¹ against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus viridans respectively. Isolate 3 (garcinianin) gave MIC of 1.0 mgml⁻¹ against Streptococcus mutans but there was no significant activity against Streptococcus viridans and Staphylococcus aureus. The results provide justifications for the folkloric use of Garcinia kola Heckel (Guttiferae) for dental caries-related health problems while the isolated compounds may also serve as templates for future antimicrobial drug development. 2 results 2
- Heavy Metals|| Mormyrus deliciousus|| Heterobranchus longifilis|| Fish|| 2 results 2
- study was carried out on the assessment of heavy and trace metals in the tissues of two fish species, Mormyrus deliciousus and Heterobranchus longifilis in Alaro stream ecosystem in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cast nets with mesh sizes ranging between 30- 50 mm with varying dimensional sizes were used for catching the two fish species over 3-month duration. Sixty-seven fishes were caught in the sampling with M. deliciousus making up 27 of the total while H. longifilis was 40 over 3-month duration. Fish dissections (M. deliciousus: n=27; H. longifilis:n=40) were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, gut, liver, fins and muscle which were oven dried at 1050C for 6 hours. Pulverized tissues and organs were acid-digested for heavy and trace metal analyses using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). Percentage recoveries from the reference material were all above 70% with a range of 75. 25% (Pb) to 104. 54% (Ag). Mean of some heavy and trace metals were comparatively higher in M. deliciousus: Mg(10082ppm, fins), Co(8. 56ppm, muscle), Cu(175. 78ppm, liver), Zn(275. 2ppm, muscle), As(0. 963ppm, muscle), Se(11. 80ppm, liver), Mo(1. 73ppm, liver) and Pb(14. 12ppm, liver) while Na(12980ppm, bone), K(30912ppm, liver), Ca(203189ppm, bone), V(12. 98ppm, liver), Mn(752. 9ppm, liver), Fe(10092. 0ppm, liver), Cd(3. 208ppm, liver) were higher in H. longifilis whereas the following trace metals were the same for both species of fish: Nickel, Ni (5. 82ppm) and Silver, Ag (2. 33ppm). Most of the heavy metals were high due to their physiological requirement in the tissues of the fish species. As, Ag, Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization for most of the tissues and organs in M. deliciousus and H. longifilis. This shows that these fish species caught in Alaro stream ecosystem are not safe for human consumption 2 results 2
- "Subsurface samples of the predominantly carbonate Ewekoro Formation, obtained from Ibese core hole within the Dahomey basin were used in this study. Investigations entail petrographic, elemental composition as well as stable isotopes (carbon and oxygen) geochemistry in order to deduce the different microfacies and depositional environment. Petrographic study reveals the presence of dolomite, biomicrite, sandy biomicrite, and biosparite facies. Preserved pore types such as; intercrystaline, moldic and vuggy pores were observed as predominant conduits for fluids. The major element oxides ranges are; CaO (39.79 - 53.98wt.%), SiO2 (1.29-25.37 wt. %) Al2O3 (0.43-3.77 wt. %), K2O(0.04-0.27wt. %), Fe2O3 (0.74-2.35 wt. %), and Na2O (<0.01-0.05 wt. %). Cross correlation of the major oxide contents shows that Al2O3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, Fe2O3 and P2O5 are associated with aluminosilicates and their low concentrations indicates that the basin was free of suspended clays and other aluminosilicates materials during carbonate sedimentation. The relatively high concentration of SiO2 and its interrelationship with other major oxides, suggests SiO2 has strictly influenced the sedimentation of the carbonate hence would have been contributed as free silica, probably from beaches and not as aluminosilicates. The Mn/Sr ratio reveals an influence of diagenesis on the mineralogy of the carbonates. The Mg/Ca ratio ranges from 0.02 and 0.1 (av. 0.04), with an outlier value of 0.1, indicating a strong diagenetic influence and the precipitation of dolomite in the mixing zone The isotopic composition of ᵹ13C (-1.9%o to 0.79%o) shows a discrepancy from modern carbonate sediments. The average estimated formational temperature of the limestone is 32.5°C. The ᵹ13O versus ᵹ18O bivariate diagram indicates that the limestone is predominantly average marine limestone with chalk and late cement. The values of depositional setting (Z), estimated from ᵹ13O and ᵹ18O composition support a diagenetic influence on the Ewekoro Formation. The U/Th ratios (-0.25 to 2.3; av. 1.2) and Ce anomaly (0.70 - 0.94, av. 0.85) indicate a predominantly oxygenated environment with little fluctuation in bottom water oxygen level. " 1 results 1
- 24-Methylenecycloartanol 1 results 1
- 24-methylenecycloartanol 1 results 1
- A methodology is presented for the inversion of two-dimensional (2-D) geoelectrical data for solving hydrogeological problems in crystalline basement areas. The initial step entails compiling an earth model using all available geological, borehole and geophysical information. This model then served as the input to a 2-D inversion algorithm based on the Simultaneous Iterative Reconstruction Technique (SIRT). The algorithm tries to find a model that is as close as possible to the starting model. To demonstrate the usefulness of this procedure, two field examples from Nigeria, conducted as part of a borehole siting programme, are described. In the first example, borehole information regarding the thickness of the weathered zone overlying a gneissic bedrock was used to constrain the 1-D inversion of sounding data and the model thus compiled was used as the starting model for 2-D inversion. In the second example, only sounding information was used to determine the starting model. If the starting model has incorporated all the available information as constraints, it is generally possible to compute a model that not only fits the measured data but is also a good approximation of the subsurface geology, more so when several 2-D models can fit the same set of field measurements on account of the limitations posed by equivalence 1 results 1
- A study was carried out on the assessment of heavy metal bioaccumulation in wild fish (Clarias gariepinus) consumed in Wukari area of Taraba State in Nigeria between July and November 2016. Twenty-two (22) market sizes smoke-dried fish (C. gariepinus) were randomly bought from the Wukari markets in Taraba State in July 2016 and burned to ashes with a furnace at a temperature of 400°C for two hours and stored in sample bottles prior to acid digestion. Concentration of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Ni, Mn and Co) in the dried fish samples was analyzed using Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that the mean concentration of highly toxic Cd and Pb was below the World Health Organization’s (WHO) guideline limits of 0.05 ppm and 1.0 ppm respectively. The essential Cu concentration in the liver (32 ppm) exceeded the WHO set limit of 30 ppm while the other organs were below it. Fifty percent (50%) of the organs (bones, liver and muscles) exceeded the WHO guideline limit of 0.07 ppm for Ni, while the gills, fins and skin were below it. The mean Mn concentration in all the organs were below the FEPA guideline limit. The results showed that the mean toxic heavy metal Cd and Pb in the organs of the fish C. gariepinus were below the World Health Organization (WHO) limit and therefore safe for human consumption. Essential heavy metals like Cu and Ni were slightly above WHO guideline limit in some organs which means consumption quantity should be in moderation. It is therefore recommended that regular biomonitoring studies on heavy metals should be carried out on fish species widely consumed in the area for public health good 1 results 1
- A study was carried out on the toxic and trace metal accumulation in Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia zilli from Alaro stream in Ibadan, from January 2002 to December 2003. Organs assessed were muscle, liver, bone, gills, fins and gut, while the facility used for the assessment was the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for accuracy of the results. Toxic and trace metals assessed were Sodium (Na), Magnesium (Mg), Sodium (K), Calcium (Ca), Vanadium (V), Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe),Cobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Arsenic (As), Selenium (Se), Molybdenum (Mo), Silver (Ag), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb). Toxic and trace metal levels in the liver of both fishes were significantly higher than the other tissues (P>0.05). Toxic and trace metal accumulation in the organs was found to be dependent on the concentration in the water, duration of exposure and rate of uptake of the metals. The muscle that is mainly consumed was found to be relatively low in the accumulation of the toxic and trace metals. Toxic metals such as As, Cd and Pb exceeded the guideline limit set for them by the World Health Organization (WHO). A biomonitoring program is recommended for Alaro stream due to the industrial effluents discharged into it. 1 results 1
- An assessment was carried out on the concentration of arsenic (As) and selenium (Se) in the organs of Cyprinus carpio from Alaro stream in Ibadan, Nigeria. A total of 32 fish were collected from the sampling of Alaro stream from June to December 2003 and preserved by freezing. Dissections were carried out using dissecting set in order to remove the gills, fins, gut (intestine), liver, bones and muscle. Acid digestion was carried out after drying and pulverization of the fish organs. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) was used for the trace metal analyses while bovine liver standard reference material (SRM) from the National Institute of Standards (NIST) was used for quality assurance of the results. The range of the As in the organs of C.carpio was 0.000- 0.963ppm, while the following increasing order of mean concentration: fins<liver<gills< muscle < gut< bone was observed. The range of Se in the organs was 0.06-11.80ppm with an increasing order of mean concentration of: bone<gut<fins <muscle <gills<liver. This study also shows that mean concentration of As and Se in the organs C.carpio collected from the Alaro stream in Ibadan exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline limits set the trace metals in food. This shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish such as C.carpio caught from the stream is unhealthy for human consumption due to the public health consequences posed in consuming such contaminated food. 1 results 1
- An assessment was carried out on the heavy metal concentration in the organs of the fish Sarotherodon melanotheron from Alaro stream in Ibadan. Fish were collected between January to December 2003 representing both the dry and rainy seasons. Muscle, liver, bone, gills, gut and fins were analyzed for copper (Cu), manganese (Mn) and nickel (Ni) using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS).Quality assurance of the results was ensured through the use of bovine liver from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as a standard reference material. The range of Cu, Mn and Ni in the fish organs was 4.24-77.79ppm, 13.8-96.5ppm and 0.04-0.92ppm respectively. Mean concentration of Mn in all the organs exceeded the FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency) guideline limits set for it while that of Ni concentration in the muscle was below the WHO standard while all the other organs exceeded it. The heavy metal Cu, apart from the muscle, bone and gills, all the other organs exceeded the WHO recommended limit standard. The study shows that Alaro stream is polluted and fish (S.melanotheron) caught from it is unfit for human consumption due to public health consequences posed in the high concentration of the heavy metals Cu, Mn and Ni. 1 results 1
- An evaluation of the heavy and trace metals in the fish organs of Oreochromis niloticus and Alestes longipinnis from a tropical Alaro Stream in Ibadan, Nigeria was carried out. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentration of heavy and trace metals in the organs of the fish species and to compare them with World Health Organization standards for human safety and exposure through consumption. Cast nets with mesh sizes ranging between 30-50mm of varying dimensional sizes were used for trapping the two fish species. Fish dissections were carried out using dissecting set to remove the gills, gut, bone, liver, fins and muscle which were oven dried at 1050C for 6hours.Pulverized tissues and organs were acid-digested for heavy and trace metal analyses using the inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The results showed that the mean concentration of heavy and trace metals were comparatively higher in Oreochromis niloticus: Mn(5612.7ppm,liver) and As (0.865ppm, muscle), while Na (15278ppm, liver), Mg (10245ppm, liver), K (30128ppm, liver), Ca (247186ppm, bones), V (13.82ppm, liver), Fe (10959.3ppm, liver), Co (8.56ppm, liver), Ni (5.82ppm, liver), Cu (175.78ppm, liver), Zn (274.6ppm, liver), Se (11.80ppm, liver), Mo (1.72ppm, liver), Ag (2.33ppm, liver), Cd (2.87 ppm, bone) and Pb (14.12ppm, gills) were higher in Alestes longipinnis. As, Ag, Cd and Pb exceeded the recommended limits set by the World Health Organization for most of the fish organs in Oreochromis niloticus and Alestes longipinnis. These results show that these fish species caught from Alaro stream which is polluted by industrial pollutants are not safe for human consumption 1 results 1
- Arsenic|| Selenium||Cyprinus carpio||Fish|| Ibadan 1 results 1
- Arts & Humanities 1 results 1
- Background: A pilot programme of Cohort Event Monitoring (CEM) was conducted across the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria on patients treated for uncomplicated malaria with artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). The emergence and spread of malaria parasites resistant to commonly available antimalarial drugs necessitated a shift in policy for malaria treatment by the Federal Government from the use of chloroquine and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) as first-line treatments to ACTs. Initial reports following deployment of ACTs in clinical settings raised safety concerns regarding their use. Although artemisinin and its derivatives are generally thought to be safe, there are currently few or no data on their safety among populations in Nigeria. Objectives: The main objectives of the CEM programme were to proactively determine the adverse event (AE) profile of artesunate/amodiaquine (AA) and artemether/ lumefantrine (AL) in real-life settings and to find out the factors predisposing to AEs. Methods: The CEM study was observational, longitudinal, prospective, and inceptional. Patients were observed in real-life situations. It was conducted in six public health facilities in Nigeria on patients with a clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated malaria treated with ACTs. Patients were prescribed one of the ACTs on an alternate basis as they enrolled into the programme. Follow-up reviews were undertaken on days 3 and 7 following commencement of ACT treatment. At follow-up, patients were evaluated for any clinical event that they might have experienced following the use of the ACTs. We report the result of this initial pilot in which 3,010 patients treated for uncomplicated malaria with AA or AL were enrolled. Results: The seven most common AEs seen were general body weakness 25.0/36.6 % (AL/AA); dizziness 11.9/17.2 % (AL/AA); vomiting 8.0/10.2 % (AL/AA); abdominal pain 8.5/7.2 % (AL/AA); insomnia 6.3/5.9 % (AL/AA); body pains 3.4/5.2 (AL/AA) %; anorexia 8.5/4.6 % (AL/AA). Most adverse events occurred from day 1 and peaked by day 2 and 3 of medication with the mean duration of events being 3 days. By the end of the followup visit on day 7, the AEs had resolved in the majority of patients. Adverse events were more common in the AA group than AL revealing a better safety profile for AL (p< 0.001). Both ACTs demonstrated good ability to resolve the clinical symptoms of uncomplicated malaria. Conclusion: In conclusion, this pilot CEM programme suggests that adverse events with ACTs were common. However, serious life-threatening events were not common. It appears that ACTs have a tolerable safety profile among Nigerians. 1 results 1
- Background: The use of herbal medicines among pregnant women in Nigeria has not been widely studied. Methods: Opinion of 595 pregnant women in three geopolitical zones in Nigeria on the use of herbal medicines, safety on usage, knowledge of potential effects of herbal remedies on the fetus and potential benefits or harms that may be derived from combining herbal remedies with conventional therapies were obtained using a structured questionnaire between September 2007 and March 2008. Descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact tests were used at 95% confidence level to evaluate the data obtained. Level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: More than two-third of respondents [67.5%] had used herbal medicines in crude forms or as pharmaceutical prepackaged dosage forms, with 74.3% preferring self-prepared formulations. Almost 30% who were using herbal medicine at the time of the study believed that the use of herbal medicines during pregnancy is safe. Respondents' reasons for taking herbal medications were varied and included reasons such as herbs having better efficacy than conventional medicines [22.4%], herbs being natural, are safer to use during pregnancy than conventional medicines [21.1%], low efficacy of conventional medicines [19.7%], easier access to herbal medicines [11.2%], traditional and cultural belief in herbal medicines to cure many illnesses [12.5%], and comparatively low cost of herbal medicines [5.9%]. Over half the respondents, 56.6% did not support combining herbal medicines with conventional drugs to forestall drug-herb interaction. About 33.4% respondents believed herbal medicines possess no adverse effects while 181 [30.4%] were of the opinion that adverse/side effects of some herbal medicines could be dangerous. Marital status, geopolitical zones, and educational qualification of respondents had statistically significant effects on respondents views on side effects of herbal medicines [p < 0.05)] while only geopolitical zones and educational qualifications seemed to have influence on respondents' opinion on the harmful effects of herbal medicines to the fetus [p < 0.05]. Conclusion: The study emphasized the wide spread use of herbal medicines by pregnant women in Nigeria highlighting an urgent need for health care practitioners and other health care givers to be aware of this practice and make efforts in obtaining information about herb use during ante-natal care. This will help forestall possible interaction between herbal and conventional medicines. 1 results 1
- Bioaccumulation||Heavy Metals|| Clarias gariepinus|| Fish|| Wukari 1 results 1
- Bioengineering 1 results 1
- Bone setting 1 results 1
- Carrying capacity 1 results 1
- Climate fluctuation is foretold to have unfavourable impact on the agriculture of the poorer parts of the world, especially the developing countries like Nigeria. In Nigeria, crop productions are mostly low-technology based, and therefore seriously sensitive to environmental factors. Climate variability is setting Nigeria’s agricultural system under unspeakable stress and threat. Research on the impact of climate variability on agricultural outputs is necessary because of its effects in changing standards of living trends in the nation. Descriptive statistics (tables) and co-integration analysis are the methods used to analyze the data explored in this research. The findings demonstrate that the rate of agricultural output (maize and rice) is fluctuating from 1971 to 2009. There were changes in the patterns of rainfall and relative humidity. Sunshine and temperature were not consistently steady also. The results indicate that all variables were stationary at their level. When the Augmented Dickey – Fuller (ADF) test was applied on their first difference terms, they were stationary. The results show that all variables included are integrated of order 1, which is 1(1). After assessing the univariate time – series attributes of the individual data series, then we turned to the next stage in the current system of estimation, that is the test for co-integration (necessary condition for the specification of error correction model). The results showed that changes in maize output were jointly explained by maize farm gate price, relative humidity, one-year lagged maize output, one-year lagged maize farm gate price and one-year lagged relative humidity. Changes in rice output were jointly explained by rice farm gate price, rainfall, temperature, one-year lagged rice output and one-year lagged rice farm gate price. Therefore, if agricultural output is to be increasingly sustained, agricultural methods that are resilient to climate fluctuations are needed, as are methods to mitigate the impact of climate variability in each agricultural zone. 1 results 1
- Clinics 1 results 1
- Cognitive load 1 results 1
- Colleges of Education 1 results 1
- Communication & Media 1 results 1
- Communication Strategy 1 results 1
- Communicative functions 1 results 1
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