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Spectrum of childhood obstructive uropathy in Ibadan, Nigeria
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Incidence, determinants and perinatal outcomes of near miss maternal morbidity in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a prospective case control study
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Partnership for mental health development in Sub-Saharan Africa (PaM-D): a collaborative initiative for research and capacity building
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Africa 3 results 3
- Children 3 results 3
- Nigeria 3 results 3
- Adolescent 2 results 2
- Allergic Conjunctivitis 2 results 2
- Background: Allergic conjunctivitis occasionally may result in some ocular morbidities. This ranges from innocuous to severe forms of ocular disorders. Aim: This study reports and compares ocular morbidities among children with ocular allergies living in an urban and rural community. Materials and Methods: A comparative cross‑sectional study conducted in urban and rural schools among children aged 5–15 years using a multistage sampling method. Sociodemographic data, past ocular history, history of ocular allergies, and treatment were collected with an interviewer‑based questionnaire and were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 25. Descriptive analyses of sociodemographic variables and associated ocular morbidity were carried out. The Chi‑square test was used to test associations between rural and urban groups. A P = 0.05 or less was considered significant. Results: Associated ocular morbidities were seen in 8% (19/238) of the children with allergic conjunctivitis. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of ocular morbidities observed between both locations (8.1 vs. 7.9 in the rural and urban location, respectively, with a P = 1.000). Children with mild forms of allergic conjunctivitis were 197 (82.8%), and only 1.7% had severe forms. The moderate and severe form of allergic conjunctivitis were more prevalent in the rural area (P = 0.002) while untreated allergic conjunctivitis was found in 168 (70.6%) of those affected. Conclusion: This study demonstrated a higher proportion of moderate‑to‑severe forms of allergic conjunctivitis among school children in the rural region with the majority being untreated. 2 results 2
- Educators often spend a lot of time carrying out repetitive motions of the upper limbs and prolonged standing on a daily basis, exposing them to hours of ergonomic risks. This is due to awkward postures, caused by significant deviation of some major body members from the normal neutral positions. Poor ergonomics can lead to various Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), which are of serious concern for workplace safety, especially in jobs that require repetitive motions. It thus became necessary to assess the stress level associated with teaching postures and the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. In this study, ergonomic assessment of teaching personnel at an International Secondary School and University of Ibadan, Nigeria was conducted to determine the prevalent musculoskeletal discomfort in different parts of the body. The study utilised two ergonomic assessment tools- Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) and Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) to gather qualitative and quantitative data about posture and motions during teaching activities. It was discovered that both university lecturers and secondary school teachers in Nigeria face significant ergonomic risks, primarily in the neck, shoulders, and lower back. Further comparison revealed that educators in the secondary school experienced higher severity of musculoskeletal discomfort and exposure to MSD risks, compared to those in the tertiary institution. The educators of the International School had an average REBA score of 4.57, while those at the University of Ibadan had a score of 3.73. These scores indicated amedium level of MSD risk for both groups, but the educators of the International School were at a higher risk. On comparing the CMDQ outcome, it was discovered that there were major differences in the regions where discomforts were reported. While secondary school revealed higher average scores in the neck, right shoulder, and left shoulder regions, and with the neck region having a mean score of 7.003; right shoulder having a mean score of 4.550; and left shoulder having a mean score of 1.600; outcome from University of Ibadan revealed higher mean scores in the lower back and left wrist regions, with the lower back region having a mean score of 7.450 and left wrist region having a mean score of 1.030. These scores indicated a mild to moderate level of discomfort for both groups, with each facing major discomfort in unique body regions. This research highlights the significance of ergonomic evaluation and the combination of quantitative and qualitative data to identify potential interventions. 2 results 2
- Ergonomics||Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)||Teaching personnel||Work-related discomfort 2 results 2
- Mental health 2 results 2
- Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.5 – 6.1), chronic pain (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.2 – 6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 – 2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 –1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between −17.9 and −20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia. 2 results 2
- Primary care 2 results 2
- Psychosis 2 results 2
- Rural 2 results 2
- Untreated Allergies 2 results 2
- Urban 2 results 2
- "Adverse childhood experiences have been associated with a variety of mental health problems in adult life. Aims To examine whether this reported link between childhood experiences and mental health disorders in adult life applies in a Sub-Saharan African setting where cultural and family attributes may be different. Method A multistage random sampling was used in the Nigerian Survey of Mental Health and Well-Being (NSMHW) to select respondents for face-to-face interviews. Assessments of family-related adverse childhood experiences and lifetime mental health disorders were conducted with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Results Almost half of the respondents had experienced an adverse childhood experience within the context of the family before they were 16 years of age. Associations between adverse childhood experiences and adult mental health disorders were few and were attenuated when clustering of adverse childhood experience and disorder comorbidities were accounted for. There was an elevated likelihood of adult substance use disorders among individuals who had experienced family violence and neglect or abuse. Parental psychopathology was associated with a significantly increased risk for developing mood disorders. Conclusions Adverse childhood experiences reflecting violence in the family, parental criminality and parental mental illness and substance misuse were more likely to have significant mental health consequences in adulthood" 1 results 1
- Adolescent drug use 1 results 1
- Adversely, increase rate of conduct disorder, low self-esteem, low education standard, drug dependence/alcoholism and sexual risk behaviour among children from violent couples thereby becoming hazardous to themselves and society at large attracted the attention of this study to investigate factors predicting domestic violence. This study investigated influence of socioeconomic variables and marital satisfaction on domestic violence among couples in Nigeria. The study adopted cross sectional research design, purposive sampling technique was used to select 250 consisting of 112 males and 138 females who participated in the study and questionnaires was used for data collection. The results of the finding revealed that income significantly predicts domestic violence among couples in Nigeria. Further analysis revealed that there is significant influence of marital satisfaction on domestic violence. Therefore, it was concluded that income and marital satisfaction are predictors of domestic violence among couples in Nigeria and it is recommend that government and non-governmental organisation should endeavour to implement or boost effective poverty alleviation programmes that will alleviate poverty in our society 1 results 1
- African 1 results 1
- Aim: To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of depot antipsychotic (flupentixol decanoate) combined with an assertive monitoring programme (AMP) in first-episode schizophrenia. Methods: This was a prospective, non-comparative, longitudinal study conducted over 12 months assessing patient acceptance, adherence, outcome in domains of psychopathology, functionality and quality of life, and tolerability. Results: Of 207 participants, 149 (72%) completed 12 months of treatment. Acceptance of and adherence to depot was good. Treatment response was achieved by 170 (82%) participants and remission by 124 (60%). Thirty-three (19%) responders relapsed and10(5%) participants met a priori criteria for treatment resistance. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Conclusions: Combination of depot antipsychotic with an AMP maybe an effective and safe intervention linearly phase of schizophrenia, and may be particularly suitable for resource constrained settings. 1 results 1
- Aims In low and middleincome countries (LMIC) in general and sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries in particular, there is both a large treatment gap for mental disorders and a relative paucity of empirical evidence about how to fill this gap. This is more so for severe mental disorders, such as psychosis, which impose an additional vulnerability for human rights abuse on its sufferers. A major factor for the lack of evidence is the few numbers of active mental health (MH) researchers on the continent and the distance between the little evidence generated and the policymaking process. Methods: The Partnership for Mental Health Development in Africa (PaMD) aimed to bring together diverse MH stakeholders in SSA, working collaboratively with colleagues from the global north, to create an infrastructure to develop MH research capacity in SSA, advance global MH science by conducting innovative public health relevant MH research in the region and work to link research to policy development. Participating SSA countries were Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Nigeria and South Africa. The research component of PaMD focused on the development and assessment of a collaborative shared care (CSC) program between traditional and faith healers (T&FHs) and biomedical providers for the treatment of psychotic disorders, as a way of improving the outcome of persons suffering from these conditions. The capacity building component aimed to develop research capacity and appreciation of the value of research in a broad range of stakeholders through bespoke workshops and fellowships targeting specific skillsets as well as mentoring for early career researchers. Results: In the research component of PaMD, a series of formative studies were implemented to inform the development of an intervention package consisting of the essential features of a CSC for psychosis implemented by primary care providers and T&FHs. A cluster rand was next designed to test the effectiveness of this package on the outcome of psychosis. In the capacity building component, 35 early and midcareer researchers participated in the training workshops and several established mentor mentee relationships with senior PaMD members. At the end of the funding period, 60 papers have been published and 21 successful grant applications made. CONCLUSION: The success of PaMD in energising young researchers and implementing a cutting-edge research program attests to the importance of partnership among researchers in the global south working with those from the north in developing MH research and service in LMIC. 1 results 1
- Alternative & Complementary Medicine 1 results 1
- Antipsychotic 1 results 1
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 1 results 1
- Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent diagnoses in schools today, it is a common childhood neurodevelopment disorder that involves unremitting, and controversial childhood disorders, receiving large amounts of attention from researchers and general public. Pupils with this disorder have problems with attention span, impulse control and activity which frequently interfere with both classroom and social activities. The success of these categories of pupils in classroom situation depends on the ability of teachers to manage them. Despite the existence and availability of many empirical studies examining the causes, assessment, associated issues and treatment of ADHD, relatively few studies have examined teachers' perception of ADHD and their knowledge of support strategies used for pupils with the disorder. The extent to which this is done forms the basis of this study. A descriptive survey research was conducted, two hundred and thirty five pre-primary and primary school teachers participated in the research process where it was discovered that teacher hadpositive perception of the disorder and had low knowledge ofthe majority of the measured strategies used in handling pupils with ADHD. It was recommended that government and all private school owners should encourage the teachers through training for better implementation of strategies used for pupils with ADHD. Curriculum for teacher education should be restructured to include early childhood special education courses for pupils with special needs like ADHD. 1 results 1
- Background Bipolar disorder impacts negatively on the patient, the family, as well as the society. It taxes the health care services due to a combination of the illness with associated medical and psychiatric comorbidities. In Africa, unfortunately, knowledge of the epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder is based mainly on studies from the USA and Europe. In this systematic review of literature from Africa, we highlight the epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder. Methods A systematic review of publications from Africa relating to the epidemiology and burden of bipolar disorder was conducted. Result Data from community surveys conducted in Nigeria and Ethiopia indicated a lifetime prevalence estimate of 0.1 % to 1.83 for bipolar disorder. Missed diagnosis rate of bipolar disorder was up to 36.2 %. In one study, 8.1 % of the males and 5.4 % of the females reported a previous suicide attempt. A study showed that up to 60 % of patients with bipolar disorder had at least one comorbidity. There were no reports on all-cause mortality and cost of illness. Conclusion Bipolar disorder is a major mental health problem in Africa. Scientific findings on bipolar disorder from Africa are consistent with the existing literature from other parts of the world. There still exists a dearth of high-quality studies addressing the epidemiological, clinical, social, and economic burden of the disorder. 1 results 1
- Background and Objectives: Obstructive uropathy (OU) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in childhood with congenital OU being among the top three aetiologies of paediatric end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). With paucity of data on the impact of childhood OU in a setting of largely unaffordable facilities for ESKD management, further studies are needed. The aim of the study was to appraise the aetiological pattern and short- term outcome of childhood OU. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on consecutively presenting children aged 15 years and below with features of urinary tract obstruction at the University College Hospital, Ibadan between January 2009 and December 2012. Their biodata, clinical presentation, aetiology, treatment, and short- term outcome were analysed in addition to the prevalence of OU in relation to other childhood renal disorders. Results: Eighty-six children aged one day to 15 years with a median age of 2.5 years and a modal age of 6 years were recruited over a 4-year period. The male to female ratio was 4.7:1. Congenital OU occurred in 81% of cases, with the lower urinary tract more frequently affected (78%). Posterior urethral valves (PUV) was the most common cause of OU (59.3%) followed by pelvi-ureteric junction (PUJ) obstruction in 17.4%; 73.3% of all PUJ obstructions occurred in females. Only 3.5% of cases were detected prenatally. Of all incident admissions into the Paediatric Nephrology Unit, OU accounted for 20.7%. An in-hospital mortality rate of 5% occurred. Conclusion: Childhood OU is a significant cause of renal disease in Ibadan accounting for one-fifth of new paediatric renal admissions. It was majorly congenital with a male preponderance and PUV was the most common cause. Contrary to expectations, PUJ obstruction occurred more often in females. Prenatal diagnosis rate was very low. 1 results 1
- Background. We present the incidence and risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) among community dwelling elderly Nigerians. Method. A cohort study of persons aged o65 years residing in eight contiguous Yoruba-speaking states in southwest and north-central Nigeria was conducted between November 2003 and December 2007. Of the 2149 baseline sample, 1408 (66%) were successfully followed up after approximately 39 months. Face-to-face in-home assessments were conducted with the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview, version 3 (CIDI.3) and diagnosis was based on the DSM-IV. Incident MDD was determined in the group with no prior lifetime history of MDD at baseline and who were free of dementia at follow-up (n=892). Results. During the follow-up period, 308 persons had developed incident MDD, representing a rate of 104.3 [95% confidence interval (CI) 93.3–116.6] per 1000 person-years. Compared to males, the age-adjusted hazard for females was 1.63 (95% CI 1.30–2.06). Lifetime or current subsyndromal symptoms of depression at baseline did not increase the risk of incident MDD. Among females, but not males, rural residence and poor social network were risk factors for incident MDD. Physical health status at baseline did not predict new onset of MDD. Conclusions. The finding of a high incidence of MDD among elderly Nigerians complements earlier reports of a high prevalence of the disorder in this understudied population. Social factors, in particular those relating to social isolation, constitute a risk for incident MDD. 1 results 1
- Background: Depression is a common and severe disorder among low-income adolescent mothers in low-and middle-income countries where resources for treatment are limited. We wished to identify factors influencing health service utilization for adolescent perinatal depression, in Nigeria to inform new strategies of care delivery. Methods: Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted among purposively selected low-income young mothers (with medical histories of adolescent perinatal depression), and separately with primary care clinicians treating this condition in Ibadan, Nigeria. Participants from this community-based study were from the database of respondents who participated in a previous randomized control trial (RCT) conducted between 2014 and 2016 in 28 primary health care facilities in the 11 Local government areas in Ibadan. Semi-structured interview guides, framed by themes of the Behavioral Model for Vulnerable Populations, was developed to obtain views of participants on the factors that promote or hinder help-seeking and engagement (see additional files 1 & 2). FGDs were conducted, and saturation of themes was achieved after discussions with six groups. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis. Results: A total of 42 participants, 17 mothers (who were adolescents at the time of the RCT), and 25 care providers participated in 6 FGDs. The availability of care for perinatal depression at the primary care level was an important enabling factor in healthcare utilization for the adolescents. Perceived health benefits of treatment received for perinatal depression were strong motivation for service use. Significant stigma and negative stereotypes expressed by care providers towards adolescent pregnancy and perinatal depression were obstacles to care. However, individual patient resilience was a major enabling factor, facilitating service engagement. Providers trained in the management of perinatal depression were perceived to deliver more tolerant and supportive care that adolescent mothers valued. Conclusions: Participants identified unsupportive and stigmatizing clinic environments towards pregnant and parenting adolescents as significant barriers to accessing available care. Interventions to reduce stigma among healthcare providers may improve services for this vulnerable population. 1 results 1
- Background: Healthcare professionals, such as pharmacists, play critical roles in the management of mental disorders by assessing the potential for adverse reactions, providing medication counseling, and medication review optimize treatment regimens. Objectives: This study aims to assess the knowledge of pharmacy students in a Nigerian university regarding psychotropic medicines and their attitude towards providing pharmaceutical care to patients with anxiety. Method: A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in May 2021 among fourth- and fifth-year pharmacy students in a Nigerian university. The data were summarized using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies and percentages. Chi square was utilized to examine the association between the demographic characteristics and the respondents' overall knowledge and attitude. Results: The response rate was 85%, as 126 responses were received. About half of the respondents 69 (54.8%) reported that they have received training on psychotropic medicines and 9 (9.1%) have been previously diagnosed with anxiety disorders. Only 53 (42.1%) and 71 (56.3%) of our respondents knew that escitalopram and alprazolam are categorized as anxiolytics respectively. Most respondents would like to talk to patients with anxiety about their medications 110 (87.3%), attend training on pharmaceutical care for patients with anxiety 103 (81.7%), and obtain a medication history for people with anxiety 113 (89.7%). Ninety-four (74.6%) pharmacy students would like to suggest prescription medication for a patient with anxiety and only 88 (69.8%) would like to correct any errors in prescription in any anxiety cases. Our findings also revealed that there is a significant association between the students’ attitude and year of study (p=0.038) and previous training on psychotropic medicines (p=0.004). Conclusion: Findings from this study suggested that participants require improved knowledge and training of psychotropic medicines. 1 results 1
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