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MORALITY AND THE GLOBAL CAPITALIST ECONOMIC ORDER
Published 2015-10Call Number: Loading…
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 9 results 9
- Adolescents 4 results 4
- Prevalence 4 results 4
- Community pharmacist 3 results 3
- Learning disabilities 3 results 3
- Pharmaceutical care 3 results 3
- Primary care 3 results 3
- Adolescent pregnancy 2 results 2
- Adolescent pregnancy is an important public health problem on the increase in Nigeria. Few studies have investigated the circumstances and factors associated with parental decisions taken following an adolescent pregnancy, in spite of the implications of these on the adolescent. This study was designed to assess factors influencing parents’/guardians’ decisions on adolescent pregnancy. A mixed method study involving the use of Key Informant Interviews (KII) and semi-structured interview was conducted. A four-stage sampling technique was used to select 261 and 244 respondents from Omi-Adio (rural) and Apata (urban) communities respectively. KII were conducted with twelve parents; (six each from urban and rural settings) who has had personal experiences of a pregnant adolescent. Descriptive and Chi-square statistics, and logistic regression were used for data analysis and qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The UK Registrar general’s classification of occupation and socioeconomic status was used. Mean age of respondents from rural and urban communities were 50+9.4 years and 48+10.1 years respectively. Fifty-five percent of urban and 30.1% of rural respondents had tertiary education. More rural (70.3%) than urban respondents (35.4%) were in the low socioeconomic group. More rural (91.9%) than urban dwellers (88.9%) supported keeping an adolescent pregnancy. More urban (93.4%) than rural (76.3%) dwellers were of the view that an adolescent should continue school after delivery (p<0.05) while 25% of rural respondents and 18.0% of urban respondents mentioned that a pregnant adolescent be married to the person responsible for the pregnancy (p<0.05). Personal experience of adolescent pregnancy occurred in 17.2% and 16.4% of rural and urban respondents respectively. Adolescent pregnancy occurred in children and relations of respondents. Among rural respondents, the pregnant adolescents were either the respondents’ younger sibling (51.1%) or child (48.9%). In the urban area the pregnant adolescents were the respondents’ younger sibling (75.0%), child (20.0%) or the respondent/ his spouse (5%). More urban (85%) than rural respondents (60%) decided to keep the pregnancy (p<0.05). The decision to keep the pregnancy was mainly attributed to religious beliefs among the rural respondents (68%) and health reasons among their urban counterparts (76.5%). Urban dwellers were 5 times more likely to decide to keep the pregnancy than rural respondents (OR = 5.48, 95%CI = 1.71 - 17.59). Respondents in the high socio-economic group were less likely to decide to keep the pregnancy (OR = 0.20, 95% CI=0.06-0.65). The initial reactions of the key informant interviewees to discovery of pregnancy were disappointment. In the urban area, very few pregnant adolescents were said to have continued schooling till delivery and many of them resumed school thereafter while in the rural area, they all dropped out of school. Place of residence, socio-economic status and religion were key factors influencing decision to keep adolescent pregnancy with urban dwellers more favourably disposed than rural dwellers. Intervention programmes thus need to target those in rural areas to change their views regarding keeping of adolescent pregnancies and encouraging re-integration of adolescents that get pregnant. 2 results 2
- Background: The epidemic of HIV continues to grow in Nigeria. Personnel in the military are at increased risk of HIV infection. Although HIV-risk related sexual behavior of Nigerian police officers has been studied, little is known about the sexual behavior of their counterparts in the Navy. This study describes knowledge of AIDS, and HIV-risk sexual behavior of naval personnel in Lagos Nigeria. Methods: Four hundred and eighty personnel of the Nigerian Navy completed a 70-item questionnaire in 2002. Group discussion and in-depth interviews of four key informants were also conducted to gain insights into the context of risky sexual behaviors and suggestions for feasible HIV primary prevention interventions. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 34 years. Although the overall mean AIDS knowledge score was 7.1 of 10 points, 52.1 % of respondents believed that a cure for AIDS was available in Nigeria and that one can get HIV by sharing personal items with an infected person (25.3%). The majority (88.1 %) had had lifetime multiple partners ranging from 1-40 with a mean of 5.1; 32.5% of male respondents had had sexual contact with a female sex worker, 19.9% did so during the six months preceding the survey. Forty-one percent of those with sexual contact with a female sex worker did not use a condom during the most recent sexual encounter with these women. Naval personnel who have been transferred abroad reported significantly more risky sexual behaviors than others. Group discussants and key informants believed that sex with multiple partners is a tradition that has persisted in the navy even in the era of AIDS because of the belief that AIDS affects only foreigners, that use of traditional medicine provides protection against HIV infection, and influence of alcohol. Conclusion: Many naval personnel report participating in high-risk sexual behavior which may increase their risk of acquiring and spreading HIV. Naval personnel live and interact freely with civilian population and are potential bridging group for disseminating HIV into the larger population. Interventions including sustained educational program, promotion of condoms, changes in transfer policies are recommended to address this problem. 2 results 2
- Breast self-examination 2 results 2
- Comprehensive reading instruction 2 results 2
- Despite the critical role of good reading skills in the lives of all individuals, students with learning and specific reading disabilities often manifest deficits in the acquisition and use of diverse reading skills that are unexpected in relation to their age, cognitive ability, quantity and quality of instruction and intervention. This is particularly worrisome as these reading problems often go unnoticed during the primary school years. Once these students get to secondary school, their reading disabilities become more pronounced and its consequences further apparent to teachers and parents. Based on this problem, this paper discussed the need- for a comprehensive reading instruction for students with reading disabilities, the components of a comprehensive reading instruction and guidelines for a comprehensive reading instruction. Thus, it was concluded that no component of the reading skill should be downplayed. Moreover, this paper recommended among other things that teachers of students with learning and reading disabilities should conduct ongoing assessments to determine the actual nature of individual student reading disabilities. Thereafter, teachers of students with learning and reading disabilities should proceed with delivery of a balanced and comprehensive reading instruction that is guided by scientifically evidence-based procedures as discussed in this paper. 2 results 2
- Economic Empowerment Programmes (EEPs), which refer to the response of non-governmental and faith-based organisations to the issues of poverty and unemployment, are central to the operations of Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries (MFM). Previous studies on EEPs in Nigeria concentrated largely on empirical relationship between government intervention programmes and poverty alleviation, the European Union and United Nations Millennium Development Goals, with little attention paid to the inputs made by faith-based organisations. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the EEPs of MFM, with a view to determining the form of EEPs, their strategies, impact and challenges in Lagos State, Nigeria. Robert Barro’s Religious Facilitating Economic Empowerment Theory was used as the framework, while the descriptive design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select Alimosho, Agege, Amuwo-Odofin, Ikorodu and Lagos-mainland in Lagos State. These were the five places where the MFM’s EEPs were actively and prominently executed. In-depth interviews were conducted with 130 purposively selected respondents: 10 Programme Coordinators (PCs), 25 Pastors, 15 Church members and 80 EEPs beneficiaries. Five sessions of focus group discussions were conducted: two sessions with 10 PCs, one session with five pastors, and two sessions with 15 beneficiaries, comprising (10 men and 20 women). The data were content-analysed. Three EEPs were identified: skill acquisition, financial scheme and vocational empowerment; and four strategies (vocational training, provision of loans, financial grants and distribution of vocational materials) were adopted in executing the programmes. Skill acquisition employed a vocational training strategy to reach out to 553 farmers, 505 fashion designers, 204 caterers, 301 information technologists, 105 food processors, 264 leather processors and 106 bag makers. Financial scheme deployed a provision of 5% interest loan in the range of N50,000.00 to N500,000.00 and reached out to 120 certified applicants. Also, financial scheme adopted the financial grants method and gave out N24,000,000.00 to 80 merchants and 40 retailers. They claimed that the grants were spent to expand their businesses and pay outstanding shop rents. Also, N8,000,000.00 was given to 80 widows to start their 80 poultry businesses. Vocational empowerment used a vocational materials strategy to reach out to 554 certified beneficiaries: 356 industrial sewing machines, 104 leather sewing machines, 20 soap mixers, 42 catering materials, six bead stoning machines, five cameras, three laptops, two photocopiers, 10 food grinding and processing machines, and six cloth dryers. Through the skill acquisition programme, the rate of unemployment among the church members was reduced from 4,850 to 2,038. The financial scheme programme relieved the beneficiaries of depending on the church for their means of livelihood. The vocational empowerment programme promoted financial autonomy for the concerned MFM members. However, inconsistent follow-up of trainees, non-repayment of loans, mismanagement of funds and selling off of empowerment materials by some beneficiaries were reported as major challenges confronting the execution of each of the EEPs. The Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries has contributed to reducing the problem of poverty and unemployment in the Nigerian government through its economic empowerment programmes in Lagos State, Nigeria. 2 results 2
- Economic empowerment 2 results 2
- Female sex workers 2 results 2
- Inclusive education classroom 2 results 2
- Knowledge 2 results 2
- Mountain of Fire and Miracles Ministries 2 results 2
- Non-tuberculous mycobacteria 2 results 2
- Obesity 2 results 2
- Objective: To provide information on the profile, comorbidity and impact of insomnia among an understudied group of elderly Africans. Method: Using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the 12-month prevalence of three forms of insomnia was assessed in face-to-face interviews conducted with a regionally-representative sample of elderly Nigerians, aged 65 years and over (n=2152). The association of insomnia with quality of life, rated with the WHO Quality of Life instrument, was analyzed controlling for comorbid chronic pain, chronic medical conditions and DSM-IV major depressive disorder. Results: At least one insomnia problem was reported by 30.72%. Insomnia was more frequent among females, persons aged 70 years and over, and those who were unmarried. Insomnia was comorbid with major depressive disorder (OR = 3.9, 95% CI 2.5 – 6.1), chronic pain (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.2 – 6.1; particularly arthritis and spinal pain), and chronic medical conditions (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.8 – 2.5, particularly heart disease, high blood pressure or asthma). Persons with insomnia were more likely to report having had a fall in the previous year (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0 –1.8) and, among those with fall, injury was more commonly reported by those with insomnia. Every form of insomnia was associated with decrement in quality of life. After controlling for comorbid mental and physical conditions, the β coefficients ranged between −17.9 and −20.0. Conclusion: Insomnia was highly comorbid with chronic physical conditions and with depression. These comorbid conditions partly but do not entirely account for the considerable decrement in quality of life associated with insomnia. 2 results 2
- Oyo State 2 results 2
- Parental Decision 2 results 2
- Pharmacy practice in Nigeria 2 results 2
- Pregnancy 2 results 2
- Pregnancy acceptance 2 results 2
- Psychosocial interventions 2 results 2
- Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the causes and management of blindness and blinding eye conditions as perceived by rural dwellers of two Yoruba communities in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: Four focus group discussions were conducted among residents of Iddo and Isale Oyo, two rural Yoruba communities in Oyo State, Nigeria. Participants consisted of sighted, those who were partially or totally blind and community leaders. Ten patent medicine sellers and 12 traditional healers were also interviewed on their perception of the causes and management of blindness in their communities. Findings: Blindness was perceived as an increasing problem among the communities. Multiple factors were perceived to cause blindness, including germs, onchocerciasis and supernatural forces. Traditional healers believed that blindness could be cured, with many claiming that they had previously cured blindness in the past. However, all agreed that patience was an important requirement for the cure of blindness. The patent medicine sellers' reports were similar to those of the traditional healers. The barriers to use of orthodox medicine were mainly fear, misconception and perceived high costs of care. There was a consensus of opinion among group discussants and informants that there are severe social and economic consequences of blindness, including not been able to see and assess the quality of what the sufferer eats, perpetual sadness, loss of sleep and dependence on other persons for daily activities. Conclusion: Local beliefs associated with causation, symptoms and management of blindness and blinding eye conditions among rural Yoruba communities identified have provided a bridge for understanding local perspectives and basis for implementing appropriate primary eye care programs. 2 results 2
- Reading disabilities 2 results 2
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