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A BIBLIO-TEXTUAL STUDY AND EDITION OF THE POEMS OF ANDREW MARVELL
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COVID-19 in Nigeria: Is the pharmaceutical sector spared?
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Human Evaluation of Yorùbá-English Google Translation
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Development of thermodynamic model with gopal’s constants for the Inhibition of gas hydrates formation in gas pipeline
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Effects of binder concentrations and soaking time on combustion characteristics of briquettes produced from fermented gmelina arborea (roxb) sawdust and used print paper
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- Background: In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, access to training in research ethics is limited, due to weak social, economic, and health infrastructure. The project described in this article was designed to develop the capacity of academic staff of the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria to conduct ethically acceptable research involving human participants. Methods: Three in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted to assess the training needs of participants. A research ethics training workshop was then conducted with College of Medicine faculty. A 23-item questionnaire that assessed knowledge of research ethics, application of principles of ethics, operations of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and ethics reasoning was developed to be a pre-post test evaluation of the training workshop. Ninety-seven workshop participants completed the questionnaire before and after the workshop; 59 of them completed a second post-test questionnaire one month after the workshop. Results: The trainees came from a multi-disciplinary background including medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social science and laboratory science. The mean scores for knowledge of the principles of research ethics rose from 0.67 out of 3 points at pre-test to 2.25 at post-test (p < 0.05). Also, 42% correctly mentioned one international guideline or regulation at pretest, with most of those knowing of the Declaration of Helsinki. Trainees' knowledge of the operations of an IRB increased from 6.05 at pre-test to 6.29 at post test out of 7 points. Overall, participants retained much of the knowledge acquired from the workshop one month after its completion. Conclusion: The training improved participants' knowledge of principles of research ethics, international guidelines and regulations and operations of IRBs. It thus provided an opportunity for research ethics capacity development among academic staff in a developing country institution. 2 results 2
- Basement complex 2 results 2
- Bupivacaine || Local anaesthetic || Skin graft || Pre-emptive analgesia. 2 results 2
- Computer Science & IT 2 results 2
- Engineering & Technology 2 results 2
- Geomorphology 2 results 2
- Groundwater potential 2 results 2
- Lineament extraction 2 results 2
- One of the major problems facing drilling operations is the performance of the drilling Bits. The ability of the Bit to crush the rock and the removal of the crushed rock from the wellbore effectively. It is necessary to understand the fundamental difference in Bit design for different rock textures because many variables tend to affect Bit optimization, particularly the type of formations, economics and Bit selection. However, the cost of drilling a well has a considerable effect on the selection and the design of a particular Bit, therefore this paper focuses on the development of a model that will predict future Bit performance and optimization for actual well design and construction. The variables to optimize Bit performance provide means of handling cost estimation hence the model becomes more realistic and dynamic in its application. The input variables and control factors for this model are stretched to minimize cost and maximize performance. The cost per foot and the break even calculations were done using data from the reference well X14 and also the evaluation well X35 from a field-X in the Niger Delta region. A Visual Basic dot Net program model was developed, tested and validated with the real field data to know its accuracy. The model interface shows the detailed application of the Bits in validating the data to provide the equivalent results for the five different Bits. Each set of the Bit record was ran separately on the software and the results for each application developed for comparison. In the software, data application were grouped into two distinct methods namely; rentals method and historical method. Under the rentals method, data were uploaded into the software and ran to generate results while the historical method was basically used for model prediction. The breakeven analysis provided a technique for calculating the performance required for an alternative Bit type to match the cost per foot of the current Bit. Based on the model results, Hughes Tungsten Carbide (HTC) Bit and Security Bit (SEC) used to drill well X14 and X35 were well optimized and should be encouraged in drilling wells within the area. 2 results 2
- Oxidative Stress 2 results 2
- Social Sciences 2 results 2
- "Interest is growing daily on the utilization of bamboo as a reliable supplement to wood in furniture production to mitigate the scarcity of wood raw material supply. This study explored the viability of recycling bamboo recovered from scaffold into intermediate raw material for indoor furniture production. Strips were processed from the recovered Bambusa vulgaris Schrad and were subjected to conventional treatment methods with some modification to simplify the treatment. The durability of the treated strip was evaluated in accordance with ASTM D2017. A storage shelf was designed and fabricated using laminates made from the bamboo strips. The diameter and wall thickness of the recovered bamboo culms ranges from 6.00cm -10.00cm and 10.00mm- 12.70mm respectively. The result shows that ordinary soaking of the strips in water for 3 weeks could make the strips to be sufficiently resistant to termite attack but fairly resistant to powder post beetle. Application of kerosene as a secondary treatment will make the resistance of the bamboo strip effective to powder post beetle. A Complete-Knock-Down (CDK) Magazine shelf suitable for office use was fabricated using road side carpentry workshop tools. This study was able to recycle Bambusa vulgaris recovered from scaffolding material into suitable raw material input for the manufacturing of indoor furniture." 1 results 1
- "Optimal allocation of products to downstream locations is a major requirement for minimizing the distribution costs associated with supply chain systems. Unfortunately many supply chain managers rely on their intuition and feelings to make these allocation decisions. In this study a mathematical model was developed for minimizing the distribution cost in a multi-product 2-echleon supply chain system. The distribution system of a leading bottling plant in Nigeria was studied to understand the underlying supply chain system . Attempt was made to identify system parameters, variables, limitations, criteria so as to be able to define the distribution problem The interactions and flow of products in the system were identified and characterized as a 2 echelon supply chain system. Mathematical model of the system was developed. The problem model, a linear program formulation with three major constraints; demand, availability and company policy requirements was parameterised based on demand data product availability data, company policies and unit transportation costs to various downstream locations. The model was solved for a 12 product 8 destination case. It was observed that the model application produces 6% reduction in the distribution cost compared to the existing practice of the company. It is concluded that the model is effective to reduce or minimize distribution expenses for any multiproduct multiple destination system and fulfilling demand at various destinations. " 1 results 1
- "Sawdust particles soon after emission from the cutting machine usually move dynamically with transformation in some dimensions. This paper models the sawdust particle motion as a two dimensional transformation system of continuous time series. Cost could be saved using this approach instead of utilizing dynamic systems that depend on time history Two dimensional graphical representation of continuous time series of Duffing's dynamic system for sawdust particles was investigated with emphasis placed on application to sawdust particle motion and the saw machines. Pr~liminary studies were made using the harmonic functions, F(t) = Cos(wt) and F(t) = Sin(wt), for their familiarity in both science and technology communities. The solution to Duffing's model equation for the sawdust particles was sought from displacement and velocity perspectives, using the Runge-Kutta Algorithm. Linear transformation that guarantees non-negative values of time series was implemented. This was followed by the respective computation of the x- and y-components of the resulting time series values of the sawdust movement using a 21tmodulated time measured in radians. The graphical representations of the x- and y-components compared well quantitatively and qualitatively with the corresponding phase plots. The feasibility of modelling sawdust dynamics as emission from band saws was therefore demonstrated here, in approaches that thus advance knowledge of sawdust emission studies. " 1 results 1
- "The study investigated the Mathematics achievement of senior secondary school students in Mathematics in Saki using Project Based Learning Method (PBLM) in enhancing the Mathematics achievement in senior Mathematics among senior secondary school students in Saki. To ascertain the degree of treatment efficacy, a randomised sample of 45 senior secondary school students with 30 and 15 participants each from two different senior secondary schools in Saki West Local Government areas in Saki were selected for the purpose. The randomised control trial design was employed, and a randomized randomised sample that undertook training in PBLM and a control group were used. The instrument used for data collection is Mathematics achievement tests sampled from the National Examination Council (NECO) for 2017 & 2018 objective Mathematics papers. Since the instrument was standardised test prepared by Public Examination body there is no need for revalidation. A pair of pre-test and post-test data was obtained from each participant who formed the basis of the findings using ANCOVA for data analyses. This study present the empirical application of four statistical methods (pre and post-treatment scores with analysis of covariance, post-test scores, difference in pre and post-treatment scores and percent difference in pre and post-treatment scores), using data from a randomised controlled trial of post-test among the senior secondary school students on Mathematics achievement using Project Based Learning Method (PBLM), with and without PBLM treatment, a Randomized Controlled Study trials. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to determine the effectiveness of treatment, to adjust for baseline measures and to provide an unbiased estimate of the mean group difference of the post-treatment scores in Mathematics achievement among the participants used. Robustness tests were done by comparing ANCOVA with three comparative methods: the post-treatment scores, change in scores, and percentage change from baseline. All the four methods showed similar direction of effect; however, ANCOVA (93.503; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 89.332, 97.668; p = 0.019) and the post-treatment score (94.100; 95% CI: 89.733, 98.467; p = 0.001) method provided the highest precision of estimate compared with the change score (38.300; 95% CI: 34.215, 42.385; p = 0.001) and percent change (68.462; 95% CI: 60.358, 76.565; p = 0.001). The empirical studies provide the best statistical estimation for analyzing the best statistical estimation for analyzing continuous outcomes requiring covariate adjustment. Our empirical findings support the use of ANCOVA as an optimal method in both design and analysis of trials with a continuous primary outcome. 1 results 1
- "This paper presents the application offractal theory, especially fractal dimension to the formation of sawdust particles during operation with four detailed cases, which helps us to understand the distribution of the sawdust particles inhaled by sawmill workers and remove the effect of toxicity on their body quickly. Pattern of formation of sawdust in human lungs and other parts of the body (in fast branching rate) is described with a practical case study in a developing country. As these sawdust particles settle down in the human body, cells are destroyed on a very fast rate by the toxic nature of sawdust particles. Thus, removing the effect of toxicity on the body will require special skill and is cost intensive. The pattern formation of sawdust particles follows random walking in 2-D Euclidean space using fractal dimension and time steps. Percentage total of average time steps required for aggregation of specified n-sawdust particles varies according to power law of percentage successive aggregation. Case 3 and its rules are the most reasonable if used in a real project since its percentage absolute error compared with the standard literature value of 1.71 is zero. The paper may be of great importance to occupational health scientist and those who control and monitor occupation health problems in small scale industries particularly where occupational hazards are well pronounced. " 1 results 1
- A gravitational drip irrigation system was designed and constructed using available materials; and tested for the use of small-scale farmers. The system has 4 laterals each 4m long, with each of the laterals having pressure-compensating emitters. This was evaluated based on its efficiency. Tests show that discharge per lateral is 8 1/hr And each of the emitters can deliver 2.1 1/hr with an operating head of 0.97m. The crop water requirement was based on the evapotranspiration rate for Ibadan climatic zone that was given as 5 mm/day. Water conveyance efficiency was 99%; Application efficiency approximates to 94.5% while overall system efficiency was 94.05 %. These results corroborate with Jess (2001) who put the overall efficiency of drip irrigation system at 90 % and above. The total cost of ownership was estimated at N10,030 while the total operating and maintenance cost was N308, as at February 2004.The efficiency of the system coupled with the cost of installation, maintenance and repair show that it is cost effective and viable. 1 results 1
- A new spectrophotometric method has been developed for the analysis of acyclovir in bulk and dosage forms. The method is based on the diazo coupling reaction between diazotized acyclovir and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB). Spot tests and thin layer chromatographic analysis confirmed the formation of a greenish-yellow adduct which was stable in the laboratory environment for more than three hours. Critical factors affecting optimal detector response were identified and optimized. The optimal temperature and coupling reaction time were established at 50oC and 10 min. The azo adduct was determined at 404 nm where neither diazotized acyclovir nor DMAB has any significant absorptivity. Methanol was found as the best diluting solvent after coupling. The assays of acyclovir were linear over the range 1.81-9.06 μg/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 and limit of detection of 0.024 μg/mL. The method was accurate (error < 3 %) and precise (RSD < 2.7 %) over three days assessment. There was no interference from commonly used excipients. The method was successfully applied to the determination of acyclovir in tablets and creams with similar accuracy to the official USP spectrophotometric method. The method is rapid, simple and cost-effective and could find application in the in-process quality control of acyclovir. 1 results 1
- A precise and cost-efficient diagnostic technique for detecting decay and other structural defects in living trees is indispensable for the risk assessment and conservation of urban and forest trees. A study was carried out to detect the location and extent of decay and hollows (or cavities) in almond trees (Terminalia catappa L. Roxb.) using the four-point electrical resistivity method. Electrical resistivity measurements (ERm) of randomly selected living almond trees were taken using an earth resistivity meter, four probes and a modified form of Schlumberger electrode configuration. The ERm were used to obtain resistivity profiles (RP) of the trees. The RP of freshly cut healthy, decayed and hollowed trees were also obtained. A laboratory experiment was set up to replicate the RP of healthy, decayed and hollowed trees. Wood decay and cavities in trees were detected through RP matching. In comparison to healthy trees, wood decay and cavities in tree stems were detected with relatively sharp decrease and increase in electrical resistivity values, respectively. The extent of the resistivity anomalies corresponds to the extent of wood decay and cavities in trees. This method is applicable to early detection of decay and cavities in hardwood trees. 1 results 1
- Abiotic Factors 1 results 1
- Achievement 1 results 1
- Acyclovir 1 results 1
- Agroecological zones 1 results 1
- Air contioner, 1 results 1
- Alternative formats 1 results 1
- Analysis 1 results 1
- As a measure of productivity and as an essential prerequisite for investment, profit is universal and fundamental to economic activities. A lot of research conducted over the years on Islamic finance and interest-based economic-system has been concerned basically with the macro-economic variable-interest (riba). However, the subject, profit (ribh), in relation to both conventional and Islamic accounting standards, has almost totally been neglected. This paper, therefore, investigates the determination of profit in line with the Nigerian Statements of Accounting Standards (SAS), conventional economics and Islamic economic perspectives. Relevant provisions stated in SAS 1 as regards the determination of profit are also applicable in an Islamic economic system. However, Islamic accounting uses both historical cost concept and current valuation inasmuch as the items considered are Shari‘ah-compliant. Risk alone, or risk and sacrifice, cannot make one entitled to profit. The paper makes a clear distinction between interest and profit and states why the former is not allowed in Islamic Banking. The cause of profit should be sales and services. Interest-based income and expenses that are recognised in SAS and conventional economics for profit determination are prohibited in Islamic accounting. Profit sharing ratio is mutually agreed upon between the financiers and the finance users in some Islamic financial products, while the buyer is not informed of the actual cost and the profit margins in other products. 1 results 1
- As opposed to healing of wounds that occur in early intrauterine life which heals rapidly and without scarring, postnatal cutaneous wound healing is a complex and dynamic process and the end result is formation of a scar. Although the degree of scarring following any surgery depends on many factors, the likelihood of forming more profound howbeit hypertrophic scar may be more in the dark African skin. This has been noted to be a reason for reduced enthusiasm on the part of some adult Africans from embracing cosmetic surgical procedures. Varying degrees of scarring occur following the repair of clefts in children and the degree of scarring may affect the cosmetic and functional outcome of these repairs. With the advent of SmileTrain intervention in the management of clefts in Nigeria, there has been a great increase in the number of surgeries carried out for cleft lip repair such that the resultant scar from these surgeries needs to be assessed and controlled in order to improve the outcome of the surgical interventions. The aim of this paper therefore is to highlight the different methods by which these scars can be assessed and the assessment incorporated into the outcome measures of cleft lip repair. Method: A literature search on scar assessment using the PubMed was conducted. The articles that were written in English Language were retrieved and reviewed with particular attention to those that focus more on the assessment of linear scars. Parameters employed in each of the assessment tools were noted and the suitability of such tool for our patient population was evaluated. Some of the assessment tools were applied to patients that had cleft lip repair in our centre to determine if they are appropriate for use in our patients and possible modifications for their use were suggested. Result: Several scar assessment tools were indentified. The following were found to be applicable to cleft lip assessment specifically - Visual Analogue Scale, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), Wound Evaluation Scale (WES), Manchester Scar Scale (MSS), Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES). Application of the methods to our patient population reveals that there is need for some form of modification as discussed below in order to achieve best results. Discussion: Patients who come for cleft lip repair present mainly because of the quest of them patients or their parents for improvement in their appearance. On the part of the surgeon however, the repair is necessary in order to restore form (cosmesis) and function. The degree of scarring after surgery has a role to play in outcome because it can affect both form and function. Assessment of post operative scars prompt the surgeon to take measures that will lead to an improvement of outcome in the subsequent patient he operates and the tools used for this assessment should be adequate to provide insight into what needs to be done to ensure improvement. 1 results 1
- Assimilation 1 results 1
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