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The role of p38 MAPK activation in preconditioning mediated protection against ischaemia/reperfusion injury by Hartley, Shahiem
Published 2012Get full text
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- Economic development aims at improving the wellbeing and quality of life of a community by creating and/or retaining jobs, supporting or growing incomes and the tax base. Free trade policies which create a high level of competition in the open market are necessary aids for economic development. On its part, Antitrust is a statutory and jurisprudential provision, through which public authorities preserve general welfare by preventing firms from limiting competition, creating monopolies, and charging excessive prices for their products. It aims to ensure the existence of competitive markets and guarantees that firms operating in the free market economy do not restrict or distort competition in a way to prevent the market from functioning optimally. From the foregoing, this paper examined the Nigerian antitrust regime and its import in the economic advancement of the Nigerian economy. The paper found that in developing countries including Nigeria, there is a paucity of antitrust legislation designed to protect consumers, promote free trade and commerce, and prevent unwholesome and unethical trade practices. With a well operated antitrust framework, Nigeria s economic growth will accelerate and gain better stability as well as increase consumer protection. 2 results 2
- Good pedestrian facilities support the ease, comfort and safety of pedestrians. A good pedestrian sidewalk requires a good surface condition with appropriate footpath width and surface quality. This study assessed pavement condition of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. PCI evaluates the surface condition of sidewalks based on distresses observed. The PCI ratings vary from 0 to 100, representing the worst and best surface conditions, respectively. Based on the regular use of sidewalks for access, eighteen major roads were selected within the University of Ibadan. A distress assessment survey was conducted on the roads to collect data on defective sidewalk pavements and their distress conditions. The sidewalks were mainly of two types: plain concrete and concrete slab. Average sidewalk width for fourteen of the roads was less than 1.5 m stipulated in highway design manuals. Sixty percent of the sidewalks were in good condition with PCI values greater than 70. The recurring defects on the plain concrete sidewalk included linear, edge and map cracking. Depression of slab units was the most severe defect on the concrete slap sidewalk. The PCI analysis was used to assess the surface conditions of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan. The results can be used to design maintenance activities to keep the sidewalk system in optimal operational function. Having and updating inventory of the sidewalk system will promote regular routine maintenance and encourage safe use of the system 2 results 2
- Nigeria 2 results 2
- Nigerians 2 results 2
- Pavement Condition Index 2 results 2
- Pavement maintenance 2 results 2
- Serviceability rating 2 results 2
- The paper attempted to examine the reasons accounting for the sustenance of the practice of female circumcision and how to stem it. The basis of the facts presented here are derived from a survey involving a sample of four hundred and five respondents of both sexes conducted in two local government areas (Okpe and Sapele) of Delta state. The subjects that constituted the sample were randomly chosen and the data analysed through simple descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that the persistence of female circumcision is due to the application of western methods in the operation thereby reducing the agony and stress associated with the practice. It also identified the low level of education and urbanisation as factors inducing the sustainability of the practice because they make for the persistence of traditional norms and values. Consequent upon these findings, the paper concluded by suggesting the involvement and enlistment of western trained health care professionals as public health educator in an attempt to stamp out the act. In addition to the above, the paper suggested the rapid development of our educational system and urbanisation as a way of weakening non functional traditional values. 2 results 2
- spinal tumor 2 results 2
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- "A new method on machined surface finish quality characterization using fractal analysis is proposed. This seems to be an improvement on Olaosebikan's spectral analysis index method for surface finish assessment. Mathematical model based on disk count-Monte Carlo approach is developed' and tested with simulated results from computer programme written in Fortran. Test cases Involve five-finished machine surfaces (work pieces) that are ranked based on fractal dimensions obtained for the respective machined surface spectral trace. The work pieces, made using different machining operations (milling, grinding, etc.), have their quality of finishing described as a function of the machine operation that! each work piece passes through. The respective spectral fractal dimensions of six fractal images (A, B, C, D, E and F) were then obtained. The conjecture is that the ranked results will agree with ranking obtained by both CLA and spectral index methods. Contrarily, the ranked results disagreed with both CLA and spectral trace results. The new method seems superior to both CLA and spectral trace approaches since a higher accuracy and much less computation time is observed. The maximum percentage relative absolute difference is 13.1 %, and the computation time is as short as 3 minutes. " 1 results 1
- A study was undertaken to assess the tractor-hiring unit of Edo state, Nigeria. The criteria used were fleet of equipment, personnel and workshop facilities and its impact on the farming populace in the state. The study adopted the use of a questionnaire and interview schedules. Among the information requested from the respondents were access to services rendered by the unit and increment in farm sizes. Records available at the headquarters and zonal offices of the unit provided additional sources of information. The unit has seven Steyr, 18 Fiat and nine Massey Ferguson tractors, eight ploughs, 17 harrows, seven tipping trailers, two boom sprayers, one fertilizer spreader, three maize shellers, two rotary slashers, one drilling machine, two ridgers and a pick-up van which are located in the various zones of the unit. Most of these equipment are either functional or require minor repairs to be used on the field. There is sufficient number of tractors but insufficient implements to fully utilize them. Workshop facilities and personnel are inadequate. The maintenance culture adopted is customer motivated. This is not a good practice as it has resulted in about 12% of the equipment being abandoned as scraps. There has been a general increase in farm sizes since the introduction of the unit. Some old time peasant farmers have been able to increase the sizes of their cultivated farmlands from below 2.5ha to between 5 and 10ha, while the aggressive new entrants have also been able to establish sizeable farms of over 25ha. This has considerably increased their economic fortunes. Some farmers have however not benefited from the activities of the unit. Three reasons account for this, and these are inability to raise the cost of hiring, the remoteness of their farms, which make them inaccessible to farm machinery and their small holdings, usually below 2.5ha, for which the use of farm machinery is unprofitable. The unit has great potentials for improving the agricultural productivity of the state if the equipment available can be effectively utilized. Recommendations made towards achieving this goal include adoption of regular maintenance culture; staff recruitment, retraining and motivation; upgrading of workshop facilities and establishment of new ones in the zones, and adequate funding by the state government. 1 results 1
- Access to healthcare 1 results 1
- Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient 1 results 1
- Additives 1 results 1
- Adolescents 1 results 1
- African Open Access — Natural Sciences 1 results 1
- African yam bean seed flour 1 results 1
- Agbo 1 results 1
- Airport safety 1 results 1
- Airports require complete safety initiatives with a maximum of 20 minutes response time to distress situation. They are therefore regulated by International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards. However, in Nigeria, airport safety and distress response have been of great concern due to inadequate infrastructure. This study, therefore, examined safety facilities and response capability to distress situations in Nigeria international airports. The effects of haphazard spatial developments within the airports and their environments were also examined. The available infrastructure for safety and distress response initiatives were considered using ICAO check-list to determine their adequacy. Four international airports namely: Murtala Muhammed (Lagos), Aminu Kano (Kano), Nnamdi Azikwe (Abuja), and Port Harcourt were purposively selected. Three questionnaires were administered to 618 airport operators, 369 users and 462 neighbours in soliciting information on various aspects of safety and distress response initiatives including terminal buildings, navigational aids, runways and fire-fighting equipment and adequacy of staff training for operating Safety Management Systems (SMS) effectively. This was complemented with Key Informant Interview (KII) with 12 technical staff from 5 airport operators. Satellite imagery data were used to acquire spatial information on the airports. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data on adequacy of safety facilities, staff training and distress responsiveness. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between safety infrastructure and airport age. Analysis of Variance was used to determine variations in airport operators‘ safety awareness as recommended by ICAO. The KII data were content analysed, while raster model was used to determine the landuse pattern. Analysis were done at p<0.05. Functionality of safety facilities fell short of ICAO standards in all the airports by 30%, 25%, 20% and 10% in Lagos, Kano, Port-Harcourt and Abuja respectively. A positive relationship existed between airport age and obsolescence of safety infrastructure (r=0.12). Lagos airport had the most obsolete safety facilities. KII also revealed breakdown of infrastructure in the airports. There were significant variations in safety awareness among airport operators (F=11.95). Safety awareness was highest among the staff of Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (34.9%) and lowest among airport handling agents (12.2%). Ninety-one percent of airport operators sampled indicated distress response as being poor. Response time varied from 30 minutes in Abuja to 54 minutes in Lagos. Sixty percent of the users considered airport service quality as very low. Forty-six percent of airport operators indicated that they had no training since employed. Spatial analysis of the airports and their environment showed that Lagos and Kano airports suffered safety threats from poor waste management and chaotic traffic patterns. Safety and distress response capacity was relatively low in all the international airports investigated. There is an urgent need for the airports to be managed in line with international standards. Staff training should also be prioritised and spatial developments around airport s need to be controlled. Keywords: Airport safety, Distress response, Spatial development, Civil aviation standards, Nigerian international airports. Word Count: 463 1 results 1
- Alcoholic Herbal Products 1 results 1
- As opposed to healing of wounds that occur in early intrauterine life which heals rapidly and without scarring, postnatal cutaneous wound healing is a complex and dynamic process and the end result is formation of a scar. Although the degree of scarring following any surgery depends on many factors, the likelihood of forming more profound howbeit hypertrophic scar may be more in the dark African skin. This has been noted to be a reason for reduced enthusiasm on the part of some adult Africans from embracing cosmetic surgical procedures. Varying degrees of scarring occur following the repair of clefts in children and the degree of scarring may affect the cosmetic and functional outcome of these repairs. With the advent of SmileTrain intervention in the management of clefts in Nigeria, there has been a great increase in the number of surgeries carried out for cleft lip repair such that the resultant scar from these surgeries needs to be assessed and controlled in order to improve the outcome of the surgical interventions. The aim of this paper therefore is to highlight the different methods by which these scars can be assessed and the assessment incorporated into the outcome measures of cleft lip repair. Method: A literature search on scar assessment using the PubMed was conducted. The articles that were written in English Language were retrieved and reviewed with particular attention to those that focus more on the assessment of linear scars. Parameters employed in each of the assessment tools were noted and the suitability of such tool for our patient population was evaluated. Some of the assessment tools were applied to patients that had cleft lip repair in our centre to determine if they are appropriate for use in our patients and possible modifications for their use were suggested. Result: Several scar assessment tools were indentified. The following were found to be applicable to cleft lip assessment specifically - Visual Analogue Scale, Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), Wound Evaluation Scale (WES), Manchester Scar Scale (MSS), Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale (SBSES). Application of the methods to our patient population reveals that there is need for some form of modification as discussed below in order to achieve best results. Discussion: Patients who come for cleft lip repair present mainly because of the quest of them patients or their parents for improvement in their appearance. On the part of the surgeon however, the repair is necessary in order to restore form (cosmesis) and function. The degree of scarring after surgery has a role to play in outcome because it can affect both form and function. Assessment of post operative scars prompt the surgeon to take measures that will lead to an improvement of outcome in the subsequent patient he operates and the tools used for this assessment should be adequate to provide insight into what needs to be done to ensure improvement. 1 results 1
- As the fluidization of powdered active ingredients is crucial before compressing into desired forms or shapes, the importance of the fluidized bed dryers cannot be overemphasized. Many studies had been carried out to improve the fluidization of particle bed by measuring and controlling process parameters to achieve quality output, but the implementation of these proved cost intensive. This work was focused on developing a control module using conventional low-cost components for monitoring the drying process of fluidized bed dryer. The module was developed following design calculations of parameters required to determine its rated current capacities, and selection of required components. The components used were selected putting in mind cost and durability, without compromising their suitability in achieving the set objectives for the developed control module. Thereafter, a performance test as carried out to ascertain its performance characteristics. From the design calculations, the overall load (current) rating of the module was 13 amperes. Relays, temperature controller and push buttons were major components selected, putting in mind the overall module capacity of 13 amperes. The selected components suitably performed the expected control operations, and the efficiency was over 98%. The control module was able to regulate the drying procedure to achieve a reduced percentage moisture content of 1.4% at 850c drying temperature. The control module performed the expected function at a reduced cost when compared to control units being adopted in the industry for such purpose. Therefore, the module could be further explored for implementation on large scale commercial dryers. 1 results 1
- As the number of internet users and searchable content is increasing day by day, the text and documents become more complex and are becoming more difficult to find and investigate. Efficient search and retrieval of the required information is very critical for the internet users which is becoming a challenge day by day. In this paper we present an ontological model for efficient text-based search functionality. The goal is to let the user explore all available options to find and retrieve the required piece of information. The ontological model is presented for a university website as a case study and some usage scenarios are given. 1 results 1
- Assessment has to be made: (ii) assessment of a bank's performance involves both quantitative and qualitative factors; (iii) there is the problem of identifying banks' inputs and outputs; and (iv) the existence of several heterogeneous ,inputs and outputs. That cannot be easily compared. The study makes use of Data Envelopment Analysis in an attempt to measure the relative efficiency of commercial banks. It was observed that inefficiencies link more to inefficient resource utilisation rather than production scale. Also, Nigerian Banks were noted to be highly operationally inefficient. Hence, it is not sufficient to increase the capital base but it is important to make the environment more competitive, and to improve the absolute efficiency of the industry. 1 results 1
- Assignment Problem 1 results 1
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