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Application of the Gurnham equation in characterizing the compressibility of fonio and sweet potato starches and their paracetamol tablet formulations
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Construction and validation of socio-economic status scale
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Analysis of Students’ Perceived and Actual Weaknesses as Correlates of Performance in Mathematics in Senior Secondary School Certificate Examination in Oyo State Nigeria
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PATH ANALYTIC STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- health workers 3 results 3
- reporting system 3 results 3
- COVID-19 2 results 2
- Cowpea radio-sensitivity 2 results 2
- Cultural values 2 results 2
- Gamma irradiated cowpea seed 2 results 2
- Igbo people 2 results 2
- Ladipo International Market 2 results 2
- Lagos 2 results 2
- Money 2 results 2
- Mutant phenotypes 2 results 2
- Nigeria 2 results 2
- Notifiable diseases 2 results 2
- Pollen mutagenesis 2 results 2
- Reporting of notifiable diseases is essential for control and prevention of outbreak of diseases. In Nigeria, reporting of Notifiable Diseases by health workers has not been adequately documented. This study was conducted to assess health workers knowledge, practices, and factors influencing disease reporting in urban and rural communities in Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the 210 health workers who were responsible for disease reporting at their health facilities. The 33 local government Areas (LGA) of Oyo State were stratified into rural and urban, out of which one rural (Afijio LGA) and one urban (Ibadan North LGA), were randomly selected. All the health facilities in Afijio (39) and Ibadan North (171) were included in the study. One respondent at each health facility (focal person) was then selected and interviewed. A semi-structured, self- administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on knowledge, practices, pattern and factors affecting reporting. The list of diseases included: immediate, routine, international and occupationally notifiable diseases. Knowledge was assessed on a scale of 50 points with score ≥30 as good. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Chi square, t-test and linear regression. Community Health Officers (30.1%), Nurses (26.0%) and Physicians (16.3%), constituted the majority of the respondents. Seventy-two percent (rural- 14.8% and urban- 57.1%) were aware of the existence of disease notification system while 26.5% knew the current strategy for reporting. Mean knowledge score for notifiable diseases among respondents was 27.6±8.4 with group means for rural and urban being 32.0±8.6 and 26.7±8.2 (p<0.001) respectively. About eleven percent (11.2%) of the respondents had good knowledge of the notifiable diseases. Majority (82.8%) of the respondents forwarded their routine health facilities reports to their respective LGA while 17.1% sent theirs to the Ministry of Health. Fifty-six percent of respondents sent reports through their staff while the rest had their facilities report collected by staff from State Ministry of Health and LGA. Main reasons for non-reporting included: lack of training on reporting (84.0%), absence of legal enforcement (58.0%), ignorance of reporting requirements (50.0%) lack of supervision (48.0%) and lack of reporting forms and telephone facilities (38.0%). Health workers that were aware of notification system were five times likely to comply with reporting than those that were not aware. (OR=5.0, 95% C.I = 1.5-17.5). Reporting of notifiable diseases was poor among the health workers at the Local Government level in Oyo State. Lack of training on reporting, absence on legal enforcement and ignorance on reporting requirements were major influencing factors. Regular training, effective supervision and logistic support to all notifiable diseases reporting health workers are recommended. 2 results 2
- Symbol 2 results 2
- This article is a product of an ethnographic study of Ladipo International Market, Lagos Nigeria, focusing on symbolic representations of money among the Igbo traders in the space. Interactions amongst the traders, and with their clients have led to the development of form of relationships with shared interests and meanings. These, coupled with the organisational culture of the market, contribute to its peculiarity, and are critical to successful business transactions. This article identifies the practices, ideas and objects the traders symbolically construct as money, and how the constructs mediate intra- and inter- group relations, and finally identifies the patterns in the traders' behaviours and social relationships when money mediates exchanges, and how symbolic meanings further reshape social relationships. The focus is not only to understand the observable phenomenon, but also to unveil the meanings that underlay the practice. The study adopted ethnographic approach, using such methods as in-depth interviews, participant observation and life history. Relevant documents were also consulted. Collected data were analysed qualitatively. The study establishes that 'importation', 'imara anya ahia' (knowledge of trading skills), 'containers' and exotic cars are symbols of money. Relationships are structured along the social categories engendered by these symbols on the one hand, and 'Master' and 'nwaboy' (apprentice) line on the other hand, with each further invoking relational patterns and meanings. 2 results 2
- Ultra-violet irradiated pollen 2 results 2
- Abia Family Structure 1 results 1
- Admission 1 results 1
- African women 1 results 1
- Aims. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterised by impulsive anger attacks that vary greatly across individuals in severity and consequence. Understanding IED subtypes has been limited by lack of large, general population datasets including assessment of IED. Using the 17-country World Mental Health surveys dataset, this study examined whether behavioural subtypes of IED are associated with differing patterns of comorbidity, suicidality and functional impairment. Methods. IED was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in the World Mental Health surveys (n = 45 266). Five behavioural subtypes were created based on type of anger attack. Logistic regression assessed association of these subtypes with lifetime comorbidity, lifetime suicidality and 12-month functional impairment. Results. The lifetime prevalence of IED in all countries was 0.8% (S.E.: 0.0). The two subtypes involving anger attacks that harmed people (‘hurt people only’ and ‘destroy property and hurt people’), collectively comprising 73% of those with IED, were characterised by high rates of externalising comorbid disorders. The remaining three subtypes involving anger attacks that destroyed property only, destroyed property and threatened people, and threatened people only, were characterized by higher rates of internalising than externalising comorbid disorders. Suicidal behaviour did not vary across the five behavioural subtypes but was higher among those with (v. those without) comorbid disorders, and among those who perpetrated more violent assaults. Conclusions. The most common IED behavioural subtypes in these general population samples are associated with high rates of externalising disorders. This contrasts with the findings from clinical studies of IED, which observe a preponderance of internalising disorder comorbidity. This disparity in findings across population and clinical studies, together with the marked heterogeneity that characterizes the diagnostic entity of IED, suggests that it is a disorder that requires much greater research. 1 results 1
- Airport safety 1 results 1
- Airports require complete safety initiatives with a maximum of 20 minutes response time to distress situation. They are therefore regulated by International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards. However, in Nigeria, airport safety and distress response have been of great concern due to inadequate infrastructure. This study, therefore, examined safety facilities and response capability to distress situations in Nigeria international airports. The effects of haphazard spatial developments within the airports and their environments were also examined. The available infrastructure for safety and distress response initiatives were considered using ICAO check-list to determine their adequacy. Four international airports namely: Murtala Muhammed (Lagos), Aminu Kano (Kano), Nnamdi Azikwe (Abuja), and Port Harcourt were purposively selected. Three questionnaires were administered to 618 airport operators, 369 users and 462 neighbours in soliciting information on various aspects of safety and distress response initiatives including terminal buildings, navigational aids, runways and fire-fighting equipment and adequacy of staff training for operating Safety Management Systems (SMS) effectively. This was complemented with Key Informant Interview (KII) with 12 technical staff from 5 airport operators. Satellite imagery data were used to acquire spatial information on the airports. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data on adequacy of safety facilities, staff training and distress responsiveness. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between safety infrastructure and airport age. Analysis of Variance was used to determine variations in airport operators‘ safety awareness as recommended by ICAO. The KII data were content analysed, while raster model was used to determine the landuse pattern. Analysis were done at p<0.05. Functionality of safety facilities fell short of ICAO standards in all the airports by 30%, 25%, 20% and 10% in Lagos, Kano, Port-Harcourt and Abuja respectively. A positive relationship existed between airport age and obsolescence of safety infrastructure (r=0.12). Lagos airport had the most obsolete safety facilities. KII also revealed breakdown of infrastructure in the airports. There were significant variations in safety awareness among airport operators (F=11.95). Safety awareness was highest among the staff of Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (34.9%) and lowest among airport handling agents (12.2%). Ninety-one percent of airport operators sampled indicated distress response as being poor. Response time varied from 30 minutes in Abuja to 54 minutes in Lagos. Sixty percent of the users considered airport service quality as very low. Forty-six percent of airport operators indicated that they had no training since employed. Spatial analysis of the airports and their environment showed that Lagos and Kano airports suffered safety threats from poor waste management and chaotic traffic patterns. Safety and distress response capacity was relatively low in all the international airports investigated. There is an urgent need for the airports to be managed in line with international standards. Staff training should also be prioritised and spatial developments around airport s need to be controlled. Keywords: Airport safety, Distress response, Spatial development, Civil aviation standards, Nigerian international airports. Word Count: 463 1 results 1
- Anti-corruption agencies 1 results 1
- Arts & Humanities 1 results 1
- Assessment and testing 1 results 1
- Asthma is one of the most prevalent non-communicable respiratory diseases in less developed countries. Nigeria ranks 49th in asthma prevalence among children worldwide. Previous studies have focused on asthma triggers and the seasonal pattern of asthma in children, yet they have not examined the influence of household attributes and activities on asthma prevention and management among children. This study was, therefore, designed to examine the perceived factors responsible for asthma in children, perceived household attributes and activities influencing its prevention and management, the influence of intergenerational factors and the pathways for seeking care for children living with asthma in Ibadan.The Health Belief Model served as the framework, while cross-sectional survey design was employed. The University College Hospital (Tertiary Hospital), Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (State Hospital), while Our Lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital (Private Hospital) were purposively selected. A sample of 273 respondents was drawn using Cochran (1977) formula. Purposive sampling was used to administer a structured questionnaire to parents of children aged 6 to 14 years, and physician-diagnosed asthma patients attending asthma clinics comprising UCH (124), Adeoyo Maternity Hospital (84) and Our Lady of Apostles Catholic Hospital (65). In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 children living with asthma in each of the hospitals, while Key Informant Interviews were also conducted with health practitioners in each of the hospitals. Six case studies were conducted with grandparents of children living with asthma to probe the influence of intergenerational factors. The Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential (chi-square and logistic regression) statistics at p≤0.05, while the qualitative data were content analysed.The Respondents’ age was 37±5.7years, 87.2% were female, while 63.8% had tertiary education. A majority (67.0%) lived in rented houses, while 69.6% used upholstered furniture and 73.6% used asbestos as roofing material. Nearly half (45.9%) perceived asthma to be caused by environmental factors (dust, smoke and weather conditions), inherited factors (37.5%), spiritual attack (13.0%), and punishment for sin (3.5%). Cooking methods (90.1%), cooking fuel (79.1%) and poor ventilation (72.9%) were reported as household attributes triggering asthma in children. Activities such as frying (χ2=6.00), baking (χ2=6.30) and laundry (χ2=7.14) were significantly associated with regularity of asthma attacks. The respondents’ religion (χ2=10.26), income (χ2=29.58), family type (χ2=15.18), ownership of house (χ2=8.77), type of house (χ2=23.88), education (χ2=52.07), household size (χ2=18.14), age of children living with asthma (χ2=6.14), occupation (χ2=18.60) and household decision making (χ2=4.20) were significantly related to treatment pathways. Family history of asthma was vital in its management in children. Grandparents’ experiences of use of natural home remedies such as honey, pawpaw leaves, camphor, mango seeds and turmeric were reported in the management of children with asthma. Household attributes and activities of children living with asthma in Ibadan influenced the prevention of asthma and was moderated by socio economic status, while natural home remedies were used in the management of asthma. Households with children living with asthma should improve housing conditions and cooking technologies. 1 results 1
- Asthmapreventionandmanagement. 1 results 1
- Background: A number of empirical relationships have been proposed to describe the compaction of pharmaceutical materials, among them are the Heckel, Kawakita and Gurnham equations. Objective: To characterize the compressibility of fonio, sweet potato and corn starches and their paracetamol formulations using the Gurnham and Kawakita equations, and to determine the complementarity of these equations. Materials and Methods: Starches were extracted from fonio (Digitaria exilis) grains and sweet potato (Ipomea batatas) tubers and modified by acid hydrolysis for 96 h. Paracetamol formulations containing 2.5–10.0 %w/w starch binders were prepared by wet granulation. Packing and compaction properties of native and modified starches and their formulations were determined using tapping procedures. The data obtained was analyzed using the Gurnham and Kawakita equations. Results: The ranking for Gurnham compressibility, c, for the starches was sweet potatocornfonio, which was inversely related to the ranking for Kawakita maximum volume reduction, a and angle of internal flow, θ. There was no clear-cut pattern in the Gurnham compressibility of paracetamol formulation probably due to its multicomponent nature. There was correlation between c, a and θ for all the starches with the modified starches exhibiting higher compressibility than native starches. There appeared to be no correlation between c and Kawakita compressibility index, b. Conclusion: The Gurnham equation appeared useful in characterising compressibility in single component systems and could be used along with Kawakita functions, to gain a better understanding of the deformation of powdered materials under pressure. 1 results 1
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