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IMPROVING VISION IMPAIRED USERS ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC RESOURCES IN E-LEARNING ENVIRONMENT WITH MODIFIED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
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ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG YORUBA WOMEN TEXTILE TRADERS AT BALOGUN MARKET- LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
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ASSESSMENT OF DETRIMENTAL HEALTH EFFECT OF RADIATION ASSOCIATED WITH DIAGNOSTIC X-RAY EXAMINATIONS AT FOUR CENTRES IN NIGERIA
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Assessment of Detrimental Health Effect of Radiation Associated with Diagnostic X-Ray Examinations at Four Centres in Nigeria
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VISUAL-BASED TRAINING METHOD AND SAFE PRODUCTION PRACTICES IN THE BREWING INDUSTRY IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- International Law 4 results 4
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- Background: In Nigeria, as in other developing countries, access to training in research ethics is limited, due to weak social, economic, and health infrastructure. The project described in this article was designed to develop the capacity of academic staff of the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria to conduct ethically acceptable research involving human participants. Methods: Three in-depth interviews and one focus group discussion were conducted to assess the training needs of participants. A research ethics training workshop was then conducted with College of Medicine faculty. A 23-item questionnaire that assessed knowledge of research ethics, application of principles of ethics, operations of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) and ethics reasoning was developed to be a pre-post test evaluation of the training workshop. Ninety-seven workshop participants completed the questionnaire before and after the workshop; 59 of them completed a second post-test questionnaire one month after the workshop. Results: The trainees came from a multi-disciplinary background including medicine, nursing, pharmacy, social science and laboratory science. The mean scores for knowledge of the principles of research ethics rose from 0.67 out of 3 points at pre-test to 2.25 at post-test (p < 0.05). Also, 42% correctly mentioned one international guideline or regulation at pretest, with most of those knowing of the Declaration of Helsinki. Trainees' knowledge of the operations of an IRB increased from 6.05 at pre-test to 6.29 at post test out of 7 points. Overall, participants retained much of the knowledge acquired from the workshop one month after its completion. Conclusion: The training improved participants' knowledge of principles of research ethics, international guidelines and regulations and operations of IRBs. It thus provided an opportunity for research ethics capacity development among academic staff in a developing country institution. 2 results 2
- Cancer risk assessment 2 results 2
- Diagnostic x-ray examinations 2 results 2
- Effective dose 2 results 2
- Ionising radiation 2 results 2
- Nigeria 2 results 2
- Patient dose 2 results 2
- Victims 2 results 2
- Activity-based method 1 results 1
- Africa 1 results 1
- Airport safety 1 results 1
- Airports require complete safety initiatives with a maximum of 20 minutes response time to distress situation. They are therefore regulated by International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) standards. However, in Nigeria, airport safety and distress response have been of great concern due to inadequate infrastructure. This study, therefore, examined safety facilities and response capability to distress situations in Nigeria international airports. The effects of haphazard spatial developments within the airports and their environments were also examined. The available infrastructure for safety and distress response initiatives were considered using ICAO check-list to determine their adequacy. Four international airports namely: Murtala Muhammed (Lagos), Aminu Kano (Kano), Nnamdi Azikwe (Abuja), and Port Harcourt were purposively selected. Three questionnaires were administered to 618 airport operators, 369 users and 462 neighbours in soliciting information on various aspects of safety and distress response initiatives including terminal buildings, navigational aids, runways and fire-fighting equipment and adequacy of staff training for operating Safety Management Systems (SMS) effectively. This was complemented with Key Informant Interview (KII) with 12 technical staff from 5 airport operators. Satellite imagery data were used to acquire spatial information on the airports. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse data on adequacy of safety facilities, staff training and distress responsiveness. Pearson correlation was used to determine the relationship between safety infrastructure and airport age. Analysis of Variance was used to determine variations in airport operators‘ safety awareness as recommended by ICAO. The KII data were content analysed, while raster model was used to determine the landuse pattern. Analysis were done at p<0.05. Functionality of safety facilities fell short of ICAO standards in all the airports by 30%, 25%, 20% and 10% in Lagos, Kano, Port-Harcourt and Abuja respectively. A positive relationship existed between airport age and obsolescence of safety infrastructure (r=0.12). Lagos airport had the most obsolete safety facilities. KII also revealed breakdown of infrastructure in the airports. There were significant variations in safety awareness among airport operators (F=11.95). Safety awareness was highest among the staff of Federal Airports Authority of Nigeria (34.9%) and lowest among airport handling agents (12.2%). Ninety-one percent of airport operators sampled indicated distress response as being poor. Response time varied from 30 minutes in Abuja to 54 minutes in Lagos. Sixty percent of the users considered airport service quality as very low. Forty-six percent of airport operators indicated that they had no training since employed. Spatial analysis of the airports and their environment showed that Lagos and Kano airports suffered safety threats from poor waste management and chaotic traffic patterns. Safety and distress response capacity was relatively low in all the international airports investigated. There is an urgent need for the airports to be managed in line with international standards. Staff training should also be prioritised and spatial developments around airport s need to be controlled. Keywords: Airport safety, Distress response, Spatial development, Civil aviation standards, Nigerian international airports. Word Count: 463 1 results 1
- Amount of water that may be extracted from an aquifer without depletion is primarily dependent on recharge. Thus, a quantitative evaluation of spatial and temporal groundwater recharge distribution is a pre-requisite for operating groundwater resource system in an optimal manner. A step-by step procedure of National Resources Conservation Services (NRCS) was used to estimate groundwater recharge based upon modified soil moisture balance approach at the University of Ibadan which covers about 1032 hectares of land. The methodology incorporates the theory of NRCS method of finding storage index. Water recharges were highest in sandy clay loam (59.0% Sand, 11.4% Silt, 29.6% Clay) between 113.1-122.5cm/hr, followed by sandy clay (58.1% sand, 8.9% silt, 33.0% clay) with values between 41.6- 55.3cm/hr and sandy clay (56.8% sand, 7.5% silt, 35.7% clay) between 38.4-47.9cm/hr. This methodology gives better estimates of groundwater recharge because it takes into consideration climatic data, land use pattern and soil properties of study location. However, conventional methods of precipitation minus evapotranspiration minus runoff, is subjective to measurement errors and the method of calculating groundwater recharge by multiplying a constant specific yield value by the water table rise over a certain time interval may also be erroneous, especially in shallow aquifers. 1 results 1
- Anti-corruption agencies 1 results 1
- Armed Conflicts 1 results 1
- Assistive Technology (ATs) provide means through which persons with visual impairment are empowered with adaptive devices and methods for accessing multimedia information. However, the degree of sensitivity and specificity values for access to electronic resources by visual impaired persons varies. Existing ATs were designed as “one model fits all” (static calibration requirements), thereby limiting the usability by vision impaired users in an e-learning environment. The study presents a Dynamic Thresholding Model (DTM) that adaptively adjusts the vision parameters to meet the calibration requirements of vision impaired users. Data from International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems of World Health Organisation (WHO) containing 1001 instances of visual impairment measures were obtained from 2008 to 2013. The users’ vision parameters of WHO for Visual Acuity Range (VAR) were adopted. These were: VAR ≥ 0.3(299); 0.1 < VAR < 0.3(182); 0.07 ≤ VAR < 0.1(364); 0.05 ≤ VAR < 0.07(120); 0.02 ≤ VAR < 0.05(24); and VAR < 0.02(12). Data for six VAR groups were partitioned into 70% (700) and 30% (301) for training and testing, respectively. Data for the six groups were transformed into 3-bits encoding to facilitate model derivation. The DTM was developed with calibrator parameters (Visual Acuity (Va), Print Size (Ps) and Reading Rate (Rr)) for low acuity, adaptive vision calibrator and dynamic thresholding. The VAR from the developed DTM was used to predict the optimal operating range and accuracy value on observed WHO dataset irrespective of the grouping. Six-epochs were conducted for each thresholding value to determine the sensitivity and specificity values relative to the False Negative Rate (FNR) and False Positive Rate (FPR), respectively, which are evidences of misclassification. The 3-bit encoding coupled with the DTM yielded optimised equations of the form: .1718.172436.14985.834508.07474.19383.128042.5730703.5976073.4631RrPsVaOPRrVaPsOPRrVaPsOP Where OP1, OP2 and OP3 represent the first, second and third bit, respectively. Five local maxima accuracy and one global maximum threshold values were obtained from the DTM. Local maxima threshold values were 0.455, 0.470, 0.515, 0.530, and 0.580, with corresponding percentage accuracy of 99.257, 99.343, 99.171, 99.229, and 99.429. Global maximum accuracy was 99.6 at threshold value of 0.5. The Va, Ps, and Rr produced equal numbers of observations (301) agreeing with the result in WHO report. Correctly classified user impairment was 99.89%, with error rate of 0.11%. The model predicted sensitivity value of 99.79% (0.21 FNR), and specificity value of 99.52% (0.48 FPR). The developed dynamic thresholding model adaptively classified various degrees of visual impairment for vision impaired users. 1 results 1
- Assistive technology 1 results 1
- Attitude 1 results 1
- Avian influenza 1 results 1
- Background: Surgical outcomes study for individual nations remains important because of international differences in patterns of surgical disease. We aimed to contribute to data on post-operative complications, critical care admissions and mortality following elective surgery in Nigeria and also validate the African Surgical Outcomes Study (ASOS) surgical risk calculator in our adult patient cohort. Materials and methods: We conducted a 7-day, national prospective observational cohort study in consented consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery with a planned overnight hospital stay following elective surgery during a seven-day study period. The outcome measures were in-hospital postoperative complications, critical care admissions and in-hospital mortality censored at 30 days. Also, we identified variables which significantly contributed to higher ASOS surgical risk score. External validation was performed using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) for discrimination assessment and Hosmer–Lemeshow test for calibration. Results: A total of 1,425 patients from 79 hospitals participated in the study. Postoperative complications occurred in 264(18.5%, 95% CI 16.6–20.6), 20(7.6%) of whom were admitted into the ICU and 16(6.0%) did not survive. Total ICU admission was 57 (4%), with mortality rate of 23.5% following planned admission and overall in-hospital death was 22(1.5%, 95% CI 0.9–2.2). All prognostic factors in the ASOS risk calculator were significantly associated with higher ASOS score and the scoring system showed moderate discrimination (0⋅73, 95% CI 0.62–0.83). Hosmer–Lemeshow χ2 test revealed scale was well calibrated in the validation cohort. Conclusion: NiSOS validates the findings of ASOS and the ability of the ASOS surgical risk calculator to predict risk of developing severe postoperative complications and mortality. We identified failure-to-rescue as a problem in Nigeria. Furthermore, this study has provided policy makers with benchmarks that can be used to monitor programmes aimed at reducing the morbidity and mortality after elective surgery. We recommend the adoption of the ASOS surgical risk calculator as a tool for risk stratification preoperatively for elective surgery. 1 results 1
- Background: To compare simultaneous surgery with sequential surgery for the treatment of bilateral congenital cataracts in children younger than three years at a tertiary hospital in a resource-limited setting in order to facilitate informed decision making by parents and healthcare providers. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of children below three years who had bilateral surgery for congenital cataracts between 2010 and 2016 at the paediatric ophthalmology unit of a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. Data on demographic characteristics, type of surgery, delays in care, time interval between surgery and optical rehabilitation, direct cost of care, systemic associations and surgical complications were retrieved, descriptively summarized and compared for both groups. Results: There were 40 eligible patients, 25 (62.5%) of which were males. Age at presentation ranged from 4-128 weeks with a median of 28 weeks. Twenty-four (60%) patients had simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery. Patients who underwent sequential cataract surgery had higher direct costs and accumulated hospital stay, and were more likely to experience delays in accessing second procedures as well as post-operative optical rehabilitation. No anesthetic or other serious ocular complications such as endophthalmitis were noted in either group. Conclusion: Although there were similarly low complication rates in both groups, we observed higher direct costs of care, longer duration of hospital stay, as well as longer intervals before second surgeries and visual rehabilitation in the sequential group. Therefore, simultaneous cataract surgeries may be the preferable option in resource-limited settings like ours, where health care financing is mainly through out-of-pocket expenses. 1 results 1
- Balogun Market 1 results 1
- Biology 1 results 1
- Birth Interval 1 results 1
- COVID-19 1 results 1
- COVID-19 pandemic 1 results 1
- Cassava root age 1 results 1
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- Annual Survey of International & Comparative Law 1 results 1
- California Western International Law Journal 1 results 1
- Duke Journal of Comparative & International Law 1 results 1
- International Journal of Sociology and Anthropology 1 results 1
- Journal of Biology and Life Science 1 results 1
- PLOS Global Public Health 1 results 1
- Utrecht Journal of International and European Law 1 results 1
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