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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Abelmoschus Esculentus. 1 results 1
- African Heritage Research Library Nigeria 1 results 1
- Background Suboptimal infant vaccination is common in Nigeria and multiple interventions have been deployed to address the situation. Child health indicators are reported to be worse in urban slums compared with other urban areas, but urban data are usually not disaggregated to show these disparities. Examining the timeliness and completion of infant vaccination in urban slums is important to determine the effectiveness of existing interventions in improving infant vaccination among this vulnerable population. This study explored the trends of infant vaccination in selected urban slum communities in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria between November 2014 and October 2018. Methods This was a cross sectional study where infant vaccination data were extracted from the immunization clinic records of six primary health care centers that were providing infant vaccination services for seven urban slum communities. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test at α = 05. Results A total of 5,934 infants vaccination records were reviewed, 2,895 (48.8%) were for female infants and 3,002(50.6%) were from Muslim families. Overall, only 0.6% infants had both timely and complete vaccination during the four years under study. The highest number of infants with timely and complete vaccination were seen in 2015(12.2%) and least in 2018 (2.9%). Regarding timeliness of the vaccines, BCG, was the least timely among the vaccines given at birth and the pentavalent and oral polio vaccines’ timeliness reduced as the age of the infants increased. Both yellow fever and measles vaccines were timelier than th(12.1%). Those from Muslim families significantly had delayed and incomplete vaccinations compared with those from Chrisitan families (p = 0.026). Conclusion Infant vaccinations were significantly delayed and incomplete in the study communities during the years reviewed. More focused interventions are required to ensure optimal vaccination of the infants. epentavalent vaccines. Vaccines were most timely in 2016(31.3%) and least timely in 2018 1 results 1
- Background: Rape is the most common form of violence in conflict and refugee situations but because of the associated stigma few cases are reported. This study assessed the outcome of an intervention targeted at women groups on the utilization of medical services by rape survivors in refugee camps in Zambia. Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental community-based intervention study was carried out in two refugee camps allocated into intervention and comparison areas. The intervention was participatory education sessions for women groups. Data was collected using the clinic records and the main outcome was the number of rape survivors who utilized and completed medical services provided at the camp clinics. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out with level of significance set at 5%. Results: The proportion of the rape survivors who accessed medical care within 72 hours increased significantly from 41.2% to 84.8% in the intervention area but from 31.1% to 38.9% in the comparison area, (p=0.005). Those who completed their medical treatment and the follow-up visits increased significantly from 42.8% to 94.8% in intervention area but reduced from 38.5% to 21.4% in the comparison area, (p=0.002). Being resident in the intervention area predicted the utilization of medical services, [OR: 3.15; 95%CI: 1.955-5.681], p=0.002. Conclusion: Community-based intervention using participatory women’s group discussion had a significant impact on increasing the utilization of medical services by rape survivors and should be considered for scaling up as a key intervention for increasing utilization of medical services for rape survivors especially in refugee situations. 1 results 1
- Conflict resolution 1 results 1
- Ethnic hatred 1 results 1
- Genocide 1 results 1
- HIV 1 results 1
- Heavy Metals 1 results 1
- INTRODUCTION: Mother-to-child transmission is the major route of pediatric Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection accounting for 90% of childhood HIV infection. Poor utilization of prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV services has been shown in this situation. Hence, the study assessed the perception and utilization of PMTCT services among Women Living with HIV (WLHIV). METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was used with a purposive sampling technique to select 182 WLHIV within reproductive age attending President’s Emergency Plan for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Relief (PEPFAR)/AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) clinic in two secondary Health facilities in Ibadan, Oyo State. A validated structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the women was 37.0±6.5 years. Majority (74.2%) of the respondents had good knowledge on PMTCT of HIV, positive perception (89%) towards PMTCT services while only 42.9% of the respondents have utilized PMTCT services during pregnancy. However, some of the challenges to use of PMTCT services identified by the respondents were stigma (16.5%), discrimination (15.4%), financial constraint (11.5%) and non-involvement of partner (8.2%). There was a significant association between level of knowledge and PMTCT services utilization (χ2=6.244, p=0.012). CONCLUSIONS: There is need for improvement of knowledge and perception of HIV, MTCT and PMTCT among women through counseling and antenatal education, thereby increasing PMTCT services uptake. Partner involvement, good quality PMTCT services and lack of discrimination of people living with HIV in our society should be encouraged, hence promoting the utilization of PMTCT services. 1 results 1
- Ibadan 1 results 1
- Infant vaccination 1 results 1
- Iterative solution, 1 results 1
- Lagos 1 results 1
- Library services 1 results 1
- Medical services 1 results 1
- Monte Carlo 1 results 1
- Optimization of hatchery production processes was carried out using the Monte Carlo method. In the economics of engineering, decisions with the objective of the investor identifying an optimum solution. An investor chooses his or her optimal solution from the set of scenarios that offer maximum expected return for varying levels of risk. Outcomes associated with these random numbers are then analysed to determine the likely results and the associated risks. Taking a major day old hatchery as a case study, data were obtained from the daily production spreadsheet for a period of six years (2003-2008). Excel spreadsheet was used in simulating 6,631 iterations for each day old chick production quantity. Hatching 45000 fertile eggs always yields the largest expected profit when compared with the profit margin of hatching 5000, 15000, 25000 or 35000 fertile eggs. Therefore it appears as if hatching 45000 fertile eggs is the optimum production decision. Producing below the optimum production quantity, the mean profit obtained is very much lowered compared to the mean profit of the optimum 45000 production quantity. Also, production risks are higher below the optimum 45000 production quantity. This situation implies underutilization of the hatchery production system. 1 results 1
- Optimum production, 1 results 1
- Over the recent years, sexual activities among students in Secondary Schools in Nigeria, particularly those in urban areas, are thought to be high and increasing. The resultant unwanted pregnancies and illegal abortions among these young unmarried population are creating social and health problems (Nichols, et al, 1986). According to previous research findings, included in the causative factors responsible for this unfortunate situation, cure the problems of poor knowledge of Family Life (Sex Education) and Reproductive Health Education and Contraception, negative attitude towards contraceptive services, low and ineffective use of contraceptives due to low accessibility to family planning services. Therefore, the present Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) study was carried out in order to assess the level of contraceptive awareness and utilization amongst Students in Secondary Schools in- Ibadan North-East- Local Government Area of Oyo State. After the pretesting, a total number of 766 questionnaires were finally administered to students in the Senior Classes in four (4) Secondary Schools in the Local Government Area using a combination of proportional stratified and systematic random sampling techniques. The selected four (4) schools consists of one Boys' only, Girls' only and two mixed schools. Out of this number, a total of 744 duly completed questionnaires were subsequently analysed. The result showed that 484(65.1%) respondents had the correct knowledge of some modern methods of contraception, and out of this figure, 183(37.8%) mentioned condom as a popular method of contraception among them. Although, attitudinal disposition of the respondents towards contraceptive use was as high as 76.0%, however, the results showed a very low level of contraceptive utilization among them (15.7%), Based on these findings, it is suggested that Family Life and Reproductive Health Education including contraceptive counselling services should be introduced in the secondary schools in the L.G.A. 1 results 1
- Participatory group discussion 1 results 1
- Poultry Litter Management 1 results 1
- Poultry litter constitutes one of the animal wastes that are produced in large quantity. Information on the quantity generated may enhance planning for its utilisation. Quantification of poultry litter (PL) generated and its utilisation is rare in Nigeria. This study was designed to investigate PL management in Lagos, Nigeria and possible utilisation potential. Questionnaires were distributed to poultry farmers in Lagos to evaluate poultry waste generation and management practices. Additionally, PL was also quantified from selected farms. Greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate the agronomic effects of raw and composted PL (each applied at 0, 5, 10 t/ha and replicated four times) on the growth and heavy metals uptake of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra). Poultry farms were situated in the residential, non-residential and industrial areas with non-residential areas housing a larger percentage. About 53% of the farms were located near rivers or streams. A few of the poultry farmers treated and utilised PL using chemical and physical methods before disposal. Also, no record of waste utilization was found in 72.3% of the farms. About 87.4% of the farmers quantified the PL generated. About 89.3% of the farmers disposed PL in open dumpsites. Mean poultry litter generated from four farms per bird/day was 0.11 ± 0.001 kg. The HMs contents in plants grown on the poultry treated soils were below the permissible levels in soil. The heavy metals concentrations in the leaves and fruits (which are usually the edible parts of okra plants) for all the treatments fall within WHO/FAO permissible levels. Overall, soil amended with 5 t/ha composted poultry litter performed best in terms of fruit production and reduction in HMs uptake. The use of composted poultry litter as fertiliser at calculated quantity will increase PL management. 1 results 1
- Profit, 1 results 1
- Rape survivors 1 results 1
- Rebellion and diplomacy have played considerable roles in international politics in the last two decades. Both phenomena, however, have failed to resolve many crises and conflict of interests that have plagued the African continent. Studies have been done on the causes and effects of these conflicts. However, substantial attention has not been paid to the centrality of diplomacy in the conflict processes. By drawing the contours of successes and failures of diplomacy, this study investigated the consequences, challenges and effects of diplomacy in the Rwandan conflict, one of the deadliest conflicts in Africa. The study utilized both primary and secondary data. Survey method, in-depth interviews and Focus Groups Discussions (FGDs) were utilized to source primary data. These include: 146 unstructured key informant interviews with 14 academic staff of the National University of Rwanda (NUR), two staffers of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), four journalists, four members of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), seven members of the Association of Widows and Victims of Genocide amongst Women (AVEGA), 14 genocide site guides, nine Gacaca members and four war crime prisoners. Eleven FGDs involving undergraduate and postgraduate students of NUR were also conducted. Secondary data were drawn from library and archival documents. The study employed a descriptive and content analysis approach. Ethics of humanitarian intervention was a major factor that made decisive action slow, or impossible in emergency situations by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU). Similar provisions in the OAU charter principles made the organisation incapable of effectively dealing with ethno-chauvinistic conflicts. Focus Groups Discussions emphasized competing and incompatible goals and exercise of state power as sources of many conflicts in Africa. Rebel movements emerged where democratic processes failed, leading to civil wars and genocides. The growing number of these crises, conflicts and civil wars therefore, led to the increasing demand for new conflict resolutions, transformations, and post-conflict reconciliatory initiatives that require direct intervention beyond the purview of the O.A.U charter. Such interventions require defining, acceptable and workable power sharing arrangements. In the specific case of Rwanda, these requirements were complicated by neo-colonial manipulations, inciting ethnic hatred and genocide. Thus, the failures of African and international diplomacy were central to the occurrence of genocide and its devastating effects in Rwanda. These failures were repeated in the post-conflict reconstruction process, where political intrigues and diplomatic inconsistencies in the workings of ICTR prolonged the process of healing and reconciliation amongst the people. The Rwandan case revealed how rebellion could degenerate into genocide in a divided society, where leadership is overwhelmed by sectarian struggles. Effective diplomacy will require a larger regional framework of conflict management that affords the opportunity for quick intervention. African leaders within the framework of African Union (AU) should encourage their peers to respect the sanctity of human life, and its centrality to development and governance, by creating an effective mechanism for solving conflicts in Africa. The proposed AU standby force needs to be established and strengthened, to encourage diplomatic methods of negotiation and compromise in order to prevent a quick recourse to violence by opposition forces. 1 results 1
- Rebellion, Diplomacy 1 results 1
- Risk analysis, 1 results 1
- Rural women 1 results 1
- Rural women remain the most underprivileged group of the developing societies because of lack of empowerment. In the recent years, there are diverse government and non-governmental organisations and initiatives aimed at empowering rural women in order to alleviate their sufferings yet a lot of rural women are not empowered. Information is recognized as power, a critical resource and sine-qua non for true empowerment and library is an important store house of information. This paper discusses roles of libraries to rural dwellers and the importance of information in empowerment. The study adopted a qualitative approach with case study research method. Data was collected from twelve rural women (users) and four members of the management of African Heritage Research Library and Cultural Centre (AHRLC) through interview, focus group and inspection of AHRLC facilities. AHRLC is a private library situated at Adeyipo, a village in Lagelu local government area of Oyo State Nigeria. The findings of the study revealed that library services such as education support services (literacy programme, reading programme, seminars and talks), economic support services (workshops and demonstration farms), culture and recreation support services were available at AHRLC and utilized by rural women at Adeyipo and its environs. Subsequently, AHRLC was perceived by rural women as solution, civilization and all purpose centre. However, lack of funds, electricity, trained manpower and motorable road were major challenges facing AHRLC. Finally, some recommendations were made as way out of the challenges 1 results 1
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