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EFFECTS OF POSTHARVEST HANDLING METHODS AND STORAGE CONDITIONS ON STORABILITY OF PEPPER (Capsicum frutescens L.) FRUITS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
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Development of model to predict the compressive strength of concrete using schmidt hammer
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 6 results 6
- Cercopithecus sclateri 5 results 5
- Taboo 4 results 4
- Conservation 3 results 3
- Crop raiding 3 results 3
- Human-wildlife conflict 3 results 3
- Indigenous belief systems and informal institutions that result in the conservation of wild species or sites exemplify biocultural conservation. The erosion of cultural beliefs and practices can have adverse, often severe, consequences for biodiversity. We explored the relationships among informal institutions, religion, and human attitudes toward sacred populations of a threatened, endemic species, Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri), in two communities in southeastern Nigeria. Due to habitat loss and hunting pressure across the species’ range, monkeys in these two sites live alongside people, raid farms and gardens, and are commonly viewed as pests. Using structured (n = 410) and semi-structured (n = 21) interviews, we examined factors influencing residents’ views of the monkeys, mechanisms affecting adherence to social taboos against harming monkeys, and implications for conservation. Our analyses revealed that most residents, particularly those from one community, women, and farmers, held negative opinions of the monkeys. Crop and garden raiding by monkeys had the most adverse effect on people’s attitudes. Although the adoption of Christianity weakened residents’ views regarding the no-killing taboos, continued adherence to the taboos was particularly influenced by supernatural retribution in one site and community disapproval in the other. Only one community widely conferred symbolic importance on the monkeys. Such site differences illustrate the value of local cultural understanding in conservation. Pre-intervention studies of this nature allow for the development of locally and culturally sensitive conservation programs, as well as better-informed assessments of what interventions are most likely to be effective. 3 results 3
- Primate 3 results 3
- Monitoring 2 results 2
- Sclater’s monkey 2 results 2
- A distribution survey of the endangered Sclater’s monkey (Cercopithecus sclateri) was conducted over a wide area in southern Nigeria using forest surveys and hunter interviews. Sclater’s monkey, Nigeria’s only endemic primate species, is restricted to a land area of about 28,500 km2 in the densely human-populated, oil-producing region of southern Nigeria. Results indicate that this species is not as rare as previously thought; we confirmed its presence in 27 formerly unknown sites. Based on encounter-rate and distribution data, Sclater’s monkey is one of the two most abundant diurnal primate taxa across its range. However, the species primarily occupies isolated and degraded forest fragments. Although hunting is widespread, selective hunting of larger-bodied primate taxa offers some respite for the smaller Sclater’s monkey. We encountered this species more frequently in forests with relatively high hunting pressure, possibly indicating competitive release in the heavily hunted forests of southern Nigeria. Long-term persistence of Sclater’s monkey, which has no official protection throughout its range, depends on the willingness of hunters to target smaller-bodied wildlife (effortprofit trade-off), local bushmeat demand and protection of key forest fragments and the few larger forests in the region. 1 results 1
- Although primates are hunted on a global scale, some species are protected against harassment and killing by taboos or religious doctrines. Sites where the killing of sacred monkeys or the destruction of sacred groves is forbidden may be integral to the conservation of certain species. In 2004, as part of a distribution survey of Sclater’s guenon (Cercopithecus sclateri) in southern Nigeria, we investigated reports f sacred monkeys in the Igbo-speaking region of Nigeria. We confirmed nine new sites where primates are protected as sacred: four with tantalus monkeys (Ch'lorocebus tantalus) and five with mona monkeys (Cercopithecus mona). During 2004-2006, we visited two communities (Akpugoeze and Lagwa > previously known to harbor sacred populations of Ce. sclateri to estimate population abundance and trends. We directly counted all groups and compared our estimates with previous counts when available. We also estimated the size of sacred groves and compared these with grove sizes reported in the literature. The mean size of the sacred groves in Akpugoeze (2.06 ha, n = 10) was similar to others in Africa south of the Sahel, but larger than the average grove in Lagwa (0.49 ha, n = 15). We estimated a total population of 124 Sclater’s monkeys in 15 groups in Lagwa and 193 monkeys in 20 groups in Akpugoeze. The Akpugoeze population was relatively stable over two decades, although the proportion of infants declined, and the number of groups increased. As Sclater’s monkey does not occur in any official protected areas, sacred populations are important to the species’ long-term conservation. Despite the monkeys’ destruction of human crops, most local people still adhere to the custom of not killing monkeys. These sites represent ideal locations in which to study the ecology of Sclater’s monkey and human-wildlife interactions. 1 results 1
- Base line information on animal population distribution and abundance is crucial to planning and implementation of effective management strategies for the conservation of species. There is paucity of information on the distribution and abundance of papio anubis in Sambisa game reserve. Therefore, this study was carried out to obtain information on estimate, population structure and abundance of the species, as well as habitat disturbances. The line transect sampling method was used for the enumeration. The data obtained was analyzed using the software package DISTANCE 6.0 to determine population density estimate. The result indicated that Baboon population was concentrated in three ranges of the Reserve a Range has suffered habitat disturbances resulting into insignificant number of primates. The mean encounter rates (MERs) for the species was 1.85km-1. Baboon had the estimated density of about 12km-2. There was a significant difference in the pattern of the species densities for morning and evening counts. The mean encounter rate for Baboon were 1.15 km-1 (n=110) and 0.71 km-1 (n= 68) individual animals for morning and evening sightings respectively. The relative density for the primate species across the four ranges in the reserve revealed that Baboon was not recorded in Balda range and only 2 individuals sighted in Jeltere. Kwada and yuwe range have the highest abundance of 119 and 57 individuals sighted respectively. The population structure shows declining trend as number of juveniles was relatively lower than adult population. However, the relatively higher percentage of female adults may result in population growth, if majority of them are within the breeding age. The highest numbers of primate species were found in the centre of the reserve (Kwada and Yuwe) where habitat disturbances were controlled. 1 results 1
- Biocultural diversity 1 results 1
- Biology 1 results 1
- Capsicum frutescens 1 results 1
- Census 1 results 1
- Choices of domestic energy that are made by rural households are able to influence environmental conservation and sustainable development. This study determined the factors influencing choice of energy by rural households. Data were collected from randomly sampled households. Analysis was done with descriptive statistics and Logit regression. Result showed that the largest proportion of the respondents used kerosene oil for cooking and lighting. Logit regression results showed that there was gender influence in fuel wood choice. Also, illiterate household heads had higher likelihood of choosing charcoal. Choices of kerosene oil and electricity were influenced by proximity. It was recommended that efforts to address energy problem in rural areas should take cognizance of ensuring availability and affordability of cleaner energy sources, among others. 1 results 1
- Competitive release 1 results 1
- Conservation & Biodiversity 1 results 1
- Despite the popular perception of protected areas, forest resources are still subject to many forms of anthropogenic activities such as logging, hunting and burning. This necessitates the study on the impact of anthropogenic activities on vegetation cover and mammalian herbivores in Afi mountain wildlife sanctuary. Four communities around the study area namely; Ebok, kakukob, Esekwe and Olum were selected based on proximity to the sanctuary. Data on socio-economic characteristic and anthropogenic activities of the communities were determined using questionnaire. A total of sixty (60) copies of questionnaire, 15 each were distributed to the four communities. Dynamics in vegetation cover for 1985, 2000 and 2021 was determined using landsat imagery. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. The result revealed that, males (65.0%) were the dominant respondents. The study respondents were in the age bracket between 41-50 years (51.6%) and majority (51.7%) can at least read and write. The result also indicates a drastic decrease in the forest cover as from 1985-2021, owning to increase in activities such as settlement, logging and farming within the sanctuary. Major threats to the vegetation cover and mammalian herbivores survival were farming, logging and illegal hunting. Conservation of the remaining forest resources should be given top priority. 1 results 1
- Energy 1 results 1
- Environmental Sciences 1 results 1
- Extruder-development 1 results 1
- Fauna population 1 results 1
- Floristic assessment 1 results 1
- Globally, some species and habitats receive protection through local belief systems (e.g. indigenous religions) and informal institutions (e.g. social norms and taboos). Where such systems represent the only form of protection for threatened species or environments, they may be critical to the survival of those taxa and sites. We evaluated the effectiveness of long-standing social taboos protecting the Endangered Sclater’s monkey Cercopithecus sclateri and forest groves in a community complex in Nigeria. Across its range (southern Nigeria), Sclater’s monkey is effectively protected only through informal institutions. At our study site, we conducted a census of the monkey population; measured the area of sacred groves; and compared our findings with estimates from and , respectively. We observed a % increase in the monkey population (from to individuals) in a core survey area. No groves that we assessed in had been fully cleared. Although we observed a decline in tree cover for several sacred forests, most groves used regularly by monkeys had changed little. The social taboos related to monkeys and sacred groves remain largely intact; however, other factors threaten the monkey population and remaining forests in this community complex, including the removal of tree patches to accommodate the construction of large residential buildings and the demand for cropland, as well as increased dumping of waste in forested sites. This study highlights the conservation importance and limitations of local cultural protection, as well as the challenges presented when such protection conflicts with community-perceived 1 results 1
- Guenon 1 results 1
- Human beings are known to be one of the major predators of baboon; either for consumption or as a form of pest control for their farmlands. Fields adjacent to protected areas are mostly affected by majority of baboon raids. This study investigated the crop raiding activities of Olive baboon (Papio anubis) around Kainji Lake National Park, Nigeria. Data were collected through administration of questionnaires to seventy-seven farmers in ten randomly selected villages. The study focused on farmers that encountered baboon on their farms and that showed a good knowledge of baboon as it was expected of them to be the most informative about crop raiding activities by Olive baboon. The results indicated that maize, yam and cassava were the mostly planted crops by the farmers. They were equally the mostly raided crops by olive baboon. They are favoured foods of primate crop raiders. Most of the raiding activities were carried out in the morning. The findings suggests that the bulk of the raiding would have been conducted very early in the morning with the aid of their cheek pouch used for food storage and to avoid persecution or predation by farmers latter in the day. Logically, majority of the farmers around Kainji Lake National Park adopted scaring as a means of controlling attack by baboons since most of the crop raidings were carried out before their arrival on the farm. This also demonstrates the farmers` level of tolerance. Future surveys should monitor the trend of tolerance and the rate at which the changes occur. Subsequent researches on crop raiding should extend the scope of study to assess any relationship between the distance of the farms to park boundary and extent of damage. Communities’ attitudes towards primate conservation need to be assessed as it has consequences on conservation efforts in protected areas. Park management should be more proactive in addressing human wildlife conflict to avoid animosity in support zone communities. 1 results 1
- Hunting 1 results 1
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