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Information Structure in Nigerian Pidgin English Print and Electronic Media Advertisements
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KNOWLEDGE OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND RISKY PRACTICES AMONG FEMALE ALCOHOL BREWERS AND SELLERS IN IBADAN NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 4 results 4
- COVID-19 3 results 3
- Corporate governance 2 results 2
- Healthcare financing 2 results 2
- " It is a known fact that basic education level of any country goes a long way in influencing the country's development. It is on this premise, that this study critically evaluated the monitoring and evaluation department of the Universal Basic Education Board of Oyo State. The purpose of the study was to determine the extent to which some of the objectives of the Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) department have been achieved. The sample consisted of 12 (public and private) pre-primary, primary and Junior Secondary (JSS) Schools in each of the ten purposively selected Local Government Areas (L. G.A) of Ibadan and Ibarapa central in Oyo State. One hundred and 20 teachers and twenty teacher supervisors making a total of 140 respondents participated. A descriptive survey design was used in the study. Two instruments tagged 'Teacher/Headteacher/Principal Questionnaire (THPQ) and 'Supervisor' Questionnaire (SQ) were used to generate the data. The data generated were analysed using frequency counts and percentages. The findings revealed that finance was the major hindrance to effective monitoring of schools and that UBE programme contended with a lot of problems such as inadequate infrastructure, poor remuneration and poor supervision and monitoring. Further, findings also showed that attendance of teachers at seminars and workshops was about twice in a term, not encouraging if the teachers were to cope with the new innovations that abound within the education sector. It was, therefore, recommended that government should improve the effectiveness of the M& E departments for effective and strategic planning, by providing adequate funds, infrastructure and instructional facilities. Also, the training of staff for effective M&E processes should be incorporated into the educational system. " 1 results 1
- A comparative analysis is made of the legal framework for National Health Insurance in Nigeria and Ghana from the prism of organisational structure, coverage, financing mechanism and benefit package with a view to determining the relevance and adequacy of the Nigerian archetype of health insurance in providing qualitative healthcare services to the citizenry. Our major conclusion is that unlike the Ghanaian health insurance scheme which has extended coverage to quite a large number of the population, health insurance is still a mirage to a larger percentage of the Nigerian citizenry especially the vulnerable groups because of the identified limitations in terms of coverage, financing and benefit package of the National Health Insurance Scheme. Requisite reform proposals to address these lacunae within the context of the general health care system are offered in order that the health insurance law in Nigeria may be sufficiently strengthened to make it internationally competitive, fulfill the yearnings and aspirations of the average Nigerian for qualitative healthcare services and to enhance the overall productivity of the nation. The article concludes with a call for effective integration of the primary health care system as a foundation for having a truly universal health insurance scheme in Nigeria. 1 results 1
- A normal hospital practice is the discharge of patients from admission after due care. What is not normal is the post-discharge detention of a patient in the hospital by hospital authorities because of inability to pay hospital bills. This practice is common in Nigeria, but the hierarchies of the health and justice sectors tend to "look the other way". Healthcare providers are often faced with a dilemma between two issues: observing the oath to "do no harm" even after the period of care, as may be suggested by the unlawful post-discharge detention of a client; and ensuring that there is continuous finances to sustain health services for the common good. Issues raised here include, the physician/patient relationship; patient's rights versus that of the healthcare providers; accessibility and availability of healthcare. The key players in this scenario are the physician/hospital management; the nurses and the patients. This paper examined the judicial and human rights implications involved and provide suggestions for striking a balance between the rights of the patient and the duty/right of the healthcare providers. In doing this, the healthcare policy in Nigeria, vis-a-vis its accessibility, affordability and availability are examined 1 results 1
- Africa 1 results 1
- Agency theory 1 results 1
- Alcohol use 1 results 1
- Antenatal care Satisfaction 1 results 1
- BACKGROUND: Tobacco consumption increases the chance that an individual will suffer from illhealth. Financial cost associated with increased demand for medical care can be substantial and catastrophic, especially for households in the lowest income stratum. This paper extends what is known about the poverty impact of tobacco use by estimating the increased risk of incurring higher catastrophic health expenditure because of tobacco consumption. METHODS: The data for the study were drawn from the Harmonized Nigerian Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) conducted in 2009/2010 by the National Bureau of Statistics. Three log-linear models of health expenditures were used to predict the health expenditure attributable to tobacco consumption. The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was estimated using the standard 40-percent threshold of household total nonfood expenditure. RESULTS: Based on the three log-linear regression models, smokers had higher health expenditure compared to non-smokers (by 43.91%, 33.23% and 41.51%). Excess average health expenditure attributable to tobacco use was the highest among moderately poor smokers (Nigerian national currency Naira (NGN) 37,734.90 (USD251)) and the lowest among non-poor smokers (NGN 7,819.78 (USD52)). In addition, extremely poor smokers incurred higher medical expenditure attributable to tobacco use compared to non-poor smokers. Among the non-poor households, 23.87% experienced CHE in the rural areas and 13.62% in the urban ones. Accounting for the predicted excess medical expenditure among smokers, there was a 3.11% increase in the burden of CHE among households living in rural location. Overall, excess medical expenditure associated with tobacco use increased the incidence of CHE among households. CONCLUSION: Essentially, smoking will aggravate the financial hardship of households because of higher burden of CHE in the short and long run. Therefore, healthcare policymakers in Nigeria can reduce the excessive financial burden attributable to smoking by developing policies that curtail tobacco consumption. Evidence provided in this study supports this. 1 results 1
- Background: Maternal mortality is unacceptably high especially in developing countries. About 287,000 women died during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2020. The vast majority of these deaths (95 %) occurred in low and lower middle countries in 2020 and most could have been prevented. Every day in 2020, approxi-mately 800 women died from preventable causes related to pregnancy and childbirth. Utilization of antenatal visit has been shown to improve birth outcome as well as the maternal outcome during pregnancy-related events, giving a positive impact when the visit frequency and care are adequate while satisfaction has equally been an important outcome measures of quality of care. In order to improve feto-maternal outcome and turn the tide against maternal deaths, it is expedient to assess the satisfaction of women who had experienced antenatal care with the aim of identifying areas requiring additional attention. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of antenatal care satisfaction of postpartum women and factors associated with satisfaction at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and their future intention for subsequent utilization of antenatal care. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 261 women in the postnatal ward using simple random sampling technique was conducted with an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire. Items in the questionnaire included sociodemographic and obstetric variables, assessment of quality of amenities, waiting time and level of satisfaction. Data was entered, cleaned and analyzed by computer using the Statistical Package for Social Sci-ences Version 23.0 (SPSS, IBM). The variables were summarized using frequencies, proportions, means and standard deviation. Chi Square was used for test of significance with the p-value set at P <0.05. Results: Of the 261 participants 176 (67.5 % percent) were aged 25–34 years; majority (244,93.5 %) had tertiary education while (189, 72.4 %) were skilled workers or professionals. Most of the women (243, 93.2 %) were Para 1–3 and the pregnancy was planned (80.8 %) while financing was mostly out of pocket (60.9 %). Only one-third of the participants has at least eight (8) antenatal contacts. In overall rating, most women (90.0 %) were satisfied with the antenatal care services received. The highest rating of satisfaction was with the competence of the service providers (90.4 %) especially with the care given to them and their unborn babies (90.4 %). The parity, distance of their home from antenatal clinic, number of antenatal contacts, number of health education sessions attended, total time spent, attitude of health workers, cost of services and desire to register again at the facility were statistically associated with patient’s satisfaction. Also, the number of antenatal visits was statistically associated with the fetal outcome. Conclusion: There is a high overall level of satisfaction with antenatal services among postpartum women in UCH. It is important to encourage women to register early to ensure they have adequate number of antenatal contacts and also participate in the health education sessions. 1 results 1
- Background: To compare simultaneous surgery with sequential surgery for the treatment of bilateral congenital cataracts in children younger than three years at a tertiary hospital in a resource-limited setting in order to facilitate informed decision making by parents and healthcare providers. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of children below three years who had bilateral surgery for congenital cataracts between 2010 and 2016 at the paediatric ophthalmology unit of a university teaching hospital in Nigeria. Data on demographic characteristics, type of surgery, delays in care, time interval between surgery and optical rehabilitation, direct cost of care, systemic associations and surgical complications were retrieved, descriptively summarized and compared for both groups. Results: There were 40 eligible patients, 25 (62.5%) of which were males. Age at presentation ranged from 4-128 weeks with a median of 28 weeks. Twenty-four (60%) patients had simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery. Patients who underwent sequential cataract surgery had higher direct costs and accumulated hospital stay, and were more likely to experience delays in accessing second procedures as well as post-operative optical rehabilitation. No anesthetic or other serious ocular complications such as endophthalmitis were noted in either group. Conclusion: Although there were similarly low complication rates in both groups, we observed higher direct costs of care, longer duration of hospital stay, as well as longer intervals before second surgeries and visual rehabilitation in the sequential group. Therefore, simultaneous cataract surgeries may be the preferable option in resource-limited settings like ours, where health care financing is mainly through out-of-pocket expenses. 1 results 1
- Banking and Finance 1 results 1
- Beggars 1 results 1
- Begging 1 results 1
- Begging is a cross-cultural phenomenon that is old, pervasive and complex. The practice is considered a social problem in many societies and had received great attention from scholars, particularly those who believe that understanding its full ramification was central to eradicating it. This study examined an aspect of begging that had mostly been left to speculation: the savings and money-lending practices of beggars. A descriptive qualitative research design was adopted for the study and primary data were generated through 21 In-depth and 5 Key Informant Interviews and Non-participant Observation. The study population was drawn from two purposively seized areas in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Bodija and Sabo, where large concentrations of beggars exist. Participants included beggars, money-handlers, shop y owners and traders. Data were interpreted through content analysis, and sometimes reported through direct quotation. Findings showed that most beggars engage in one form of savings or another, including rotational and fixed-term savings - though some employed the services of retail shop owners to act as bankers. Proceeds of begging constitute an important source of credit acquisition for some traders who took advantage of ease of access and flexible conditionalities to benefit from loans that beggars offerred. Conflicts sometimes arise at the point of reclamation of savings and loan repayment but normative bonds, feelings of mutual-dependency, and general internal control mechanism enabled amicable resolutions. The study concluded that the savings and the “micro-finance” practices of beggars provide new grounds for affirming the utility of this group and recommended that integrative policies should be formulated to sustain the saving culture of beggars. 1 results 1
- Cash flow. 1 results 1
- Catastrophic health expenditure 1 results 1
- Clinical management 1 results 1
- Community bank 1 results 1
- Community participation 1 results 1
- Concept of Housing 1 results 1
- Congenital cataract 1 results 1
- Conservation & Biodiversity 1 results 1
- Contact tracing 1 results 1
- Corporate governance (CG) safeguards shareholders’ portfolios and ensures optimal returns in terms of dividend payouts (DPs) on investment. The association between CG and DPs could be significant in relation to risk exposure, operational and financing activities across firms and sectors. Also, the differential dividend payment between large and small firms might be due to economies of scale enjoyed by large firms. The relationship between CG and DPs has been well researched, however; the role of firm size and sectoral classification on these two has not been given adequate consideration in the literature. This study, therefore, examined the moderating effects of firm size and sectoral classification of CG on DPs in Nigeria. Agency theory provided the basis for the articulation of the model which captured the effects of CG on DPs. Governance indicators (number of independent directors, institutional investors, board size and managerial shareholding) and dividend per share of 101 non-financial listed companies in Nigeria from 1995-2012 were compiled from annual reports and statements of accounts of the firms; as well as various issues of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook. The analysis was conducted at aggregate, size and sectoral levels. The firms were categorised into small (38) and large (63) based on their total assets. A sample was taken from agriculture (6), automobile (6), building (8), brewery (6), chemical/paints (9), conglomerates (9), construction (6), food and beverages, (17), healthcare (11), industrial/domestic products (10), petroleum (9) and printing/publishing (4) sub-sectors. The system generalised method of moments estimation technique that included both level and difference equations was employed. It accommodates firm level characteristics and addresses autocorrelation bias. Diagnostic tests were carried out to ascertain the robustness of the parameter estimates. All the estimates were validated at p = 0.05. A one percent increase in the number of independent directors and shareholding of institutional investors generated 68.0% and 0.9% increase in DPs respectively. The DPs rose by 10.7%, 8.0% and 0.05% given a percentage increase in profits after tax, gross earnings and previous dividend, respectively. Conversely, DPs declined by a 23.0% with a one percent increase in managerial shareholding. The relationship between CG and DPs was positive in large firms and negative in small firms. This relationship was positive in only conglomerate (18.3%), building materials (5.01%), petroleum and marketing (3.8%), brewery (2.9%), food and beverages (1.09%) and automobile and tyre (0.22%) sub-sectors respectively, while it is negative in healthcare (-0.04%), industrial and domestic products (-0.11%), chemical and paints (-0.11%), printing and publishing (-0.5%), construction (-2.8%) and agriculture (-7.01%) sub-sectors respectively. Corporate governance influence on dividend payouts differed by size of firm and sectors of operation. More independent directors should be on the boards of corporate firms and the proportion of institutional shareholding should also be increased to improve monitoring. 1 results 1
- Corporate governance and more broadly, the performance of corporate boards have traditional been measured using financial metrics. These financial metrics like Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings and Profitability Ratio (E and P) are ex-post measure of organizations wellbeing or lack thereof arising from corporate board activities. These financial metrics are, for all intents and purposes, self-serving and one-dimensional measure of corporate performance. They do not fully account for the other dimensions of organization responsibilities especially, the social, health and environmental benefits expected from organization’s activities. The COVID-19 and the changing organizational dynamics have made the case for corporate board’s performance to be assessed beyond the usual financial metrics. In this study, we provide a framework that accounts for the various dimensions of organization activities: finance, social and environmental; the so-called Triple-Bottom (TBL) approaches. A TBL-compliance metric was used to track the performance of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria using a content analytical technique. The result of the analysis showed that majority of the firms performed remarkably well in areas of profitability and economic value creation but performed less satisfactorily in areas of social and environmental sustainability. On aggregate, the sampled firms committed less than 1 percent of their profit after tax on corporate social responsibility while less than 5 percent of the sampled firms scored above average on the TBL-adoption matrix. From the findings of the study we can conclude that manufacturing firms in Nigeria are yet to be fully committed to social and environmental sustainability. The study recommended for a regulatory re-jig away from the usual mandatory declaration of commitment to concrete actions based on measurable indicators on social and environmental sustainability compliance. 1 results 1
- Corporate governance and, more broadly, the performance of corporate boards have traditionally been measured using financial metrics. These financial metrics such as Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Earnings and Profitability Ratio (E and P) are ex post measure of organizations performance arising from corporate board activities. These financial metrics are largely one-dimensional measure of corporate performance and do not fully account for the other dimensions of organization responsibilities. The COVID-19 and the changing organizational dynamics have made the case for corporate board’s performance to be assessed beyond the usual financial metrics. In this study, we provide a framework that accounts for the various dimensions of organization activities: finance, social and environmental, the Triple-Bottom (TBL) approach. A TBL-compliance metric was constructed, which tracked the performance of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria using a content analytical technique. The result showed that the majority of the firms performed remarkably well in areas of profitability and economic value creation but less satisfactorily inareas of social and environmental sustainability. On aggregate, the sampled firms committed less than 1% of their profit after tax on corporate social responsibility, while less than 5% of the sampled firms scored above average on the TBL-adoption matrix. 1 results 1
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