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Anatomical changes, osmolytes accumulation and distribution in the native plants growing on Pb-contaminated sites
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Oxidative stress 3 results 3
- Acetylcholinesterase 2 results 2
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- 4-Vinylcyclohexenediepoxide 1 results 1
- A combination of physiological, biochemical and molecular characteristics was used in the study of 291 strains of staphylococci isolated from man, goats, sheep, poultry and other animals. Novobiocin-resistant strains were more prevalent amongst the coagulase-negative staphylococci examined. Of the 110 caprine strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci, 91 (87.7 per cent) were novobiocin-resistant. The strains identified to species level were found to be Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus lentus were easily differentiated from other novobiocin-resistant staphylococci by a positive-oxidase reaction. Morphologically, Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus lentus appeared indistinguishable. Staphylococcus lentus appeared more biochemically active than Staphylococcus sciuri and indeed other coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from goats with the exception of Staphylococcus gallinarum. Differentiation of Staphylococcus sciuri from Staphylo coccus lentus was facilitated by the inability of several strains of Staphylococcus sciuri to produce acid from melibiose. Novobiocin-resistant staphylococcal species were the only ones isolated from sheep and they had almost identical physiological and biochemical characteristics with those of caprine origin. Staphylococcus gallinarum, a new species of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from animals was found amongst the present collection of coagulase-negative staphylococci. Staphylococcus gallinarum resembled Staphylococcus lentus in its acid production from several carbohydrates used but its oxidase-negative reaction was used in its differentiation from Staphylococcus lentus. Staphylococcus gallinarum strains commonly produced acid from fructose, maltose, D-(+)-mannose, D-(-)-ribose, sucrose and D-(+)-trehalose. Most of the novobiocin- resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci from animals were physiologically active as they produced a variety of extracellular products. Weak desoxyribonuclease activities were commonly found amongst Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus lentus and the strong reaction produced by Staphylococcus hyicus was found to be of diagnostic use. One strain of Staphylococcus sciuri produced thermostable nuclease and another strain of Staphylococcus lentus produced staphylokinase. Whilst intense protease production was commonly associated with Staphylococcus sciuri and Staphylococcus lentus, none of these strains produced lipolytic effects on egg-yolk medium whilst lipolytic effects were seen in strains of Staphylococcus xylosus and Staphylococcus cohnii. The characteristics of the novobiocin-resistant, coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from humans did not differ from those of animal strains. The strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from humans and animals had similar physiological and biochemical characteristics. The production of hyaluroni-dase and acetoin from glucose was helpful in differentiating Staphylococcus aureus from other coagulase-positive Staphylococcus intermedius and Staphylococcus hyicus strains isolated from various hosts. The strains of Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from a man having a pet dog had similar characteristics as the other strains of Staphylococcus intermedius of canine origin. The human strain of Staphylococcus intermedius produced proteinase, phosphatase, desoxyribonuclease and thermostable nuclease but it failed to hydrolyze Tween 80 and did not produce hyaluronidase and acetoin from glucose. Acid production from a variety of carbohydrates by the human strain of Staphylococcus intermedius was however similar to that of Staphylococcus aureus of human origin but the strain did not produce acid from D-(+)-turanose. In the course of phage typing Staphylococcus aureus strains, a caprine phage was isolated from one strain (UI 150). Three caprine strains of Staphylococcus aureus that were untypable by using the International sets of phages for typing human strains of Staphylococcus aureus were susceptible to this caprine phage Gl. Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans and goats which were susceptible to the phage 80/81 complex had similar antibiograms. Whilst several of the human strains of Staphylococcus aureus were found to be of human biotype, the caprine strains of Staphylococcus aureus belonged to biotype C. Resistance to tetracycline was found in some strains of Staphylococcus aureus of caprine origin whilst a higher percentage of human strains of Staphylococcus aureus produced penicillinase. Sensitivity to the cephalosporins was commonly found amongst all the Staphylococcus aureus strains examined. With human factor sera, all the Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from humans were serotypable. Of the 14 caprine strains of Staphylococcus aureus examined, 10 were serotypable. Agglutinogens a5, b1, o and h2 were found amongst the Staphylococcus aureus strains of human and animal origins. Two Staphylococcus intermedius strains isolated from humans and dogs were serotypable and they had agglutinogen in common. All the 3 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from giant rats (Cricetomys gambianus) were serotypable with a5 and p agglutinogens being common to them. Some isolates were obtained which could not be identified the application of chemotaxonomic and molecular characterization procedures however provided a relationship to some of the newly-described species of staphylococci. Some relatively uncommon teichoic acids were found amongst some strains. A caprine strain of coagulase-positive, staphylococcus had glycerol and glucosamine teichoic acids whilst a strain of coagulase- negative staphylococcus of caprine origin possessed glycerol, glucose, galactose and N-acetylglucosamine teichoic acids. The guanine plus cytosine (G + C) content of the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of some of the strains tested ranged between 32.7 and 34.6 per cent. DNA-DNA hybridization values amongst some of the coagulase- negative staphylococci revealed some relationships to Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus lentus and Staphylococcus sciuri. 1 results 1
- Agricultural Sciences 1 results 1
- Agriculture & Food Sciences 1 results 1
- Aim: To evaluate the biophysical, biochemical and clinical characteristics of pre-eclamptic pregnancies as a suitable approach to access and manage pregnancy at risk of pre-eclampsia. Methods: 89 pregnant women with preeclampsia were investigated longitudinally at prepartum and postpartum. The biophysical, biochemical and clinical variables of both mother and neonate of pre-eclamptic pregnancy obtained by standard procedures were compared with the normotensive pregnant controls. Results: Mean gestational ages were significantly lower in pre-eclampsia than in control group (P < 0.001). Caesarean section operations were significantly higher in the group with pre-eclamptic pregnancy compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Pre-eclamptic group recorded significantly higher maternal and neonatal mortality rates than the normotensive controls (P < 0.05). The mean placenta weight, one and five minutes apgar score of neonates of preeclamptic pregnancy were significantly lower compared with the controls (P<0.05). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures at each of the study periods in pre-eclamptic group were significantly elevated compared with the nomortensive pregnancy (P< 0.001). Pre-eclamptic pregnancies had varying degrees of significant microalbuminuria compared with the controls (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Low birth weight, high maternal and neonatal mortality rates, and Cesarean section, low gestational age, apgar scores, placenta weight, elevated blood pressures and microalbuminuria occur more frequently in pre-eclampsia than in healthy normotensive pregnancy. 1 results 1
- Amoebiasis exemplifies a disease of protean manifestations which presents many perplexing problems. In this thesis an attempt is made to define a number of the wide variations which have been observed in the pathological manifestations of the disease. The work consists of both retrospective and prospective Studies. The retrospective study involved a review of the 7922 protocols of the autopsies at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, during the ten year period 1958 to 1967. 135 cases in which lesions of amoebiasis were described, were selected for special study using 276 cases of other diarrhoeal diseases as controls. The results of this review defined the pathology and complications of amoebiasis seen at the UCH, during the period covered by this study. A prospective study which included field surveys. laboratory studies on patients and controls; and in-vitro studies of the parasite was also carried out. Parasitological, biochemical and immunological techniques were applied in the prospective study of 1291 subjects in a field survey. In addition some 200 hospital materials were included in the prospective study. The results obtained provided the basis for the suggestions made concerning the different methods that can be applied to the future study of the prevalence of amoebiasis in any given population exposed to the risk of infection by Entamoeba histolytica. Local (Ibadan) strains of Entamoeba histolytica have been successfully cultured and the in-vitro characteristics studied. From the materials provi.ded by the in-vitro cultures of the organism, investigations have been made on E. histolytica antigens and the corresponding antibodies produced in man. The results of these investigations have been utilized in immunological studies, designed to define the mechanism of production of some of the problems posed by amoebic infections. The severity and high fatality of the disease in pregnancy and puerperium, was studied in detail. The observation that amoebiasis tends to be more severe and to have a higher mortality in pregnant and puerperal women was made only recently. At the time the present studies were planned, the association of pregnancy with severe amoebiasis had not been well established, and the mechanism for this association was unknown. It was, however, wall known that pregnant women were more liable to severe for-ms of certain other infectious diseases and it was considered possible that a similar mechanism might be operating in the case of amoebiasis. The present work confirms these clinical observations. Thus from the statistical analyses of the results of both the autopsy and prevalence studies, it became evident that the high fatality of amoebiasis during pregnancy and the early puerperium was not fortuitous but real. A fulminating type of lesion affecting the whole length of the large bowel is commoner in pregnant women and in those in the early puerperium dying of amoebiasis, than in any other cases of amoebiasis seen at autopsy. Furthermore, the biochemical and immunological studies help to throw some light on the mechanism of the selectivity of Infection by E. histolytical. These same results, also provide some explanation for the severity of amoebiasis during pregnancy and the allied states. The conclusions, support the hypothesis of lowered resistance to infectious diseases during pregnancy. Speculative submissions are, therefore, made on the defective immune mechanism occurring during pregnancy and the early puerperium. Thus, the inability of pregnant women to produce 'sufficient antibodies' to amoebic infections, demonstrated by the reactivity of the immunoglobulins in amoebiasis, confirms the suspicion of the existence of a derangement of host-defence mechanisms during pregnancy. This raises the hope and encourages future search for the specific serum agents) which may account for the deranged immune mechanism. On similar basis, the characterization of amoebic antigens together with that of the corresponding antibodies, offers a new field in the study of the immunopathology of amoebiasis. In conclusion, from the combined autopsy, prevalence, in-vitro experimental, biochemical, and immunological studies, it is submitted: 1. That the association of pregnancy with the severe form of amoebiasis at least, in this part of the world, is one of the perplexing problems posed by the disease. 2. That chronic amoebic infection is associated with the development of growth-inhibiting factors in the serum, for example, in patients with amoebic liver abscess. 3. That, on the contrary, growth promoting factors were demonstrated in the sera of pregnant/puerperal women with or without acute amoebic dysentery. 4. It is suggested that the severity of the disease in pregnant/puerperal women is a reflection of the derangement of immune response during pregnancy, with particular reference to the production of serum immunoglobulins. 1 results 1
- Antiniicrobial resistance 1 results 1
- Apparent Ileal digestibility 1 results 1
- Bacteria exist as part of thè norma! flora of thè urogenital tract of animals. However, some of them may cause severe opportunistic infections in immuno-suppressed host requiring antimicrobial chemotherapy. Antìmicrobial resistance may lead to therapy fatture and protracted tllnesses. This study investigated thè diverse reservoirs of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in thè urogenital tract of dogs in lbadan. A total of 114 urine samples from male (42) and female (72) dogs were examined for thè presence of bacteria by inoculation onto cultural media. Bacteria identification was based on cultural, microscopie and biochemical characteristics. Bacteria isolates were tested for susceptibility to amoxicillin, amoxillin/ clavulanic acid, cefixime, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin/cloxacillm, erythromycin, gentamicin, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, perfloxacin, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethozoJeand cefuroxime. Overall, 184 bacteria isolates were identified from thè 64 (56.14%) of thè 114 urine samples examined. The remaining 47 (41.2%) of 114 samples did notyield significant bacterial growth on thè various bacteriological media. The bacteria detected in thè urine samples inciuded Escherìchia coli (59); Staphylococcvs aureus (40), Slreptococci spp (32), Klebsiella spp (22), Pseudomonas aemgìnosa (12), coagulase negative staphylococcus spp (7), Enterobacter spp (7) and Proteus mirabilis (5). The organisms showed varying degrees of susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Many of thè organisms demonstrated resistance to at least three antimicrobials from different classes. Forty-twò resistance groups were observed among thè Gram-positive bacterial isolates while eleven resistance groups were observed among thè Gram-negative isolates. ‘APX-CRX-AM-CET-S-SXT-E-PEF-CN’ and ‘CAZ-CPR-NITAUG-OFL-CXM-GENV CRX ’ were thè predom inant resistant pattems for Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates respectively. This study revealed a diversity and high level of multidrug resistance bacteria in thè urogenital traets of dogs. These bacteria maybe important as primary or opportunistic aetiological agents of infection in die affected host with thè possibility of zoonotic transmission to human companions. 1 results 1
- Bacterial 1 results 1
- Biochemical 1 results 1
- Biophysical 1 results 1
- Biopreservative 1 results 1
- Biopulping 1 results 1
- Carbonic anhydrase 1 results 1
- Cattle 1 results 1
- Chemical compounds 1 results 1
- Chlorpyrifos 1 results 1
- Clinical 1 results 1
- Contamination 1 results 1
- Conventional dietary plant protein sources for broilers are expensive thereby increasing cost of production. Cheaper but equally nutritive sources of plant protein are currently being explored. Thevetia Seed (TS), though rich in protein has limited use due to intrinsic antinutritional factors, which if detoxified could be harnessed. Information on detoxification and the use of TS in broiler production is scanty. Detoxification of TS and its utilisation in broiler feed production were therefore investigated. One hundred grams of TS was soaked in water, ethanol (24 hours) or in 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5% brine solution for 2, 3 or 4 hours. The samples were either sun-dried for 3 days or toasted after soaking and thereafter analysed for chemical and residual glycoside composition. Treatment with the lowest residual glycoside was incorporated as TS Meal (TSM) to be a substitute for soyabean meal in broiler starter and finisher diets at 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Two hundred 1- day old broilers were randomly allotted to five dietary treatments with four replicates of ten birds each. They were fed starter diets from day1-28 and finisher from day 29- 56. At weeks 4 and 7, blood samples from two birds per replicate were collected for serum biochemical and haematological analyses. In the last seven days of the experiment, 0.5% titanium dioxide indigestible marker was added to the diets to determine Apparent Ileal Digestibility (AID). Two birds per replicate were slaughtered for digesta collection and carcass characteristics. Other indices measured were Feed Intake (FI) and Weight Gain (WG). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at p= 0.05. Toasting significantly reduced crude protein in water and ethanol treated samples from19.35 in raw sample to 18.14 and 18.43%, respectively. Crude protein increased significantly in sun-dried water (22.1%) and brine treated (23.1%) samples. The TS soaked in 7.5% brine for 3 hours significantly increased crude protein from 23.1% to 44.87% and reduced glycoside content from 4.7% to 0.07% (98.51% reduction of glycoside). Variations in haematological and serum biochemical indices were not significantly different in values for birds on all treatments except in the levels of albumin, calcium, glucose and potassium ions at the finisher phase. The FI (105.8 ±0.7 g/bird) and WG (25.7 ±0.4 g/bird) at the starter phase were significantly reduced to 92.5 ± 0.9 g/bird and 21.2 ±0.4 g/bird for birds on 100% TSM (p < 0.05). Similar trend was observed for FI at the finisher phase which reduced from 176.4±5.7 to 118.6 ±1.1 g/bird. Birds on 50% TSM recorded highest values for live weight 1824.7 ±0.9 g/bird, dressed weight 1220.2 ±0.3 g/bird, breast 304.1 ±0.9 g, thigh 216.8 ± 0.6 g and AID coefficient of crude protein (0.79). Detoxification with 7.5% brine for three hours best improved the nutritive value of Thevetia seed. Thevetia seed meal was well utilised and an enhanced apparent Ileal digestibility was achieved. Thevetia seed meal replaced up to 50% soyabean meal 1 results 1
- Differentiation 1 results 1
- Discovering the complexity of seed structure and function along with a number of vital processes such as seed growth and development, germination are important factors in unlocking the secrets of consistent crop yield. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a multi-purpose annual, dryland-adapted, forage, legume crop is cultivated in different parts of the world with great potential for introduction under suitable agro-climatic zones in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Fenugreek seed is used extensively for its medicinal, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes, hyperglycaemia (thyroxine-induced type) and hypercholesterolemia. This review discusses seed physiological processes and several important biochemical seed constituent, e.g., steroidal sapogenins (diosgenin), polysaccharide fiber (galactomannan), amino acid (4-hydroxyisoleucine), etc, with important medicinal and pharmacological characteristics impacting human and animal health. However, there are noticeable differences in the quality of several phytochemicals found in fenugreek seed possibly due to variations in plant genotypes and agroclimatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Hence, it is important to note that for consistent seed yield and quality of fenugreek cultivars there is an urgent need for continuing efforts in genetic improvements and in developing high yielding, disease and drought-resistant varieties suitable for different agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, in addition to the physico-biochemistry of fenugreek seed different approaches for genetic improvement have also been discussed. 1 results 1
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