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African Ancestry, APOL1, candidate genes, CDKN2A/CDKN2B, HDAC9, small vessel disease, stroke, West Africa
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Focal palmoplantar keratoderma in 2 children leading to gait abnormalities.
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THE PREVALENCE OF FURUNCULOSIS AND PLASMID MEDIATED RESISTANCE OF ISOLATES OFSTAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA.
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THE PREVALENCE OF FURUNCULOSIS AND PLASMIDMEDIATED RESISTANCE OF ISOLATES OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS FROM INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Biological Sciences 14 results 14
- Life Sciences & Biology 14 results 14
- — — — — — — Genetics 14 results 14
- Allele and genotype 2 results 2
- Efiks and Ibibios 2 results 2
- Hypertension 2 results 2
- Hypertension is a public health challenge due to its high prevalence, and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Hypertension is a complex disease resulting from an interaction of genes and environmental factors. Inconsistent association between polymorphisms of the renin angiotensin aldosterone, the atrial natriuretic peptide systems and hypertension has been reported among various ethnic groups, but not for the Efiks and Ibibios in south-south Nigeria. This study was designed to determine the frequency of gene polymorphisms of these two systems and their association with hypertension in Calabar and Uyo, Nigeria. A population-based case control design was used. A total of 1224 participants, 612 each of patients and controls were randomly recruited from hypertension clinics and the general population. Genotyping of the M235T allele of the angiotensinogen, Insertion/Deletion allele (I/D) of the angiotensinogen converting enzyme, A1166C allele of the angiotensin II type I receptor and C664G allele of the atrial natriuretic peptide genes to identify variants was performed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion. The Hardy-Weinberg equation was used to calculate the allele and genotype frequencies. Plasma angiotensinogen levels were measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Hypertensinogenic factors such as age, familial history, physical exercise and drinking were assessed using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, chi-square, multiple regression analysis and odds ratio were used to analyze the data. The frequency of the genotypes M235M, M235T, T235T of the M235T allele for the Efiks were 0.4, 7.7, 92 % in patients and 0, 6, 94 % in controls; for the Ibibios were 0.5, 1.2, 87 % in patients and 0, 7, 93 % in controls. The I/D genotypes II, ID, DD frequencies for the Efiks were 11, 44, 46 % in patients and 16, 45, 39 % in controls; for the Ibibios were 11, 40, 49 % in patients and 13, 49, 38 % in controls. The frequency of the A1166C carriers was 1 % while 99 % of the study population had the wild type A1166A genotype for the A1166C allele. Only the CC genotype was observed for the C664G allele. These frequencies did not conform to the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions. There were no significant differences between the genotype frequencies of patients and controls. Plasma angiotensinogen values were significantly higher in the patients with M235T allele than in the controls. Age was a positive predictor for systolic blood pressure (SBP, r = 0.60) in patients and diastolic blood pressure (DBP, r = 0.56) in controls. Other hypertensinogenic variables were not predictors for SBP and DBP in the population (p < 0.05). The Insertion/Deletion allele was a risk factor for hypertension, (O.R = 1.15). A high frequency was observed for the M235T allele and the Insertion/Deletion allele, which was associated with an increased risk for hypertension. The lack of association between the alleles of the M235T, A1166C and the C664G and hypertension suggests that other loci or environmental factors are involved in the disease outcome. 2 results 2
- Polymorphism 2 results 2
- R- plasmid 2 results 2
- Recurrent furunculosis 2 results 2
- Staphylococcus aureus 2 results 2
- ?-lactam antibiotics 1 results 1
- APOL1 1 results 1
- Bacterial Meningitis 1 results 1
- Basal Ganglia 1 results 1
- Bilateral Ganglionic Haemorrhagic Stroke 1 results 1
- CDKN2A/CDKN2B 1 results 1
- Case Report 1 results 1
- Cerebrovascular Complication 1 results 1
- Complicotions, 1 results 1
- Congenital neurilemmomatosis 1 results 1
- Furunculosis, a cosmopolitan infection of human skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is recurrent among most infected individuals. It is characterized by a honey crusted "cropped" latent boil with potential to recur in a susceptible host. It is a common colonizer of the skin with a remarkable ability to hydrolyse ?-lactam antibiotics, degrade skin lipid barrier and spread within the skin loci. In this study, the gender and age distributions of furunculosis, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of its causative agent and the genetic basis of the recurrency were determined. Exudates of "cropped-boils" were obtained from 140 human volunteers (40 hospital reported and 100 non-reported cases of recurrent furunculosis) from different age range(1-100 years) for both genders within the six southwest states of Nigeria. The exudates were processed for isolation and identification of S. aureus by selective plating and biochemical tests. Antibiogram of the isolates was determined by disc-diffusion using multi-discs of eight standard antibiotics. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of five selected antibiotics: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cloxacillin were determined by broth-dilution method. Detection of ?-lactamase was carried out by cell-suspension iodometric method. Positive strains were processed for plasmid DNA isolation and molecular weight determination by lystostaphin cell lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Curing of R-plasmid DNA in selected bacterial strains was done by exposure to ethidium bromide prepared in 2-fold dilutions in nutrient broth from 6.25-100.00 μg/mL. Transfer of resistance was done by conjugation between some resistant strains as donors and Carolina-typed sensitive E. coli; E. coli 01 and E. coli 02 strains as recipients. The data were analysed using ANOVA at p = 0.05. A total of 102 isolates comprising seventeen from each of the six southwest states were identified and selected. The gender distributions were 46.0% females and 54.0% males, comprising of 20.0% hospital reported and 80.0% non-reported for the highest prevalence females and 5.0% hospital reported and 95.0% non-reported for males. Recurrent furunculosis had the highest prevalence in males within the age groups 11-50 years and in females, age groups, 11-70 years. The isolates exhibited the lowest resistance of 8.0% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and 95.0% as the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Thirty of the isolates possessed ?-lactamase in varying degrees out of which 29.0 were plasmid-borne. Of this number, 7.0 had multiple plasmid DNA of 2- 4 copies, ranging between 0.25 and 63.09 kb. The MIC of the antibiotics showed that the isolates were most susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid ( 3.90 - 250 μg/mL) and the highest resistance was recorded for penicillin G (7.8 - 500 μg/mL). Curing of R-plasmid DNA occurred at concentrations of 50.0μg/mL and 100.0μg/mL of ethidium bromide while conjugation was achieved in two out of seven competent cells, indicating a plasmid-borne resistance. The prevalence of furunculosis varied across the different age groups. The high level multidrug resistance elicited by the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated was established to be due to the associated transferable R-plasmid encoded ?-lactamase. 1 results 1
- Furunculosis, a cosmopolitan infection of human skin caused by Staphylococcus aureus, is recurrent among most infected individuals. It is characterized by a honey crusted ‘cropped’ latent boil with potential to recur in a susceptible host. It is a common colonizer of the skin with a remarkable ability to hydrolyse β-lactam antibiotics, degrade skin lipid barrier and spread within the skin loci. In this study, the gender and age distributions of furunculosis, the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of its causative agent and the genetic basis of the recurrency were determined. Exudates of ‘cropped-boils’ were obtained from 140 human volunteers (40 hospital reported and 100 non-reported cases of recurrent furunculosis) from different age range(1-100 years) for both genders within the six southwest states of Nigeria. The exudates were processed for isolation and identification of S. aureus by selective plating and biochemical tests. Antibiogram of the isolates was determined by disc-diffusion using multi-discs of eight standard antibiotics. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) of five selected antibiotics: amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, penicillin, ceftriaxone, cefuroxime and cloxacillin were determined by broth-dilution method. Detection of β-lactamase was carried out by cell-suspension iodometric method. Positive strains were processed for plasmid DNA isolation and molecular weight determination by lystostaphin cell lysis and agarose gel electrophoresis. Curing of R-plasmid DNA in selected bacterial strains was done by exposure to ethidium bromide prepared in 2-fold dilutions in nutrient broth from 6.25-100.00 μg/mL. Transfer of resistance was done by conjugation between some resistant strains as donors and Carolina-typed sensitive E. coli; E. coli 01 and E. coli 02 strains as recipients. The data were analysed using ANOVA at p = 0.05. A total of 102 isolates comprising seventeen from each of the six southwest states were identified and selected. The gender distributions were 46.0% females and 54.0% males, comprising of 20.0% hospital reported and 80.0% non-reported for the highest prevalence females and 5.0% hospital reported and 95.0% non-reported for males. Recurrent furunculosis had the highest prevalence in males within the age groups 11-50 years and in females, age groups, 11-70 years. The isolates exhibited the lowest resistance of 8.0% to amoxicillinclavulanic acid and 95.0% as the highest resistance to amoxicillin. Thirty of the isolates possessed β-lactamase in varying degrees out of which 29.0 were plasmid-borne. Of this number, 7.0 had multiple plasmid DNA of 2- 4 copies, ranging between 0.25 and 63.09 kb. The MIC of the antibiotics showed that the isolates were most susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (3.90 – 250 μg/mL) and the highest resistance was recorded for penicillin G (7.8 – 500 μg/mL). Curing of R-plasmid DNA occurred at concentrations of 50.0μg/mL and 100.0μg/mL of ethidium bromide while conjugation was achieved in two out of seven competent cells, indicating a plasmid-borne resistance. The prevalence of furunculosis varied across the different age groups. The high level multidrug resistance elicited by the strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated was established to be due to the associated transferable R-plasmid encoded β-lactamase. 1 results 1
- Haemorrhagic stroke in pyogenic meningitis is a rare complication, accounting for about 2% of all complications. It often results from disseminated intravascular coagulation, a complication of bacterial meningitis, and portends a poor prognosis. A superimposed intracranial haemorrhage, although extremely rare, is associated with a high mortality rate. We report a child who had haemorrhagic stroke during the acute phase of bacterial meningitis. The diagnosis was made during post-mortem examination. It was discovered that she had suffered haemorrhagic necrosis of both basal ganglion nuclei. Early imaging is advised in meningitis patients presenting with altered levels of consciousness to detect cerebrovascular complications. Introduction Meningitis is a severe infection of the leptomeninges caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi. Mortality rates are as low as 2% in infants and children and as high as 20–30% in neonates and adults. Cerebral vasculopathy is a complication of bacterial meningitis, with ischaemic stroke being much more common than haemorrhagic stroke, usually occurring during the acute phase of meningitis. Bacterial meningitis remains a leading cause of mortality from infectious disease globally, and the neurologic complications associated with this disease are a major contributor to mortality. In the paediatric age group, meningitis usually develops after encapsulated bacteria colonising the nasopharynx are disseminated into the blood and breach the blood–brain barrier, colonising the leptomeninges where they rapidly multiply. The body’s immune system mounts a response against the microbes. Studies in rabbits with C3 deficiency have demonstrated the importance of the complement system in meningitis. Genetic deficiencies in early response cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 predispose individuals to central nervous system infections that may run a fulminant course. Cerebral vasculopathy in bacterial meningitis can occur from infection by organisms such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. Haemorrhagic stroke from bacterial meningitis is rare. Various pathophysiological mechanisms have been proposed, including focal hyperperfusion from loss of cerebral autoregulation, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), localized vasculitis, and microaneurysm formation. This complication confers a worse prognosis on meningitis, with higher morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis of cerebrovascular events complicating meningitis allows for prompt surgical intervention to improve prognosis. We report the case of a nine-year-old female child who presented and died within 24 hours of presentation from bilateral basal ganglia haemorrhages due to acute bacterial meningitis. Case Report A nine-year-old female was seen in the paediatric clinic with a history of fever, sore throat, non-productive cough, vomiting, and generalized body weakness. She was a known asthmatic. She was nebulized and placed on antibiotics and antimalarials. Her condition deteriorated later in the night. She was brought into the children’s emergency unit with a six-hour history of fever and lack of response to calls for two hours. She was admitted into the intensive care unit and managed as a case of meningitis. On presentation, she was acutely ill, anicteric, and not cyanosed. There was tachycardia, with a blood pressure of 90/60 mmHg. She was tachypnoeic and dyspnoeic, with crepitations in the lower lung zones. The Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) was 13, the neck was supple, and Kernig’s and Brudzinski’s signs were negative. Pupils were 3 mm bilaterally and reacted briskly to light. Muscle tone and reflexes were normal, with no facioparesis. Laboratory tests revealed thrombocytopenia (platelet count 85,000/mm³), elevated INR (3.5), and deranged prothrombin time (41 seconds). Blood culture did not yield growth. Her GCS dropped to 6 within two hours of admission; she had two episodes of tonic convulsions and went into refractory shock despite intravenous boluses and adequate inotropic support. Nasogastric aspirate was bloody, and blood stains were seen in her perineum. She desaturated with SpO₂ of 65% while on 100% oxygen. Her GCS further dropped to 3 within fourteen hours of admission. She was managed with intravenous antibiotics, fluids, steroids, and antimalarials. Cranial imaging was not performed prior to death. She spent a total of seventeen hours on admission before demise. Although there was no growth on blood culture and a lumbar puncture was deferred, she was managed as a possible case of meningococcaemia. At autopsy, there was linear ecchymosis on the arm and ecchymosis on the right ventricular wall. Mesenteric and splenic haematoma with haemorrhagic gastropathy were noted. The lungs were markedly congested, showing features of diffuse alveolar damage with microthrombi. Histology of the kidneys showed extensive tubular necrosis, and both adrenal glands showed haemorrhagic infarctions. The brain was heavy, weighing 1600 g (normal 1150–1250 g), with greyish-white exudates over the convexities of the parietal lobes and superior cerebellar hemispheres; there was no frank pus. Coronal sections of the cerebral hemispheres showed bilateral basal ganglia haemorrhages affecting both lenticular nuclei and sparing the caudate. Histology revealed haemorrhagic infarction of the basal ganglia with associated microthrombi. The patient had no features of hypertension, and the vessels showed only mild fatty streaks of the abdominal aorta. 1 results 1
- Hereditary focal palmoplantar keratoderma are a heterogeneous group of disorders of keratinization characterized by focal areas of thickening of the palms and soles Different genetic abnormalities have been identified for the disorders under this group. However most of them have palmoplantar keratoderma as a common manifestation. This report is about Nigerian children who presented with focal palmoplantar keratoderma without associated disorders. They presented with gait abnormalities resulting from the plantar hyperkeratosis. One of the children had surgical excision of the lesions with skin grafting, which greatly improved the gait abnormality. Perhaps surgical intervention should be carried out earlier in this group of children in case of absence of other treatment modalities available so as to prevent permanent gait abnormalities. have a similar problem. Examination revealed a young boy with normal scalp hair. His dentition and buccal mucosa were normal. His palms and nails were also found to be normal. The soles of the feet showed bilateral striate hyperkeratosis warty in appearance with well defined edges. Both ankle joints were hyper extended. All other systems were within normal limits. Histology of the excised tissue showed marked hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, hypergranulosis and acanthosis. Histologic features of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis and human papilloma virus were absent. A diagnosis of focal palmoplantar keratoderma without associated features was made, most likely of the striate type. In view of the extent of the lesions and the gait problems. Surgical excision of the hyperkeratosis was suggested. The areas with warty hyperkeratoses were excised bilaterally and skin was taken from the thighs and grafted to the feet. Both grafts healed well. He was then encouraged to bear weight gradually on the graft with the help of physiotherapy. The graft keratinized gradually in the pressure bearing areas and he was adviced to use well padded shoes and take extra care of his feet. He also started physiotherapy to encourage ambulation. 1 results 1
- Hunter syndrome is one of the mucopolysaccharidosis, which are a rare group of genetic diseases, It is due to a deficiency in the enzyme Iduronate 2-sulphatase. This in turn leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans, dermatan and heparan sulphate. The intra and extracellular accumulation of this substances lead to multisystemic organ abnormality. We present a patient with Hunter syndrome who presented with involvement of the skin, cardiovascular system, the eyes and musculoskeletal system. We have also included a literature review. As far as we know, it is the first case reported in a Nigerian. 1 results 1
- Hunter syndrome, 1 results 1
- Intradural tumors 1 results 1
- Meningococcaemia 1 results 1
- Neurofibromatosis type 1 results 1
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