Full Text Available
Access Full Text at Repository
Search Results - Energy utilization
Search alternatives:
- utilization »
- Go to Previous Page
- Showing 681 - 682 results of 682
-
Cogasification of coal and biomass : impact on condensate and syngas production by Aboyade, Akinwale Olufemi
Published 2012Get full text
ThesisFull Text AvailableAccess Full Text at Repository
Search Tools:
Refine Results
Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- General 8 results 8
- Energy 5 results 5
- African Open Access — Technology & Engineering 2 results 2
- Nigeria’s crises of development are more evident in her persistently poor electric power regime. This paper focuses on the consequences of use of gasoline generators as alternative source of energy among business operators in Ibadan. Data were collected from 543 questionnaire responses, 15 In-depth Interviews and 6 Focus Group Discussions. Findings revealed that 83.6 percent of the respondents often utilized gasoline generators and 76.8 percent could not do without it. While the respondents perceived headache, cough, catarrh and respiratory tract infection as major health consequences, reduction in profit (33.7 percent) and low sales/service delivery (25.2 percent) were identified as negative economic effects of reliance on generators. Their coping strategies included regular medical check-up, nose-mask and bulk sales. Intensifying efforts at stabilizing electric power supply will go a long way to improving the health and socio-economic conditions of small and medium scale entrepreneurs and ultimately sustainable development. 2 results 2
- Oil palm slurry 2 results 2
- "In this work, three models are used to analyze the electric load capacity of a fast growing urban city and to estimate its future consumption. Ikorodu, the case-study location is a highly populated city whose energy demand is continuously increasing. The ultimate focus of this study is to establish a basis for the comparison of different electric load consumption for the existing populace and to provide estimates for the future planning of the city. In this work, three different models have been used to present more accurate load predictions and to enhance proper comparison of results. Among numerous mathematical and scientific models that are applicable to this kind of task, the compound-growth method, the linear model approach and the cubic model have been chosen to enhance diversity in load analysis. The futuristic scheme to be harnessed will fall within the ranges of values obtained from the three different models used in forecasting. This paper concludes with issues pertaining to economics of load utilization as it affects substantive planning. " 1 results 1
- "The dearth and cost of energy supply in Nigeria calls for planning and management through energy audit. The object of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive energy audit of the two commercial buildings commonly referred to as Energy House and Mirror House which are the head offices of the Global Fleet Oil & Gas Ltd. Company and National Mirror Newspaper respectively, using their 2011 energy consumption data. The power supplies to both offices are from the same generators which provide two third of the power supply to the building in 2011 but with different transformers of 1000 kV A each for the PHCN power supply. The facilities load were assessed by direct inspection and conversion were done where necessary. The capacities of the available three generators were 400, 640 & 1000 kW respectively (using 0.8 power factor) and the maximum load of the facility at any time in a day is 398 kW. This study has revealed the monumental financial waste on the un-utilized energy and facilities that could be replaced with energy saver equipment. Therefore, it is imperative that a holistic energy planning and regular assessment of energy requirements are considered as key components of building projects. " 1 results 1
- "The study evaluated the contributions of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) to household income and food security in the adjoining villages of Gambari forest reserve Nigeria. Stratified random sampling was used to select respondents among the community members. 141 copies of questionnaires were administered among consumers and marketers of NTFPs. The data obtained were subjected to descriptive statistics, t-test and rate of return on investment (RORI). Results indicate that 61.7% of the marketers were involved in NTFPs marketing on full time basis and 63.12% of them were females. Ten important NTFPs were found to contribute to food in -take and income in the area. Sixty one percent of the respondents obtained the products from the forest. Vegetables are consumed with 45.4% of their meals on a year round basis. The contributions of NTFPs to household income amount to 68.1% of total monthly income. The difference in monthly income generated from NTFPs and other sources is significant (p < 0.05). Fuel wood is used by 46.09 % of the respondents as a source of energy for cooking and preserving foods. It is recommended that important NTFPs be integrated into the traditional farming system so as to enhance sustainable supplies. The NTFPs should also be developed in terms of value addition in order to promote efficient resource utilization. Also, proper inventory of the forest should be carried out to assess the stocking level and determine potential yield to guard against over-exploitation. " 1 results 1
- "With high solar radiation across Nigeria, solar power system can become a viable solution to the Nigeria's electricity power crisis if the problem of high capital cost of solar power supply system can be addressed. In this study the use of demand management based design approach has been explored for reducing the capital cost of residential solar power supply system. Utilities and energy demands of thirty randomly picked homes in selected residential areas were studied. The houses were classified into one, two and three rooms' residential apartments. New energy efficient appliances that can deliver the same or higher utility values as those already in use in these houses were classified into one, two and three rooms' residential apartments. New energy efficient appliances that can deliver the same or higher utility values as those already in use in these houses were identified and proposed as replacement to cut energy demand. Cost analysis of replacement with these energy star appliances was carried out. Solar system designs and associated cost models were developed for both the existing demand system and the proposed energy efficient demand system. For comparative analysis, appliances replacement cost was factored into the associated solar system capital cost. The average total energy demands were 1255W, 1785W, and 2185 for one, two, and three bedroom flats respectively while equivalent demands for energy efficient system are 389W, 820W, and 851W respectively. The cost of designing and installing a solar power with the replaced appliances exhibits a significant reduction of 64.88%, 64.5% and 62.16% for the one, two and three rooms residential set up respectively. We conclude that an integrated demand management design approach is very useful in reducing the capital cost of residential solar systems. " 1 results 1
- A twelve -week feeding trial was carried out to assess the nutritive potentials of kola pod husk and to assess the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles on varying levels of kola pod husk- supplementation. The objective of this study was to assess the nutritive potentials of kola pod husk on the performance of C. gariepinus and its level of incorporation in such diets. Eight experimental bowls (60x3Ox30cm3) were used for the experiment. There were four treatments with each treatment having two replicates. The fish had initial mean body weight of 10.56g. The experimental diets were formulated at 38% crude protein and the fish fed at 5% of their body weight three times per day with graded levels of 0, 10,20, and 30% of ko la pod husk. 15 fish were stocked per replicate. Proximate composition of fish before and after the experiment, proximate composition of kola pod husk, the growth performance and nutrient utilization of feed by fish were determined. Significant differences were observed between the control diet and 10 -20 % inclusion of kola nut pod husk with the control having the best growth indices. However fish on 30 % kola pod husk inclusion performed best among kola nut pod husk -containing diets .There was no significant difference between 30 % inclusion of kolanut pod husk and the control diet on all parameters considered. The inclusion of 30% sun -dried and kola nut pod husk produced the best growth performance of the experimental fish and could be considered as a potential energy supplier in C. gariepinus juveniles" diets subject to further studies 1 results 1
- Activated biochar 1 results 1
- Ad-libitum 1 results 1
- Agro-industrial by-products are being used as an alternative to traditional building materials because the construction of buildings and roads emits greenhouse gases and consumes energy. This study explores pervious concrete (PC) that includes sorghum husk ash (SHA) and palm kernel shell (PKS) as alternatives to cement and natural aggregate (NA) to obtain a robust, sustainable and cost efficient pavement structure. Mixtures of PC were produced with 5–25% SHA at a level of 5% by weight as substitution for cement and 20–100% PKS at a level of 20% by weight as substitution for NA. The performance of SHA-PKS based PC was evaluated using density, compressive strength, porosity and permeability. Sustainability of combining SHA and PKS on PC was also examined by measuring embodied carbon and energy as well as cost efficacy. Thereafter, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models to optimize the prediction of porosity and permeability were developed for the PC. Utilizing the coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE), the suitability of the ANN models was assessed. Results showed that as SHA and PKS amounts increased, PC densities declined. Except at 5%, when they were higher than the control, compressive strength decreased as SHA increased. On the other hand, the addition of PKS increased PC porosity and permeability while lowering density and compressive strength. Mixture of SHA-blended PKS based PC with 40% PKS and 20% SHA attained the compressive strength, porosity and permeability values specified for PC which is adequate for sidewalks and cycle ways. This mixture lowers the embodied carbon, embodied energy and cost by 23%, 20% and 24% respectively. The adopted ANN models adequately predicted the porosity and permeability of PC (R2: 0.99; MSE: 0.88–1.76; RMSE: 0.94–1.32). The findings of this work offer a sustainable path to recycle SHA and PKS for constructions. 1 results 1
- Agro-waste 1 results 1
- Alternative feed 1 results 1
- Ammonium sulphate 1 results 1
- Ammonium sulphate, a chemical compound was utilized to evaluate its potential through in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation characteristics as a rumen stimulator and mitigates methane gas. Four experimental diets were formulated with ammonium sulphate (AS) included at varying levels: T1 (control/0% AS), T2 (control diet + 0.25% AS), T3 (control diet + 0.50% AS) and T4 (control diet + 0.75% AS). Rumen fluid was collected from the ewes, sixteen in number and weighing 24 kg averagely, using suction tube method to evaluate in vitro gas production, determine microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics. Gas production was determined over a 96 hour period. Other data collected included organic matter digestibility (OMD%), short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA μml), Metabolisable Energy (ME MJ/KJ DM), Degradability (D%), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), rumen pH, temperature and ammonia nitrogen (AN). Results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for in vitro gas production profiles (i.e. total gas, OMD, ME, SCFA). However, as inclusion increased it stimulated the parameters measured to be numerically higher than control. Methane gas was highest for control diet (4 ml/200 mg DM) while T2 recorded the least (2 ml/200 mg DM). Degradability increased as the inclusion level of AS increased. Control diet was the lowest (32%) while T4 had the highest (45%). The rumen fermentation characteristics showed significant (p<0.05) differences for all the parameters measured except rumen temperature. Animals on T4 diet recorded the highest (p<0.05) pH value (6.85) while those on T2 diet had the least (6.53). Animals on Control diet recorded the highest values (p<0.05) for AN and acetic acid (100.40 mg/l and 8.98 mol/100L) while the least values were observed in animals on T2 diet (AN) and those on T4 (acetic acid). Increase inclusion of AS caused a decrease in acetic acid. Rumen bacteria was highest (p<0.05) in animals on T4 (1.40 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)) and lowest in those on T3 (0.65 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)). For fungi and protozoa, animals on T4 and T2 diets were higher (p<0.05) respectively than those on Control diet (1.15 and 1.09 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) compared to 1.10 and 0.85 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) respectively). Supplementation of AS has been validated by this study, with a 0.75% inclusion level resulting in lowest methane gas, and higher ME, SCFA, pH, bacteria and fungi and may be recommended for ruminant feeding. 1 results 1
- An energy minimization route in an all scrap based EAF steel production process is presented in this paper. The attractiveness in flexibility of operation of mini-mills has driven its use by private investors in Nigeria on the upward trend. The situation is not likely to change much as the market demand for steel is not met. However, energy utilization is a major consideration in EAF steel making process route. amajor energy reduction route and productivity boosted by the use of fossil energy in the burners that are firmly installed in the furnace sidewall panels to the EAFs. Thus, primary energy fuel(gas) can be used for heating and pre- melting before the molten steel is transferred to the EAF for superheating resulting in a minimal use of high cost electricity. A shorter tap- to- tap time is envisaged through spatially separated vessels for heating and super heating of the steel. 1 results 1
- An experiment was conducted to assess the performance, welfare and digestibility of broilers fed varying forms of feeding regimes. The objective of this work research was investigate the possibility of improving growth performances, digestibility and welfare of broilers using ad libitum, split and restricted feeding. Formulated diet was given in four different forms Ad-libitum (Treatment 1) twice a day meal/split feeding (Treatment 2) thrice a day feeding (Treatment 3) 3 hours restriction feeding (Treatment 4). Experimental design was completely randomized design. 240 broilers were randomly allotted to four treatments with 6 replicates and 10 birds per replicate. Birds were weighed weekly to evaluate their performances, faeces was collected on day 42, to determine digestibility and rectal temperature was taken as a measure of bird's wellbeing. Results showed that there were no significant differences (p≥ 0.05) in performance of birds across treatments but values from birds fed Ad-libitum were higher. Rectal temperature (RT) differ at week 4, birds fed 3 hours restricted feeding had the highest RT (41.62°C) while the least RT were from birds fed Ad-libitum (41.20°C). Significant differences were obtained in digestibility and nutrient utilization of broilers with respect to feeding regimes. Crude protein (CP) digestibility was significantly higher in birds fed 3 hours restriction (81.91%) while birds fed Ad-libitum had the least (46.76%). The digestibility of crude fibre was higher in birds fed 3 hours restricted feeding regime (86.77%) the least was from birds fed thrice a day feeding regime (62.66%). A similar trend was obtained for digestibility of gross energy. Ad-libitum feeding had the highest non-significant performance values but split feeding optimized feed and nutrient utilization thereby enhancing performance and minimizing nutrient waste at the same time. 1 results 1
- Anaerobk Digesrer 1 results 1
- Anti-nutritional factors 1 results 1
- Antioxidants 1 results 1
- Arborea 1 results 1
- Ash content 1 results 1
- Assessment 1 results 1
- BCCA 1 results 1
- Background: Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analogue of lysine that is clinically useful as an antifibrinolytic agent. Due to its lack of chromophores and aromaticity, chemical derivatization is necessitated and outcomes are often poor and/or associated with low sensitivity and poor stability. Objective: To develop a colorimetric method for the determination of tranexamic acid (TXA) following the optimization and parameterization of the charge-transfer (CT) complexation of the drug with chloranilic acid (CAA). Method: The method involved the utilization of TXA as n-electron donor and CAA as π-acceptor in methanol to generate a CT complex. Factors contributory to the formation and stabilization of the complex were optimized. The Benesi-Hilderbrand equation was used to estimate the molar absorptivity and formation constant of the CT band before its application to dosage form analysis. Results: The CT band which absorbed maximally at 520 nm was associated with molar absorptivity of 807 Lmol- 1cm-1 and a large formation constant (1.14x104). The calculated physicochemical properties including transition energy (2.303eV), oscillator strength (0.267), transition dipole moment (5.455 Debye), resonance energy (1.159 eV), ionization potential (8.679 eV) and dissociation energy (5.276 eV) as well as the thermodynamic parameters were indicative of a highly stable charge-transfer complex. Under optimal conditions, the assays of the drug were linear over the range 10-100 μg/mL and the method was accurate and reproducible (inter-day relative errors and standard deviations not greater than 2.92% and 3.40% respectively). When applied to dosage forms, there was no statistical difference in the mean recoveries of the new method when compared to reference method. Conclusion: The new method is rapid, accurate and precise. It can serve as alternative to the routine analysis of tranexamic acid in bulk and dosage forms. 1 results 1
- Bamboo 1 results 1
- Biochemical oxygen demand 1 results 1
- Biodigder 1 results 1
- see all…
- SUNScholar — Stellenbosch University Repository 236 results 236
- UCTD — University of Cape Town Open Access Repository 178 results 178
- UPSpace — University of Pretoria Institutional Repository 160 results 160
- AUC Knowledge Fountain — bepress 44 results 44
- KNUSTSpace — Kwame Nkrumah University of Science & Technology (Ghana) 6 results 6