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Alternative wall-to-slab connection systems in reinforced concrete structures by Gerber, Johannes Daniel
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Aerodynamic properties 1 results 1
- African Traditional Religion 1 results 1
- Ante-Natal 1 results 1
- Antenatal 1 results 1
- Background: Opt out strategy was designed to improve uptake of HIV testing and counselling (HTC) services but only a fifth of the population utilise this service in Nigeria. This study was conducted to determine perception about the opt out strategy for HIV screening among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in a secondary health facility in Ibadan, Nigeria where the opt out strategy was used for HIV screening. Methodology: Cross sectional study was conducted and systematic random sampling was used to recruit 500 pregnant women. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, general knowledge about HIV transmission, assessment of HIV screening services in the hospital and attitude towards HIV screening was obtained. Results: Mean age of respondents was 27.4 (SD±6.1) years, 86.8% were married and 79.2% had at least secondary school education. Overall, 69.2% had good knowledge about routes of HIV transmission. More than 90% reported that information received during the HTC session was understood. Only 41.8% reported adequate privacy during screening process while 20.4% felt they were forced to participate. Positive attitude towards HTC was seen in 72.0%. Higher education was associated with better knowledge of routes of HIV transmission (OR=3.8; 95%CI= -4.3-3.3) Being married or cohabiting with a partner (OR=3.7; 95% CI=16.8-0.8), having more than one sexual partner (OR=3.3; 95%CI=-3.7-2.97) and being HIV negative (OR=3.9; 95%CI=39.0-0.39) was associated with a positive attitude towards HIV screening. Conclusion: Inadequate privacy and patient's voluntariness were major complaints about opt out strategy for HTC. Improving privacy and stressing that screening is optional may improve general uptake of HTC when using the opt out strategy. 1 results 1
- Channels 1 results 1
- Christ Apostolic Church 1 results 1
- Community participation 1 results 1
- Condiments 1 results 1
- Cowpea 1 results 1
- Cultural strategies 1 results 1
- Diffusion velocity 1 results 1
- Faith Based Birth Homes 1 results 1
- Fermented legumes 1 results 1
- Forced convection 1 results 1
- HIV screening 1 results 1
- Health-seeking behaviour 1 results 1
- Healthcare policy initiatives have often failed to achieve the set goal of providing access to basic health services in Nigeria. Although implementation studies have sought to explain healthcare policy at both the international and national levels, few studies have focused at the sub-national level of the states and local governments (LGs). Also, the few studies on Plateau State healthcare delivery have been done largely by donor agencies with limited focus on political economy of healthcare policy and primary healthcare (PHC) delivery. This study, therefore, examined the implementation of PHC policy in Plateau State from a political economy perspective, from 1990 to 2010. Political Economy provided the theoretical basis. The study adopted survey and case study research designs. Using a two-stage random sampling method, 903 households from 12 health districts drawn proportionately, covering rural and urban populations of the state, responded to copies of a user-based questionnaire. The questionnaire focused on socio-demographic characteristics (age, sex and education), healthcare financing, provision and utilisation of health services and management variables. Thirty key informant interviews were conducted with key government officials, past and current commissioners for health, LGs’ chairmen and traditional birth attendants. Secondary data were sourced on policy achievement indicators from the Plateau State Health Strategic Plan 2010, National Bureau of Statistics: Annual Abstract of Statistics and Statistical fact sheet. Fund, human resources, health facility ratio, quality of service, under-5 mortality, community participation/stakeholder frameworks, and political/bureaucratic commitment were variables used for the analysis. Quantitative data were analysed, using descriptive and regression statistics at p<0.5 level of significance and qualitative data were content analysed. Respondents’ age was 43.1 ± 13.3 years and 55.5% were females while those with secondary and post-secondary education constituted 70.5% and 17.6% had primary education. There was no significant difference in the type of services rendered and the quality of services provided (F value = 33.318). Majority of respondents (80%) indicated poor quality services. The health sector was poorly funded with an average budget of 6% and 1% per annum at the state and LG levels respectively. High cost of medical services forced the rural populace to patronise quack chemists and traditional healers. There were 327 nurses/midwives in 908 PHCs across the LGs in the state, a ratio of 0.3/PHC against the minimum 4/facility national standard. Healthcare professional ratio was 1.4/1,000 population compared to national standard of 2/1,000, and World Health Organisation standard of 2.5/1000. Under-5 mortality was at an average of 2.6%. Poor community participation resulted from lack of clearly-stated roles and responsibilities and lack of clear guidelines for collaboration among stakeholders. Decentralised healthcare givers were not empowered to take decisions that can enhance their performance. Poor attitude to work, corruption and ineffective accountability weighed heavily on implementation. The objectives of the primary healthcare policy were not fully achieved due to poor implementation. Policy action deviated from policy intention because of lack of commitment, limited fund and unclear guidelines for collaboration and participation and therefore resulting in performance and interaction deficits among stakeholders 1 results 1
- Heat transfer 1 results 1
- Household economy 1 results 1
- Household economy involves the production and consumption at micro level of human organisation and is characterised by cultural forces that influence actions taken to prevent and/or cure illnesses in rural communities. Existing studies on household economy in rural communities of Nigeria have focused on production and consumption patterns, without paying considerable attention to how local economic system influences health-seeking behaviour. This study, therefore examines the cultural strategies employed in household economy and their implication for choice and utilisation of healthcare services in rural Akoko communities of Ondo State. The study adopted the political economy of health theory and exploratory design. The theory posits a relationship between economic structure and health care system. One rural community was randomly selected from each of the four local government areas populated by the Akoko, namely Akoko North-west, Akoko North-East, Akoko South-West, Akoko South-East. The sampled communities are Akunnu, Ese, Ikun and Ipe-Akoko respectively. Sixteen Focus Group Discussions were conducted with men and women in the sampled households. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with purposively selected 24 health care providers, and 68 economic groups. Unstructured Observation method is also adopted for data collection. Data were subjected to content analysis. The cultural strategies adopted in household economy in rural Akoko are “Abo” (a system of organising services/labour) and “Ajugba” (a system of exchanging economic goods). Both strategies are anchored in the concept of Moye (a kinship ideology emphasising welfare creation), which demands mutual economic assistance to one’s kinsmen. However, these are principles that make household economic activities more complex and tasking in rural Akoko. The strategies affect the choice and utilisation of healthcare services. Abo encourages the flow of labour but increases time and energy expended on economic activities. It therefore limits available time to seek quality orthodox healthcare, thus, making the people to rely more on traditional healthcare and home remedies. Ajugba, on the other hand, creates availability of goods more than attracting monetary rewards to finance healthcare, and makes the people to seek cheaper healthcare. Herbal concoctions are applied for injury and pains, while home remedies are applied for curing illnesses and for preventive measures. Rural Akoko people preferred traditional healthcare and home remedies which allow them have more time for economic activities. Orthodox healthcare providers indicate that rural Akoko people devoted more attention to work than healthcare and sought orthodox healthcare at advanced stages of illnesses, resulting in morbidity and mortality. The interface between cultural strategies and the utilisation of healthcare services in rural Akoko communities indicates their importance of healthcare intervention. The cultural strategies adopted in the rural Akoko communities economic system has strong influence in determining the choice and utilisation of healthcare resources. The interface between the local economy and health-seeking behaviour in rural communities therefore deserves sustainable attention for aiding health interventions policy formulation. 1 results 1
- Illocutionary acts 1 results 1
- In many industrial applications, such as electronic systems, performance failure and breakdown usually occur due to poor thermal management, which could be adequately controlled through a proper understanding and management of the forced convection system and use of the vortex element method. The main contribution of this paper is that it shows how the vortex element method is capable of producing results similar to those reported in literature. The paper utilised vortex element method to model familiar problems in heat transfer, which is laminar flow over isothermal flat plate and isothermal two parallel-plate channels. Numerical models were developed using diffusion velocity method, a version of vortex element method, from vorticity transport equation and the energy equation for each of the cases. The velocity and temperature distributions, obtained for both plates and channels, were utilised to calculate Nusselt numbers with Reynolds numbers in the range of 20 to 120. The logarithmic plot of Nusselt number versus Reynolds number for forced convection on single horizontal plates yielded a slope of 0.46 and an intercept of -0.29 while that for forced convection in horizontal channels had a slope of 0.87 and an intercept of -0.88. The results obtained in this work show the diffusion velocity method to be a viable numerical tool for modelling fluid flow problems and also heat transfer problems. 1 results 1
- Inadequate access to Ante-Natal Care (ANC) services is one of the factors responsible for high maternal and infant mortalities in Nigeria. Studies have focused on clinical determinants of pregnancy outcomes with little attention paid to belief systems and characteristic features of pregnant women who utilise ANC in spite of the potential role of religious beliefs system on pregnant women’s choice of health care services. This study, therefore, examined the influence of belief systems and socio-demographic characteristics of pregnant women on utilisation of ANC services in Ilesa, Osun State. Functionalist Theory and Health Belief Model (HBM) were used. Multistage sampling technique was used to select 500 pregnant women at household level (50), faith homes (225) and health centres (225). Ilesa was purposefully selected because of the preponderance of Faith Based Birth Homes (FBBH). Questionnaire was utilised to obtain quantitative data on socio-demographic characteristics, perception of aetiology of pregnancy complications, influence of religious beliefs, adherence to care givers’ prescriptions and husbands' roles in pregnancy care. Qualitative data were collected through non-participant observation of 20 sessions of ANC and prayer meetings. In addition, 12 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) were conducted in each FBBH and orthodox health care institution. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and Chi-Square statistics at p< 0.05. Ethnographic summary was used to analyse qualitative data. Respondents’ age was 29.5 + 5years, 86.6% were Christians, 74.6% were married and 30.6% had tertiary education. About 80% attended ANC; and of this, 24.6% had their last babies in FBBH while 11.8% delivered at home. Less than 40.0% completed minimum requirements of four ANC visits. Only 51.6% had ante-natal ultra sound evaluations, 37.6% took two shots of tetanus toxoid while 18.2% refused any form of immunization as a result of religious belief. Adultery (43.8%) and activities of witches and wizards (41.6%) were perceived as causes of pregnancy complications. There was no significant relationship between religious affiliation and place of delivery. Decision making on utilisation of ANC services reflected dominant gender structure as 61.9% of respondents reported that husbands determined the choice of place of delivery. There was no significant relationship between demographic characteristics of pregnant women and ANC utilisation; age (t= .649), marital status (t=1.038), education (t= -.356) and income (t= -.356) were not significantly related to ANC utilisation. Majority of the IDIs revealed that respondents perceived pregnancy processes and outcomes as more spiritual than medical. Praying, confessions of sins, application of anointing-oil and spiritual baths were perceived as efficacious for warding off evil forces. The ANC providers in FBBH reported that many women could not afford delivery materials thereby causing some husbands to abscond on the day of delivery. Faith Based Birth Homes enjoyed more patronage than orthodox birth homes. Therefore, there is need for supportive supervision of FBBH by health professionals. 1 results 1
- Israelite religion 1 results 1
- Journal Publication Calls 1 results 1
- Learning takes place with cooperation between teachers and learners using established norms. Certain variables have been identified as contributory to effective teaching and learning in Nigerian schools among which are; teaching materials that include knowledge generation and its utilisation, pedagoogical principles that include teacher preparation, infrastructural provision and development involving school plant creation, classroom creation, class size and general management of the classroom. Classroom management has peculiar challenges in the present dispensation. The study gives an overview of knowledge creation znd its management, learning principles and general thoeries of learning. It investigates challenges and causes of poor classroom learning of include; inadequate teacher preparation, inadequate instructional materials for effective classroom instruction in schools, uncooperative ethnic divergences on the perception of education, poverty that induces absenteesim and indiscipline in schools, unfriendly educational policies orchestrated by forces of ethnicism, nepotism, poor leadership and corruption. Other challenges include increasing dissatisfaction with the returns to education. Solutions advocated include; sensitization of stakeholders on the need to educated citizens and see internal education as a product that must be jointly funded by private and public sector, increas in training and retraining of staff (teachers) to meet present needs of the school system, class size, pupil/teacher ratios, infrastructural provision etc. Perspectives of 21st century effective classroom management are examined. 1 results 1
- Linguist List 1 results 1
- Locutions 1 results 1
- Meat 1 results 1
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