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PSYCHO-SOCIAL SUPPORTS AND FAMILY INTEGRATION AS DETERMINANTS OF PALLIATIVE CARE OF TERMINALLY-ILL PATIENTS IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE HOSPITAL, IBADAN NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Family integration 3 results 3
- Nigeria 3 results 3
- Palliative care 3 results 3
- Psychosocial supports 3 results 3
- Terminally ill patients 3 results 3
- Economics 2 results 2
- Healthcare financing 2 results 2
- Social Sciences 2 results 2
- The cross-sectional survey design was used in the 'Study to elicit "data in Edo State, Nigeria to assess the strategies employed by households to cope with the financial costs of healthcare. Questionnaire data were collected from 508 household respondents in three randomly-selected Local Government Areas of the state including Esan-west, Etsako-west and Egor. Twelve Focus Group Discussions complemented survey data. The main strategies to cope with the financial costs' of health care were mobilization of cas1i and savings (40.5%), and sale of produce and assets (16.0%). Level of income was a significant factors, affecting the ability to mobilize cash and savings to cope with the financial costs of health care (X2 = 31.787, 4df, p<0.05, critical value = 9.49). Diversion of money intended for food, education; -and clothes to cope with the financial costs of health care was common, relatively, to respondents with low income level (X2 = 13.050, 4df, p<0.05, critical value = 9.94). The findings of the study indicate that urban households have the ability to cope with the financial costs of health care, than rural households. It is therefore imperative that government should not only make healthcare facilities available but should also alleviate poverty in society to enable people defray the cost of healthcare with minimal effort. 2 results 2
- University Students 2 results 2
- — — — — — Business and Economics 2 results 2
- Aged Women 1 results 1
- Aged women 1 results 1
- Agency theory 1 results 1
- Antibiotic Misuse 1 results 1
- Antibiotic misuse 1 results 1
- BACKGROUND: Tobacco consumption increases the chance that an individual will suffer from illhealth. Financial cost associated with increased demand for medical care can be substantial and catastrophic, especially for households in the lowest income stratum. This paper extends what is known about the poverty impact of tobacco use by estimating the increased risk of incurring higher catastrophic health expenditure because of tobacco consumption. METHODS: The data for the study were drawn from the Harmonized Nigerian Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) conducted in 2009/2010 by the National Bureau of Statistics. Three log-linear models of health expenditures were used to predict the health expenditure attributable to tobacco consumption. The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure (CHE) was estimated using the standard 40-percent threshold of household total nonfood expenditure. RESULTS: Based on the three log-linear regression models, smokers had higher health expenditure compared to non-smokers (by 43.91%, 33.23% and 41.51%). Excess average health expenditure attributable to tobacco use was the highest among moderately poor smokers (Nigerian national currency Naira (NGN) 37,734.90 (USD251)) and the lowest among non-poor smokers (NGN 7,819.78 (USD52)). In addition, extremely poor smokers incurred higher medical expenditure attributable to tobacco use compared to non-poor smokers. Among the non-poor households, 23.87% experienced CHE in the rural areas and 13.62% in the urban ones. Accounting for the predicted excess medical expenditure among smokers, there was a 3.11% increase in the burden of CHE among households living in rural location. Overall, excess medical expenditure associated with tobacco use increased the incidence of CHE among households. CONCLUSION: Essentially, smoking will aggravate the financial hardship of households because of higher burden of CHE in the short and long run. Therefore, healthcare policymakers in Nigeria can reduce the excessive financial burden attributable to smoking by developing policies that curtail tobacco consumption. Evidence provided in this study supports this. 1 results 1
- Background: Antibiotic misuse is a major contributory factor to treatment failure, antibiotic resistance and high healthcare costs. Objectives: To evaluate level of self-reported antibiotic misuse among non-medical undergraduate students of a Nigerian university. Methods: Respondents’ knowledge of antibiotics and disposal system for left-over antibiotics were explored using a structured questionnaire. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Chi square was used to evaluate relationship between specific categorical variables and respondents’ opinions with p<0.05. Results: More than half the respondents obtained their antibiotics through doctor’s prescriptions (273; 68.3%). The study revealed gross antibiotic misuse with majority, (298;74.5%) either by keeping left-over antibiotics for future use or throwing it away with refuse. Respondents (289; 72.3%) sometimes forgot to take the antibiotics. Financial constraints (73; 18.3%), long duration of treatment (70; 17.5%), side effects experienced (60;15.0%), polypharmacy (56;14.0%), tablet size (45;11.3%), and perceived low level of confidence in the prescriber (11; 2.8%) were major reasons for non-adherence. Course of study of respondents had no significant effect on respondents’ knowledge or adherence (p>0.05). Conclusion: Misuse of antibiotics among non-medical undergraduate students in a Nigerian university setting is pervasive suggesting an urgent need for enlightenment on rational use and disposal of antibiotics. 1 results 1
- Background: Antibiotic misuse is a major contributory factor to treatment failure, antibiotic resistance and high healthcare costs. Objectives: To evaluate level of self-reported antibiotic misuse among non-medical undergraduate students of a Nigerian university. Methods: Respondents’ knowledge of antibiotics and disposal system for left-over antibiotics were explored using a structured questionnaire. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics. Chi square was used to evaluate relationship between specific categorical variables and respondents’ opinions with p<0.05. Results: More than half the respondents obtained their antibiotics through doctor’s prescriptions (273;68.3%). The study revealed gross antibiotic misuse with majority, (298;74.5%) either by keeping left-over antibiotics for future use or throwing it away with refuse. Respondents (289; 72.3%) sometimes forgot to take the antibiotics. Financial constraints (73; 18.3%), long duration of treatment (70; 17.5%), side effects experienced (60;15.0%), polypharmacy (56;14.0%), tablet size (45;11.3%), and perceived low level of confidence in the prescriber (11; 2.8%) were major reasons for non-adherence. Course of study of respondents had no significant effect on respondents’ knowledge or adherence (p>0.05). Conclusion: Misuse of antibiotics among non-medical undergraduate students in a Nigerian university setting is pervasive suggesting an urgent need for enlightenment on rational use and disposal of antibiotics. 1 results 1
- Background: Knowledge of the specific expectations of patients with neurological conditions (NCs) from rehabilitation helps in setting attainable goals. Such expectations may vary from situation to situation. There are no studies investigating rehabilitation expectations amongst individuals with NCs in Nigeria. Objectives: The aim of our study was to explore the rehabilitation expectations of individuals with NCs. Method: This convergent mixed-methods study comprised a cross-sectional survey of 105 individuals with NCs and two sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) amongst eight individuals with NCs. The modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess rehabilitation needs as a proxy for rehabilitation expectations, whilst disability was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using inferential statistics at p < 0.05. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. Results: Sixty-one (58.1%) stroke survivors, 33 (31.4%) individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 11 (10.5%) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) aged 46.48 ± 15.91 were surveyed. The need for social/recreational activity was the most expressed need (100%) amongst the participants. Mobility was reported as an important need constituting a barrier to enjoying life by 93 (88.6%) participants. Individuals with SCI expressed the greatest needs compared with the other two groups. Needs were significantly correlated with severity of disability (p < 0.05). Four overarching themes (physical health, financial, healthcare services/rehabilitation and emotional/social) representing major areas of needs emerged from the FGD data. Conclusion: Individuals with NCs in Nigeria have specified expectations of rehabilitation. Disability was a major driver of these expectations, irrespective of NC subtype. Clinical implications: Rehabilitation programmes for individuals with NCs should target expressed needs or expectations of each patient cohort and minimise disabilities associated with these conditions. 1 results 1
- Building and Construction 1 results 1
- Catastrophic health expenditure 1 results 1
- Concentration Index 1 results 1
- Concentration payment curve 1 results 1
- Coping strategies 1 results 1
- Corporate governance 1 results 1
- Corporate governance (CG) safeguards shareholders’ portfolios and ensures optimal returns in terms of dividend payouts (DPs) on investment. The association between CG and DPs could be significant in relation to risk exposure, operational and financing activities across firms and sectors. Also, the differential dividend payment between large and small firms might be due to economies of scale enjoyed by large firms. The relationship between CG and DPs has been well researched, however; the role of firm size and sectoral classification on these two has not been given adequate consideration in the literature. This study, therefore, examined the moderating effects of firm size and sectoral classification of CG on DPs in Nigeria. Agency theory provided the basis for the articulation of the model which captured the effects of CG on DPs. Governance indicators (number of independent directors, institutional investors, board size and managerial shareholding) and dividend per share of 101 non-financial listed companies in Nigeria from 1995-2012 were compiled from annual reports and statements of accounts of the firms; as well as various issues of the Nigerian Stock Exchange Factbook. The analysis was conducted at aggregate, size and sectoral levels. The firms were categorised into small (38) and large (63) based on their total assets. A sample was taken from agriculture (6), automobile (6), building (8), brewery (6), chemical/paints (9), conglomerates (9), construction (6), food and beverages, (17), healthcare (11), industrial/domestic products (10), petroleum (9) and printing/publishing (4) sub-sectors. The system generalised method of moments estimation technique that included both level and difference equations was employed. It accommodates firm level characteristics and addresses autocorrelation bias. Diagnostic tests were carried out to ascertain the robustness of the parameter estimates. All the estimates were validated at p = 0.05. A one percent increase in the number of independent directors and shareholding of institutional investors generated 68.0% and 0.9% increase in DPs respectively. The DPs rose by 10.7%, 8.0% and 0.05% given a percentage increase in profits after tax, gross earnings and previous dividend, respectively. Conversely, DPs declined by a 23.0% with a one percent increase in managerial shareholding. The relationship between CG and DPs was positive in large firms and negative in small firms. This relationship was positive in only conglomerate (18.3%), building materials (5.01%), petroleum and marketing (3.8%), brewery (2.9%), food and beverages (1.09%) and automobile and tyre (0.22%) sub-sectors respectively, while it is negative in healthcare (-0.04%), industrial and domestic products (-0.11%), chemical and paints (-0.11%), printing and publishing (-0.5%), construction (-2.8%) and agriculture (-7.01%) sub-sectors respectively. Corporate governance influence on dividend payouts differed by size of firm and sectors of operation. More independent directors should be on the boards of corporate firms and the proportion of institutional shareholding should also be increased to improve monitoring. 1 results 1
- Diabetes 1 results 1
- Disability 1 results 1
- Dividend payouts 1 results 1
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