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PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF SOME AMARANTHUS ACCESSIONS AND HEPATOPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY OF THEIR ETHANOL EXTRACT ON SODIUM ARSENITE-INDUCED TOXICITY IN MALE RATS
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Agriculture & Life Systems 34 results 34
- Agriculture & Life Systems — Agriculture 34 results 34
- Gardening and Horticulture 32 results 32
- Agricultural Sciences 24 results 24
- Agriculture & Food Sciences 24 results 24
- — — — — Horticulture 24 results 24
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- "Agricultural water management system aims to provide crop water requirement to sustain optimum yield. Some of the factors influencing optimum crop yield are drainage design parameters in water logged soils. Hence, the impact of drainage design parameters on optimum crop yield was examined, field experimentation was for 12 weeks which includes land preparation, planting to maturity of Corchorus olitorius ('Ewedu') on a poorly drained sandy loam of National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan 'fadama' field. Hourly rainfall and daily minimum and maximum temperature data for 32 years (1963-1994) for Ibadan was obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Station as DRAINMOD input data. Aluminum drainage pipes at 110cm drain spacing, 60cm drain depth and effective radius of 5.08cm was installed. Depth from drain to restrictive layer was 204.3cm while drainage coefficient was 1.3cm/day. Drainage system parameters, such as grain spacing, drain depth, effective drain pipe radius were varied and effects on crop yield observed. Field evaluation was conducted at 60cm and 110cm drain depth and spacing respectively, and relative crop yield of 36.39% was attained at 40cm, 45cm, and 55cm drain depth, corresponding to 120cm, 115cm and 105cm spacing respectively when drain depth was varied with drain spacing at constant drain pipe effective radius it was concluded that if land availability is limiting and there is availability of cheap labour typical of developing countries drain depth of 55cm, and drain spacing of 105cm and drain pipe effective radius of 2.54cm (i.e 1 inch pipe) corresponds with the optimum yield of Corchorus olitorius. However, shorter drain spacing requires more drainage pipes and land reformation; hence increase in production cost. " 1 results 1
- Active ingredients 1 results 1
- Agricultural soils as habitats for beneficial soil bacteria are usually invaded by weeds, an occurrence which has detrimental effects on crops. Chemical herbicides mostly employed for weed control adversely affect soil bacteria. Previous studies have reported chemical herbicides’ effects on soil bacterial diversity suppressing microbial growth, however, information on soil types, and organic herbicides that could be an alternative is limited. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of chemical and organic herbicides on bacterial diversity in Alfisol and Inceptisol. Soils (Alfisol and Inceptisol) were collected from research farms at University of Ibadan, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, National Horticultural Research Institute, and International Institute of Tropical Agriculture. In a screen house experiment using a factorial arrangement in a completely randomised design, Atrazine and S-Metolachlor (AS-M), Isopropyl Amine (IA), and Acetic Acid (AA) herbicides were applied as pre-, post- and organic herbicides, respectively on the soils. In the field experiments, AS-M, IA and AA herbicides were also applied to the Alfisol and Inceptisol. All herbicide-treated soils were sampled at 4 and 8 weeks and bulked to determine physico-chemical parameters and herbicides persistency of the treated and untreated soils using standard methods. The effect on bacterial diversity in herbicide treated Alfisol and Inceptisol were determined by DNA extraction from the soil samples using 16S rRNA amplicons sequenced on illumina miseq. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, QIIME 2, and ANOVA at α0.05. Untreated Alfisol pH (6.20±0.12), organic carbon (3.90±0.04g/kg) and clay content (112.20±0.55g/kg) were significantly higher than Inceptisol pH (5.50±0.15), organic carbon (1.90±0.01g/kg) and clay content (103.90±0.81g/kg). At week 4, pH and organic carbon were significantly higher in Alfisol (6.30±0.21: 0.40±0.06g/kg) than Inceptisol (5.40±0.21; 0.10±0.06g/kg). Herbicides’ persistency was higher in Alfisol than Inceptisol. Intermediate products (acetamide) in AA-treated soil (Alfisol: 30.2%; Inceptisol: 25.0%) < 2-amino-3-4- dihydro-4-4-dimethyl-6-pyrimidinone (Alfisol: 48.7%; Inceptisol: 35.3%) in IA < atrazine (Alfisol: 50.9%; Inceptisol: 37.1%) in AS-M at week 4, with a similar trend Alfisol: 22.1%, Inceptisol: 19.2%; Alfisol: 42.6%, Inceptisol: 33.2%; Alfisol: 43.9%, Inceptisol: 35.1% at week 8. Alfisol had significantly higher bacteria taxa of 79% than 21% in Inceptisol. Methylomicrobium, Saccharopolyspora, Domibacillus, Blatococcus, Fuctibacillus, Limnobacter, Sneathiella, Nocardiopsis, Aquisphaera, and Stenotrophomonas were found in Alfisol and Inceptisol. However, Limnobacter and Methylomicrobium; Sneathiella and Nocardiopsis; Aquisphaera and Saccharopolyspora; were the bacterial genera that survived in AS-M, IA and AAtreated-soils, respectively. Significant effect in relative abundance of bacterial genera Chthoniobacter (Alfisol: 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.3%, 0.6%: Inceptisol: 0.3%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5%) and Pedosphaera (Alfisol: 0.6%, 0.6%, 0.5%, 0.9%, Inceptisol: 0.7%, 0.5%, 0.5%, 0.9%) were observed at week 4, Chthoniobacter (Alfisol: 0.5%, 0.4%, 0.4%, 0.6%: Inceptisol: 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%) and Pedosphaera (Alfisol: 0.6%, 0.8%, 0.5%, 0.9%, Inceptisol: 0.3%, 1.2%, 0.9%, 1.3%) at week 8 in untreated and soil treated with AS-M, IA and AA, respectively. Alpha and beta diversity indicated significant differences in the relative abundance of bacteria between Alfisol and Inceptisol. The relative abundance of bacteria diversity in Alfisol and Inceptisol were reduced by chemicals but increased by organic herbicides 1 results 1
- Alfisol and Inceptisol 1 results 1
- Amaranth is an underutilised crop with great potential as a source of essential nutrients. It also contains bioactive compounds with potential health benefits. However, its characterisation for agronomic and nutritional traits is limited. Likewise, information on its hepatoprotective potential is scarce. In this study Amaranthus accessions were characterised using phenotypic and molecular markers. The quality of its seed protein and hepatoprotective activity of its Ethanol Seed Extract (ESE) on sodium arsenite (NaAS)-induced toxicity in male rats were also investigated. Twenty-nine accessions (27 from the United States Agricultural Research Station and 2 from National Horticultural Research Institute, Ibadan) were characterised using 27 phenotypic traits and 16 Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers. Protein quality was assessed using Kjedahl method, amino acid analyzer and one-dimensional electrophoresis. The ESE of all accessions were analysed for phytochemical contents and antioxidant activities. Two out of the 29 accessions with the highest nutritional contents were used for hepatoprotective study. Experimental design consisted of two main groups (representing the two accessions), each consisting of eight treatment groups of 5 rats each. Treatment groups comprised of control, NaAS (2.5mg/kg body weight), amaranth seed extracts (100, 200, 300 mg/kg body weight) and NaAS plus amaranth seed extracts (100, 200, 300 mg/kg). After 14 days of treatment, serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) activities were assayed spectrophotometrically. Hepatic Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) activities were assayed likewise. Data were analysed using ANOVA and Cluster at p=0.05. For phenotypic traits, 57.5% variability was observed and accessions were grouped into five clusters. The RAPD analysis yielded 193 loci. Genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.6 to 0.9 while dendogram grouped accessions into nine clusters. Total protein contents ranged from 11.8 to 19.0%. Total essential amino acids ranged from 31.2 to 44.9% and were limited in tryptophan and leucine. Albumin, globulin and glutelin were the major protein fractions. Phytate, total flavonoid, total polyphenol, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total antioxidant and 2, 2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenz-thiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) values ranged from 0.8-1.9%; 7.8-11.0mg/100g; 23.9-35.4mg/100g; 82.8-95.4%; 111.3-271.6%; 157.6-208.8mM Trolox Equivalent (TE), respectively. Accessions A23 (Amaranthus hypochondriacus, AHC) and A28 (Amaranthus hybridus, AHB) had higher protein and phytochemical contents than the other accessions. The activities of ALT (16.7±1.0U/L) and GGT (3.5±0.9U/L) in NaAS-treated group were significantly higher than control (ALT - 9.4±1.3U/L, GGT - 1.7±0.7U/L) and lower in groups treated with AHC plus NaAS (100mg/kg - 14.1±0.8U/L, 3.2±0.6U/L), (200mg/kg - 12.6±0.3U/L, 2.6±1.1U/L) and (300mg/kg - 9.2±0.2U/L, 1.7±0.7U/L). Activities of ALT and GGT were also lower in AHB plus NaAS treated groups (100mg/kg - 12.5±1.4U/L, 2.9±0.7U/L), (200mg/kg - 11.8±0.8U/L, 2.3±0.9U/L), and (300mg/kg - 8.6±2.7U/L, 1.8±0.6U/L) when compared with NaAS-treated group. Hepatic SOD, Catalase and GPx activities were significantly lower in NaAS-treated group when compared with control and groups administered different doses of the amaranth extracts. Amaranth accessions A23 (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) and A28 (Amaranthus hybridus) contained a good balance of essential amino acids and the ethanol extract showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity. The diverse clusters can be used as parents in hybridization programmes. 1 results 1
- Amaranthus 1 results 1
- Aquaculture is a multiculture of plants and animals in an aquatic environment. Thereby aquaculture is enriched through integration of formerly existing cultivation of crops cum horticultural, and /or agronomical or domesticated animals such as piggery, poultry, rabbitery or even wild domesticated animals such as guinea fowls, and cane rats. Hence, this study investigated integrated aquaculture cum horticulture as a possible tool for sustainable food production in order to ensure food security in Nigeria and alleviate poverty. The study utilized four homestead concrete tanks located at the back of my house in University of Ibadan senior staff quarters. Catfish bloodstock’s males and females were used to raise fry through fingerlings to juveniles to adult fish. Data were taken at each stage of the fish life cycle i.e. the products harvested and sales. Data on numbers of horticultural trees planted were taken and numbers of produce at harvest were recorded. These data were collated and analyzed yearly and at the end of the 10- year period. The result showed that diversification in integrated aquaculture ensures better environmental and on farm resource management which is much needed globally but much more in the developing countries for food security and poverty alleviation. At each point in time, there is one product or the other available for consumption or for sale which ensured better cash flow. During the dry season the drought was ameliorated by the availability of water for wetting the crops and incorporation of vegetables growing into the system. Horticulture cum fish farming integrated system has been adjudged recently to be a solution to drought, poor soil condition management; climate change along with unsustainable water management and farming practices. This study showed that this system is more natural and sustains better food production practice. It is capable of bringing food production closer to urban consumers who do not have access for extensive farm land and reduces the transport cost in retail food marketing. 1 results 1
- Biocontrol powder Phule Trichoderma has been successfully used on a number of horticultural crops. The present investigation was carried out to explore the nematicidal properties of Phule Trichoderma against the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) infesting the tissue culture banana (Dwarf Cavendish - var. Basarai). In vitro tests slowed that the various concentrations of Phule Trichoderma prevented nematode egg hatching and also resulted in 100% mortality of nematode juveniles. Tissue culture banana plants were also dipped into various concentrations of Phule Trichoderma before planting out into plastic bags. Plant were inoculated with 250 nematode juveniles and alter ten days, the roots were stained with cotton blue lactophenol and nematodes were counted under a dissecting microscope. The results indicated that the higher the concentration of Phule Trichoderma in banana plants, the lower the ability of the nematode to penetrate the roots. Furthermore, the nematode juveniles that penetrated the treated roots were found dead. This could have resulted from the toxic metabolites produced front Phule Trichoderma. Also, root zone treatment of plants treated with Phule Trichoderma prevented the development of giant cells and roots knots in treated plants while the development of giant cells and root knots were observed in untreated plants exposed to nematode infestation. 1 results 1
- Biological and production efficiencies 1 results 1
- Chemical and organic herbicides 1 results 1
- Composting intervals 1 results 1
- DRAINMOD 1 results 1
- Development programme 1 results 1
- Drainage design, 1 results 1
- Entrepreneurship 1 results 1
- Fadama soils, 1 results 1
- Food security 1 results 1
- Graduate 1 results 1
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- Folia Horticulturae 26 results 26
- Journal of Horticultural Research 22 results 22
- Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 10 results 10
- Sibbaldia: the International Journal of Botanic Garden Horticulture 6 results 6
- European Journal of Business and Management 1 results 1
- MycoKeys 1 results 1
- Population and Economics 1 results 1
- Rural Sustainability Research 1 results 1
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