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Ontwikkeling van instrumentasie vir omvattende tweedimensionele gaschromatografie by Snyman, Tertia
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Adolescent sexuality constitutes one of the most unattended aspects of young people's development in Nigeria. Consequently, reproductive health mishaps such as sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancies, abortion, maternal morbidity and mortality are common features among different categories of women. This study which anchored on Social Action and Rational Choice Theories investigated sexuality education among out-school female adolescent house-helps in Ibadan as a way of understanding the culture of silence that characterises young people's sexual orientation. Data were collected through 1020 questionnaires administered on employers of house-helps selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. Indepth Interviews were conducted among 27 respondents - 21 house-helps and 6 house-help employers. In addition, 2 case studies were undertaken among househelps. Findings reveal that although a large majority of adolescents do not receive sex education from parents and guardians, house-helps are disproportionately more disadvantaged. Some house-helps are given sexuality education not primarily for their personal benefit but as a means to indirectly educate guardians' biological children since these employers' comfort levels are low to personally do that. Prioritising sexuality education among adolescents and house-helps in particular can go a long way in demystifying unnecessary insensitivity that pervades sexuality discourses among Nigerian youths. 1 results 1
- Adolescent sexuality constitutes one of the most unattended aspects of young people’s development in Nigeria. Consequently, reproductive health mishaps such as sexually transmitted infections, unplanned pregnancies, abortion, maternal morbidity and mortality are common features among different categories of women. This study which anchored on Social Action and Rational Choice Theories investigated sexuality education among out-school female adolescent house-helps in Ibadan as a way of understanding the culture of silence that characterises young people’s sexual orientation. Data were collected through 1020 questionnaires administered on employers of house-helps selected through a multi-stage sampling technique. In- depth Interviews were conducted among 27 respondents - 21 house-helps and 6 house-help employers. In addition, 2 case studies were undertaken among house- helps. Findings reveal that although a large majority of adolescents do not receive sex education from parents and guardians, house-helps are disproportionately more disadvantaged. Some house-helps are given sexuality education not primarily for their personal benefit but as a means to indirectly educate guardians’ biological children Since these employers’ comfort levels are low to personally do that. Prioritising sexuality education among adolescents and house-helps in particular can go a long way in demystifying unnecessary insensitivity that pervades sexuality discourses among Nigerian youths. 1 results 1
- Cholera knowledge 1 results 1
- Cholera outbreak 1 results 1
- Cholera outbreaks have profound impacts on the health and well-being of communities. Rapid containment of outbreaks largely depend on people’s knowledge, perceptions and attitude to the disease. Studies have shown an increase of outbreaks in developing countries. Ibadan Northwest (IBNW) Local Government Area (LGA) experienced recurrent cholera outbreaks between June and November 2011 in spite of cholera control programmes in Oyo state. Furthermore several studies have been done on perception of emerging disease outbreak but few on cholera outbreaks. Information on knowledge, perception, attitude to cholera outbreaks are important for planning preventive health educational programmes and this study was conducted to assess knowledge, perception and attitude to cholera outbreak among residents of IBNW LGA. The cross-sectional design used a four-stage sampling technique to select 7 inner core, 4 transitory and 4 peripheral communities out of 28,15 and 17 communities respectively. Household from each community was selected based on sample size proportionate to size and 427 respondents from IBNW LGA. Respondents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire which included questions on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, perceived vulnerability (likelihood of being infected by a disease), perceived severity and attitude to cholera outbreak. Knowledge was scored on a 19-point (score of ≤10 rated poor), perceived vulnerability on 15-point (scores of ≤7 rated low) while perceived severity was scored on 25-point (≤12 rated low) scales. A 24-point scale was used to score attitude to cholera outbreak (score of ≤ 12 rated negative). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and logistic regression at p= 0.05. Respondents’ age was 35.0±11.4 years, 70.7% were females, 69.1% were married and 93.4% were Yoruba. Most (95.3%) of the respondents had good knowledge of cholera. About 71.4% respondents knew the cause of cholera and most (97.2%) knew diarrhoea and (96.3%) vomiting as clinical symptoms of cholera. Many (69.8%) ate food prepared outside the house. The commonest source of information during an outbreak was the radio (38.6%). Majority respondents (62.3%) perceived their vulnerability to cholera to be low while 98.1% perceived severity of cholera to be high. Significantly, more respondents residing in the inner core communities perceived themselves vulnerable to cholera (OR=23.7: CI 9.64-58.31). Majority (71.2%) of the respondents had positive attitude in the mitigating efforts during a cholera outbreak. Respondents aged 18 to 30 years were more likely to have positive attitude in the mitigating efforts during a cholera outbreak (OR=3.24: CI 1.30-8.09). Many (82.4%) had never reported cases while 69.3% were willing to report cases .About 70.0% reported they would submit to being investigated during an outbreak. Respondents’ good knowledge of cholera, high perception of its severity and positive attitude in the mitigating efforts during an outbreak offered windows of opportunity in the control of cholera outbreak. However specific risks communication should be aimed at improving hygiene practices and focus on perceived vulnerability. 1 results 1
- Cholera severity 1 results 1
- Cholera vulnerability 1 results 1
- Digitalisation of newspaper publishing, that is, the application of new digital tools (NDTs) across newspaper departments, is a global practice meant to facilitate speed and efficiency in publishing. Studies on digitalisation have focused on its outcomes such as speed and efficiency but have neglected the correlation between it and employees� job motivation, job performance and gender. This neglect needs to be addressed given the proclivity of an unmotivated workforce to resort to unethical practices and industrial rancour. This study therefore, investigated the application of NDTs in newspaper publishing in Nigeria to determine its correlation with employees� job motivation and job performance and gender. The Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) which explains reasons for the adoption and use of technology, the Marxist Theory of Alienation (MTA) which explains the effect of technology use on job motivation and job performance, and Hygiene Factors and Motivators theory which explains factors of motivation, served as the theoretical guide. Survey method was adopted. Through a questionnaire, data were collected from 2,669 respondents selected from all the departments of newspaper workforce in 12 national general-interest newspapers. Selection of respondents was through stratified and quota sampling techniques. Interviews were conducted with 12 senior staff of the newspaper houses. A rating scale of 0�4 was developed to measure the level of digitalisation, job motivation and job performance in the selected newspaper departments and organisations. The data were analysed with descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Interview data were analysed through emerging themes technique. The IT department was the most digitalised (3.55 out of a maximum of 4); followed by Production and Editorial (3.51); Servicing departments (3.50); and Circulation (3.49). Newspaper workers used NDTs significantly in their job activities (?�=61.56; p<.05). Job performance was high (?�= 1097.08; p<.05) but job motivation was low. Digitalisation level did not correlate significantly with job motivation. This Day had the highest level of digitalisation (3.92) but not the highest level of job motivation (2.75); The Champion had the lowest level of digitalisation (1.53) but not the lowest level of motivation. The Punch and The Nation had the highest level of job motivation but not the highest level of digitalisation. Digitalisation correlated significantly with job performance (R= 0.76).There was no significant correlation between employees� gender and NDTs use. Gender and job motivation did not correlate significantly. Job motivation and job performance did not also correlate significantly. Although interviewees used NDTs as much as they wanted at work, they expressed frustration, dissatisfaction and anger with reference to their job, yet described their job performance as high. Digitalisation is high among Nigerian newspaper workers and it positively influences job performance. Job performance is also high among the workers despite low job motivation among them. This agrees with MTA�s postulation that sophisticated technology, without adequate motivation, is capable of alienating workers by turning them into near-robots that do the work they are not enjoying. Newspaper owners should address ways of increasing job motivation beyond digitalisation. 1 results 1
- Digitalised publishing 1 results 1
- Job motivation 1 results 1
- Job performance 1 results 1
- Nigerian national newspapers 1 results 1
- Nigerian newspaper workers 1 results 1
- Respondent attitude 1 results 1
- The studies were designed to collect baseline information to form essential data base for effective planning and subsequent evaluation of guineaworm control programme in Oyo State. In order to establish the epidemiology of dracunculiasis and assess the impact of the disease on the economic life of the affected population, pretested questionnaire data sheets were administered to 2,415 individuals and 257 heads of household in eight different villages in Oyo State. The data analysis was done by using analysis of variance and coefficient of determination and multiple range tests, using the IBM computer, utilizing the SPSSH package. The survey of concurrent parasitic diseases was carried out in one village by examining faecal and blood samples of 287 individuals. The antibiogram and profile of bacteria associated with secondary infection was determined. Simple methods of chemical, biological and physical control of guineaworm vector under laboratory conditions were described. Of 2,415 individuals examined in eight villages of Oyo State in 1988, 76.9 per cent had history of dracunculiasis while the infection rate at the time of study was 47.9 per cent. There was no significant difference in the infection rate between the sexes. However, the risk of infection increased with age. Infection occurs at any age above 1 year and reinfection is common, indicating that on clinical grounds, no protective immunity is developed after infection. There was a general awareness by individuals that they were infected before the formation of the guineaworm bleb. Mean percentage of 18.9 ± 1 had the sympoms in 1 day. The sites of guineaworm emergence differ significantly for each victim (P < 0.05), and no anatomical part of the body was apparently exempted with regard to worm emergence. Majority of the affected people (a mean per cent of 54 ± 6.7) became clinically ill in the dry season; and also a mean per cent of 54.3 ± 2.3 suffered severe infection. 5 - 8 weeks was the most frequently occuring period of incapacitation. 54.5% of the victims had no form of assistance on the farm during the period of incapacitation. Majority of the heads of household held various wrong beliefs of causes and prevention of the diesease. 82 ± 3.6 per cent attributed the cause of guineaworm to the act of God and that there was no remedy for it. Only 6.53 per cent treated the drinking water before consumption. The disease has an adverse impact on agriculture, while an average of 20 - 41 per cent of the pupils were absent from school with attendant poor academic performances. Of 487 samples examined for concurrent parasitic disease 278 (57.1 per cent) were infected with one parasitic disease or the other: Ascariasis (43.7%), hook-worm disease (27.1%), strongyloidiasis (2.5%), trichuriasis (31%), Entamoeba histolvtical infection (3.9%) and plasmodiasis (43.7%). The haematocrit value of the individuals in the community was generally low (26 - 30%) whilst eosinophilia was a common feature. The health implication was discussed. Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were common bacterial agents isolated from guinea worm ulcers. The phage types of Staph, aureus (the commonest agents) isolated were resistant to both penicilline and tetracycline. The epidemiological importance of the various phage types was discussed. The ecology of the environment where the copepod intermediate hosts breed and transmit racunculiasis was described and discussed. Cyclopoid copepods died within 60 minutes when the ironment was manipulated to 24.6mg/l. oxidizable organic matter concentration from the natural average value of 12.5mg/l. It was shown that cyclopoid copepods became inactive at 4 - 6°C in 4 hours and later regained activity in 15 minutes at room temperature. The study showed that ponds in a study area had the highest density of cylops in November/December (1988) and lowest density in July/August (1988) with natural cyclops infection rate of 6.5% at the peak of transmission. It was also shown that the concentration of cyclops was greatest when water was drawn at the time the pond water was still and undisturbed, especially with the first caller at the pond, with attendant higher risk of infection. The study also revealed that population mobility occasioned by marriage, socio-cultural and economic life of the people contributed to the diffusion and control of the disease. A variety of chemicals found in natrual waters, or used in the treatment of water were added to pond water and their effects on the survival of the cyclopoid copepods were assessed. The possible use of such chemicals as calcium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, lime, etc., in individual houses as a preventive measure against the transmission of the disease was discussed. Furthermore, the study revealed that indigenous fishes like Hemicromis fasciatus. Barbus occidentalis. Tilapia nilotica and T. galilea; were very useful biological control agents of the vector of Dracunculus. It is believed that provision of safe drinking water and good health education with active case search to monitor the intervention programme will reduce the disease prevalence. 1 results 1
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