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INTERDEPENDENCE OF INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND MIGRATION IN A GLOBALISING ECONOMY: THE EVIDENCE FROM NIGERIA
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KNOWLEDGE AND USE OF ORAL REHYDRATION THERAPY AMONG MOTHERS OF UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN ODOGBO ARMY BARRACKS, IBADAN, NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Awareness 3 results 3
- Cowpea radio-sensitivity 2 results 2
- Gamma irradiated cowpea seed 2 results 2
- Mutant phenotypes 2 results 2
- Pollen mutagenesis 2 results 2
- Southwestern Nigeria 2 results 2
- Ultra-violet irradiated pollen 2 results 2
- " The Aluminium Smelting Company, located in Ikot Abasi area, lies within the dominantly clastic rocks of the Benin Formation of the eastern Niger Delta. In order to evaluate the level of environmental contamination associated with this major industrial project, concentrations of trace elements and major elements in representative samples of soil, stream sediments and water in the vicinity of the industrial complex were determined by ICP-OES (for soil and stream sediments) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (for water). Samples from a control site, about 3km from the complex were also collected and analyzed for the same set of elements, Results revealed that concentrations of all the elements in the sampled materials were within background levels in comparison with those from the control site. The trace and major element variations show some slight decreasing concentration with increase distance from the factory site for mostly Pb, Zn Cu, Ni for the trace elements and Ca for the major element. There is no significant variation in the soil profile with depth for the elements. Generally, concentration of elements is in the order: Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu and Fe>Al>Ca>Mg>Na>K for the trace and major elements respectively. Computation of geo-accumulation index for the soils revealed no secondary enrichment. Application of R-mode factor analysis shows four groupings, reflecting lithological and environmental controls. The stream sediments show generally low concentrations that fall within the concentration range of sediments of similar provenance elsewhere. Metal concentration levels in the water show higher values for the surface water. Both hydrophysical and chemical parameters have slight elevated values when compared with the control and reflect a dominant geogenic source. Generally, they lie within the ambits of the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards of water quality and pose no threat to aquatic or human community. " 1 results 1
- "The movement of contaminated fluid from a solid waste landfill into a portable water aquifer located beneath is an example of unwanted underground flow with the problem of limited portion of land available for building construction in the cities, coupled with the rise in price of good and accessible land, there is a need for quick and urgent solutions to environmental pollution that may be resulted from this problem. In this research, a laboratory setup consisting of a big transparent cylindrical pipe 108 5cm long with radius 2 23cm was used as inlet pipe and five small equal transparent cylindrical pipes with radii 0.03cm were used as outlets, which were joined to the circular plastic plate on the top of the inlet pipe at different angles ranged from 0° to 90° from a normal point. The inlet pipe and outlets pipes were filled with samples of soil of different porosities and titled at different angles of inclination. The volume of water discharged was measured directly with measuring cylinder from the set-up in each case. The volumetric flow rate and volume flux were computed from the values of volume discharged. These were done in order to determine how the arrangement of porous material of different porosities with a particular angle of inclination can influence the deflection of fluid flow from its linear direction. This is sequel to its practical applications in designing a construction with a cross-section of soils in deflecting contaminated fluid from septic tank to different directions from the source of water within the same small portion of land. It was observed that angle of inclination does not have a significant effect on the deflection of fluid but volume flux increases with increasing angle of inclination. Also, the greater the difference in the porosity of the cross-section of the media in which the fluid is flowing the greater the volume flux However, the most suitable arrangement of cross-section of soils for deflection of fluid at higher angle from normal is when it flows through a medium of low porosity to that of higher porosity. " 1 results 1
- "The movement of contaminated fluid from a solid waste landfill into a portable water aquifer located beneath is an example of unwanted underground flow. With the problem of limited portion of land available for building construction in the cities, coupled with the rise in price of good and accessible land, there is a need for quick and urgent solutions to environmental pollution that may be resulted from this problem. In this research, a laboratory setup consisting of a big transparent cylindrical pipe 108.5cm long with radius 2.23cm was used as inlet pipe and five small equal transparent cylindrical pipes with radii 0.03cm were used as outlets, which were joined to the circular plastic plate on the top of the inlet pipe at different angles ranged from 00 to 900 from a normal point. The inlet pipe and outlets pipes were filled with samples of soil of different porosities and titled at different angles of inclination. The volume of water discharged was measured directly with measuring cylinder from the set-up in each case. The volumetric flow rate and volume flux were computed from the values of volume discharged. These were done in order to determine how the arrangement of porous material of different porosities with a particular angle of inclination can influence the deflection of fluid flow from its linear direction. This is sequel to its practical applications in designing a construction with a cross-section of soils in deflecting contaminated fluid from septic tank to different directions from the source of water within the same small portion of land. It was observed that angle of inclination does not have a significant effect on the deflection of fluid but volume flux increases with increasing angle of inclination. Also, the greater the difference in the porosity of the cross-section of the media in which the fluid is flowing the greater the volume flux. However, the most suitable arrangement of cross-section of soils for deflection of fluid at higher angle from normal is when it flows through a medium of low porosity to that of higher porosity. " 1 results 1
- Aim: A survey was set out to evaluate the knowledge of patients about tooth replacement as a whole, and assess their awareness of implant-retained prosthesis as an option of tooth replacement. Materials and Methods: Information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about implant-retained tooth as an option for missing tooth replacement, cost implication, source of information and knowledge about other options of tooth replacement were obtained from patients attending the dental clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, using structured self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 220 patients aged 18-84 years with a mean age of 37.6 (±16.5) years participated in the study, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The majority (92.5%) knew that missing teeth can be replaced, while a significantly lower proportion (28.9%) knew about dental implants as an option (P < 0.01). Dentists were the major source of information on dental implants (68%). Only 21 (36.8%) of those who had heard about dental implant had knowledge about the cost (P < 0.000). Conclusion: A low level of awareness about dental implant as tooth replacement option exist in this environment, although most of the study participants were aware that missing teeth can be replaced 1 results 1
- Aim: A survey was set out to evaluate the knowledge of patients about tooth replacement as a whole, and assess their awareness of implant‑retained prosthesis as an option of tooth replacement. Materials and Methods: Information on sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about implant‑retained tooth as an option for missing tooth replacement, cost implication, source of information and knowledge about other options of tooth replacement were obtained from patients attending the dental clinics of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, using structured self‑administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result: A total of 220 patients aged 18-84 years with a mean age of 37.6 (±16.5) years participated in the study, with a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. The majority (92.5%) knew that missing teeth can be replaced, while a significantly lower proportion (28.9%) knew about dental implants as an option (P < 0.01). Dentists were the major source of information on dental implants (68%). Only 21 (36.8%) of those who had heard about dental implant had knowledge about the cost (P < 0.000). Conclusion: A low level of awareness about dental implant as tooth replacement option exist in this environment, although most of the study participants were aware that missing teeth can be replaced 1 results 1
- Alcohol 1 results 1
- Alcohol and drug problems are pervasive throughout the world and constitute major disruptive conditions to people's social and family lives. This study examined the comorbidity of substance use and psychiatric problems among patients in a psychiatric setting. The central hypotheses in this study are that substance abuse impairs one's moral-ethical self which in turn leads to a cicious circle of behaviours, especially the generation of irrational beliefs: Confirming the hypothesis that the emergence of a psychiatric condition through alcohol and drugs is a product of irrational thoughts and beliefs, the study established a significant negative correlation between moral-ethical self and irrational beliefs (r = -335; P <.05). It was also confirmed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) that there is a significant main effect of impaired moral-ethical self on generation of irrational beliefs. (F{1,42) = 6.10; <.05), Main effect of unimpaired moral-ethical self was not significant. Also, a t-test for independent samples show a statistically significant difference between high moral-ethical patients and low moral-ethical patients (t = -,199, df (44), p<.05). Participants with low moral-ethical self relapse more into bouts of irrational beliefs than a comparative group. The results were discussed in relation to past findings and health policy to reduce substance related psychiatric problems among people 1 results 1
- Background: Cervical cancer, though preventable, remains the leading cause of cancer death among women in developing countries after breast. Lack of awareness and access to preventive methods remains a key factor contributing to high levels of cervical cancer in these populations. Objectives: The study aimed to assess the level of awareness of, and perception of risk for, cervical cancer among women attending Bowen University Teaching Hospital (BUTH) general outpatient clinic. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the BUTH, Ogbomoso. Data were obtained from 318 consenting women using systematic random sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather information about their sociodemographic characteristics, marital and reproductive history, and awareness and perception of risk for cervical cancer. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23.0. The level of statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: Awareness for cervical cancer and its screening tests were 22.6% and 17.9%, respectively, with major sources of information being from health talks and hospital staffs. About 5.7% believed that they may be at risk whereas only 1.6% had ever 2 = 10.46,2 = 20.05, P = 0.005) and early coitarche (been screened. Perception of risk is significantly associated with age ( P = 0.015). Overall, respondents’ attitude was positive to cervical cancer screening. Conclusion: The level of awareness of cervical cancer and screening was low among the respondents. Increased media campaign about its risks and preventive measures is urgently needed. 1 results 1
- Background: Insufficient physical activity (PA) is a growing public health challenge among Nigerian adolescents. Significant information gap exists on the school-related factors which influence the participation of adolescents in school-based physical activity programmes in Nigeria. This study was conducted to document the qualitative views of school principals and teachers on the barriers and opportunities for promoting the physical activity behaviours of adolescents within the school settings in light of the socio-ecological model. Methods: This was a qualitative study conducted in 12 public and private schools in two local government areas of Oyo state, Nigeria. Two key sources and data collection methods (i.e key informant interviews and focus group discussions) were used. Six key informant interviews were held with school principals and six focus group discussions with classroom teachers using pre-tested guides. Data was analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Fourteen sub-themes were identified as barriers to PA and linked to different levels of the socio-ecological model. Three themes were categorised as parental factors, three themes as socio-cultural and religious factors while the school-related factors had eight sub-themes. Specifically, the school-related barriers were the declining numberof trained physical health education teachers, limited opportunities for continuing education and low prioritisation of physical health education. Other school-related factors such as increasing demand for classroom academic time, negative attitudinal dispositions of other teachers and inadequate funding for schools which hampered the provision of facilities and equipment were identified as factors that limit the effective implementation of policies and programmes for physical activity in schools. Opportunities to promote PA within the school settings during assemblies, breaktime, after-school and inter-house sports competition exist. However, these opportunities are hampered by competing academic time, security threats, fear of causalities to students due to poor supervision after school, poor funding and brawling associated with competitive school-based sporting events. Conclusions: Factors that contribute to insufficient physical activity among in-school adolescents in the school settings are multi-factorial. Implementation of holistic, multi-component interventions which address the social-cultural and school-level factors and enhance students’ opportunities for physical activity in schools are recommended. 1 results 1
- Behaviour 1 results 1
- COVID-19 1 results 1
- Cervical cancer 1 results 1
- Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, is an important human and livestock protein source in Nigeria, but its production is constrained by ravages of pests and climate change. Conventional breeding efforts used to fortify it against these constraints had resulted into its narrow genetic base. In order to overcome this challenge, other mutation procedures such as physical and chemical mutagens could be used. Nevertheless, information on gamma and ultra-violet (UV) irradiated cowpea seeds and pollen has not been adequately documented. Therefore, genetic analysis of cowpea mutants from gamma and UV irradiated seeds and pollen, respectively was investigated. Cowpea accessions seeds: IB, IB-Y1, IB-CR and IB-BPC from the University of Ibadan and IT86D-719, IT86D-1010, IT89KD-347-57 and IT90K-284-2 from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were irradiated at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy doses at the rate of 202 Gy/min using 60Co gamma. Pollen were irradiated for 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes at 30,000µWs/cm2 UV prior to hand self-pollination using standard procedures. Radio-sensitivity of irradiated accessions were determined using seed germination (SG), seedling survival (SV), lethal dosage 50% (LD50) for SG and SV, primary leaf area (PLA) and seed set (SS) at M1 and M2 generations. The M1 of gamma irradiation (GI) and M2 of UV irradiation (UVI) treatments were advanced to M2GI and M3UV for phenotyping on field and their genetic stability confirmed at M3GI and M4UV, respectively. Genetic diversity of all mutants was determined using microsatellites. Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase primers were used for sequence analysis and classification of the mutants. Inheritance pattern was evaluated at M5 of gamma induced mutants (GIM) for erect-tall (ER), yellow flush (YF), four-primary leaf (FP), crinkled leaf, lettuce leaf (LL), twisted-pale leaf (TP) and burnt leaf (BL) traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at α0.05. The M1 generation of IT90K-284-2 had 74.0% SG, while each of IB, IB-Y-1, IB-CR and IB-BPC had 20.0% SG at 500 Gy of GI. The IB, IB-Y-1, IB-CR and IB-BPC had 0.0% SV each, while 50.0% was observed in IT86D-1010 and IT90K-284-2 at 400 and 500 Gy, respectively. The LD50 for SG and SV were lowest (326 and 149 Gy, respectively) in IB-Y-1 and highest (1053 and 620 Gy, respectively) in IT90K-284-2. The PLA of M1 ranged from 2.17±0.26cm2 to 5.98±0.85cm2. Low GI (100 Gy) and UVI (60min) increased SS of M1 plants. Mutant phenotypes and frequencies varied across the cowpea accessions and did not correspond to GI treatments. Ten GIM were stable at M3, whereas all UV induced mutants reverted to normal at M4. Polymorphic information content (0.51) obtained from microsatellites showed wide genetic diversity among the mutants and parental lines. The main mutant classes were insertion-deletions and point mutations. Inheritance of ER, TP, YF, FP and BN followed monogenic recessive pattern. Genetic interaction of crinkled and TP in homozygous recessive (crl crl tp tp) conditioned LL phenotype. Radio-sensitivity of cowpea to gamma irradiation varied among the accessions. Ultra-violet radiation was less potent for cowpea pollen mutagenesis and might not be effective for mutation breeding. 1 results 1
- Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, is an important human and livestock protein source in Nigeria, but its production is constrained by ravages of pests and climate change. Conventional breeding efforts used to fortify it against these constraints had resulted into its narrow genetic base. In order to overcome this challenge, other mutation procedures such as physical and chemical mutagens could be used. Nevertheless, information on gamma and ultra-violet (UV) irradiated cowpea seeds and pollen has not been adequately documented. Therefore, genetic analysis of cowpea mutants from gamma and UV irradiated seeds and pollen, respectively was investigated. Cowpea accessions seeds: IB, IB-Y1, IB-CR and IB-BPC from the University of Ibadan and IT86D-719, IT86D-1010, IT89KD-347-57 and IT90K-284-2 from International Institute of Tropical Agriculture were irradiated at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 Gy doses at the rate of 202 Gy/min using 60Co gamma. Pollen were irradiated for 60, 120, 180, 240, 300 and 360 minutes at 30,000μWs/cm2 UV prior to hand self-pollination using standard procedures. Radio-sensitivity of irradiated accessions were determined using seed germination (SG), seedling survival (SV), lethal dosage 50% (LD50) for SG and SV, primary leaf area (PLA) and seed set (SS) at M1 and M2 generations. The M1 of gamma irradiation (GI) and M2 of UV irradiation (UVI) treatments were advanced to M2GI and M3UV for phenotyping on field and their genetic stability confirmed at M3GI and M4UV, respectively. Genetic diversity of all mutants was determined using microsatellites. Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase primers were used for sequence analysis and classification of the mutants. Inheritance pattern was evaluated at M5 of gamma induced mutants (GIM) for erect-tall (ER), yellow flush (YF), four-primary leaf (FP), crinkled leaf, lettuce leaf (LL), twisted-pale leaf (TP) and burnt leaf (BL) traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square at α0.05. The M1 generation of IT90K-284-2 had 74.0% SG, while each of IB, IB-Y-1, IB-CR and IB-BPC had 20.0% SG at 500 Gy of GI. The IB, IB-Y-1, IB-CR and IB-BPC had UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY iii 0.0% SV each, while 50.0% was observed in IT86D-1010 and IT90K-284-2 at 400 and 500 Gy, respectively. The LD50 for SG and SV were lowest (326 and 149 Gy, respectively) in IB-Y-1 and highest (1053 and 620 Gy, respectively) in IT90K-284-2. The PLA of M1 ranged from 2.17±0.26cm2 to 5.98±0.85cm2. Low GI (100 Gy) and UVI (60min) increased SS of M1 plants. Mutant phenotypes and frequencies varied across the cowpea accessions and did not correspond to GI treatments. Ten GIM were stable at M3, whereas all UV induced mutants reverted to normal at M4. Polymorphic information content (0.51) obtained from microsatellites showed wide genetic diversity among the mutants and parental lines. The main mutant classes were insertion-deletions and point mutations. Inheritance of ER, TP, YF, FP and BN followed monogenic recessive pattern. Genetic interaction of crinkled and TP in homozygous recessive (crl crl tp tp) conditioned LL phenotype. Radio-sensitivity of cowpea to gamma irradiation varied among the accessions. Ultra-violet radiation was less potent for cowpea pollen mutagenesis and might not be effective for mutation breeding. Keywords: Cowpea radio-sensitivity, Gamma irradiated cowpea seed, Ultra-violet irradiated pollen, Mutant phenotypes, Pollen mutagenesis. Word count: 499 1 results 1
- Credit access 1 results 1
- Custodial patients 1 results 1
- Demand for Tourism 1 results 1
- Dental implant 1 results 1
- Diarrhoeal diseases 1 results 1
- Diarrhoeal diseases constitute a major cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children in Nigeria. The knowledge and use of home therapies to manage diarrhoea using Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) with special reference to Sugar-Salt-Solution (SSS) are on the decline in recent times. However, knowledge and self-efficacy of nursing mothers in Nigerian army barracks relating to the use of ORT have not been fully studied. The study was designed to assess the knowledge of diarrhoea and ORT and identify diarrhoea management practices involving use of SSS among mothers of under-five children in Odogbo army barracks, Ibadan. A two-stage random sampling technique was used to select 403 mothers in Odogbo army barracks. A validated semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire included an 18-point diarrhoea knowledge scale and an 11-point ORT/SSS knowledge scale. Diarrhea knowledge scores of 0-8, 9-13 and 14-18 were rated as poor, fair and good while the ORT/SSS knowledge scores of 0-4, 5-7 and 8-11 were considered poor, fair and good respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chisquare with level of significance set at 0.05. The mean age of respondents was 29.8 ± 5.5 years, most (99.3%) were married and 63.0% were Christians. The occupations of respondents included petty-trading (43.0%), full-time “housewives” (35.7%) and artisans (12.9%). Most respondents (98.0%) were aware of ORT, 95.0% correctly stated the composition of SSS and 43.9% were able to state the correct proportions of sugar, salt, and water in SSS. Respondents‟ sources of information about ORT included health personnel (78.7%), relatives (11.4%) and television (6.0%). The listed causes of diarrhoea included teething (51.7%) and dirty environment (29.0%). Diarrhoea was perceived by 46.0% to be a serious health condition. Respondents‟ mean knowledge score on diarrhoea was 13.3 ± 2.4 while the mean knowledge score on ORT/SSS was 7.6 ± 1.8. The mean knowledge score on diarrhoea among mothers aged < 25 years was 12.3 ± 2.8 while the mean score among those aged ≥ 25 years was 13.5 ± 2.3 with no significant difference. Mean knowledge score on ORT/SSS among mothers aged <25years was 6.9 ± 2.3 while the mean score among those aged ≥25years was 7.7 ± 1.6 with no significant difference. Majority (79.9%) of respondents reported that, children had diarrhoea within the three months preceding the study and home treatment given included use of ORT (49.5%), other orthodox medicines (22.6%) and native medicine (3.7%). Seventy percent of respondents stated that they could prepare SSS, but 72.7% preferred taking children with diarrhoea to the hospital instead of using SSS. Forty-nine percent of the respondents were of the view that cleanliness of the environment was one of the preventive measures against childhood diarrhoea. Knowledge about diarrhoea diseases and oral rehydration therapy was high among respondents, but their use of oral rehydration was low. Training, public enlightenment and social marketing strategies are needed to promote the use of oral rehydration therapy among nursing mothers 1 results 1
- Drugs 1 results 1
- Egbeda Local Government Area 1 results 1
- Emigration 1 results 1
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