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Multi-dimensional poverty estimates for fishing households in the south-western zone of Nigeria
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Social Cohesion: Its Meaning and Complexities
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Coastal Nigeria 1 results 1
- Fishing households 1 results 1
- Meaning 1 results 1
- Multi-dimensional poverty 1 results 1
- Organisational Commitments 1 results 1
- Social Capital 1 results 1
- Social Cohesion 1 results 1
- The concept Social cohesion is relative and a somewhat difficult concept to define. Many scholars have offered varying degree of definitions but the main challenge noticed in the definition, is the multiple definitions based on individual scholar’s orientation or ideology .Another problem poised by these definitions of the concept is that of multi-level and multi-dimensional nature. Contemporary scholars of social cohesion have defied a way of treating the concept as a phenomenon with a multi-dimensional feature or as a kind of potentially construct concept structured around many varying indices. Academics and policy makers have unanimously arrived at a consensus that ,"Social Cohesion" as a concept, is enjoying an ever-increasing popularity. Inspite of this perceived ubiquity in many literatures, the concept of social cohesion is still a hugely ill-defined concept that exact meaning varies from one scholar to another. While some scholars or researchers understand the concept as being synonymous to trust, solidarity and peace; many others tend to be of the view that the concept can incorporate such terms as inclusiveness, poverty and social capital. Sociologists however have associated or aligned the concept to ideas that includes social integration and system integration. In furtherance of the search for a clear definition, sociologists have attempted to simplify the challenges embedded in its definition. They highlighted interest in developing a general theory of social cohesion that is confronted with a complex body of work that involves various definitions of social cohesion and engaged specialized literatures on particular dimensions of social cohesion (e.g., membership turnover, organizational commitment, categorical identifications, interpersonal attachments, network structures) and encourage lines of inquiry that is focused on the specific types of groups (e.g., families, schools, military units and sports teams. The apparent theoretical confusion pointed out by other scholar critically is geared towards a critical view of the concept of cohesion which could be viewed as nothing beyond a "quasi-concept" or "concept of convenience" that can be seen to be flexible enough to allow for tweaking, meanderings and also offer rooms for necessities associated with political action in its everyday activities. The goal of the article therefore is to proffer an in-depth analysis of how the concept of social cohesion has been defined and applied in the literature, taking into cognizance the two traditions used in analyzing social cohesion. The first that has its origin in the disciplines of social sciences such as Political Science, Sociology, Social Psychology etc. Coming after social science discipline is the more recent and increasingly significant approaches that were formulated by policy-makers. 1 results 1
- Theories 1 results 1
- Using the traditional income-expenditure approach, coastal households have been adjudged to be poorer than their non-coastal counterparts. Poverty encompasses deprivation in other welfare dimensions such as education, health, housing, household assets, potable water and social participation. However, only few studies have conceptualised poverty with these various dimensions in focus. Hence, the nature and determinants of multi-dimensional poverty among fishing households in southwestern Nigeria were investigated. A multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted in collecting data from fishing households using structured questionnaire. Three coastal states (Ogun, Ondo and Lagos) were selected at the first stage. The three Local Government Areas (LGAs) with coastal characteristics were selected in Ogun and Ondo states while in Lagos state, three of such LGAs were randomly selected at the second stage. Subsequently, 100 coastal communities and 500 fishing households were selected based on probability proportionate to size. Data were obtained on socio-demographic characteristics and thirteen poverty dimensional variables including household expenditure, assets, housing quality, sources of drinking water and lighting, types of cooking fuel, waste disposal methods, and participation in grassroot politics and community development projects. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, multiple correspondence analysis, Alkire-Foster counting and dimension-adjusted poverty measure and logit regression at p = 0.05. Mean age and year of schooling of household heads were 46.0 ± 10.9 and 9.0 ± 4.0 years respectively. Household size and dependency ratio were 5.0 ± 3.0 persons and 0.4 ± 0.4, respectively. Majority (72.1%) of the households were male-headed with 33.7% of houses built onshore. Thirty seven percent (37%) of the houses were built with planks and bamboo with 47.5% of the households defecating directly into the river. Daily mean per capita household income was N1237.20 ± 776.60. Most households (97.5%) had no access to potable water and 60.0% lacked essential household assets. A multi-dimensional poverty cut-off value of 8 was obtained out of a possible 13 welfare indicators that had direct effect on the welfare status of the households. Poverty headcount ratio was 0.6 while the dimension-adjusted poverty incidence, depth and severity were 34.2%, 16.0% and 7.6% respectively. Large-sized households (> 12 members) had higher Poverty Incidence (PI) (0.5938) than small-sized households (< 6 members) with PI of 0.3326, while households with tertiary education had lower PI (0.3351) than those without formal education (0.3781). Households with higher dependency ratio of 0.60 had higher PI of 0.4196 than those with lower dependency ratio of 0.10 having PI of 0.3326. Being fully engaged in onshore economic activities (0.13), using dugout canoes (0.11), and having house located onshores (3.13) increased the probability of households’ multi-dimensional poverty while high educational attainment (- 0.005), income (- 0.14) and land size (- 0.11) reduced it. Multi-dimensional poverty was high among the fishing households. Inadequate education, insufficient income, use of dugout canoes and living onshore increased multidimensional poverty incidence among the households. Reduction in the poverty incidence of households would be achieved through improved access to formal education and use of motorised canoes. 1 results 1
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