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Cultural categorization of febrile illnesses in correlation with herbal remedies used for treatment in Southwestern Nigeria
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Sustaining the Roles of Non-Timber Forest Products in Rural Poverty-Reduction and Household Food Security in Nigeria
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Community participation and sustainable forest management in Edo State
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HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATI ON IN SOIL, WATER, MAIZE AND CHICKEN AT ORI-ILE BATTERY WASTE DUMPSITE, OLODO, IBADAN, NIGERIA
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Livestock and poultry wastes management in Swaziland
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- conservation 3 results 3
- phenology 2 results 2
- sustainability 2 results 2
- "Forest outputs are broadly classified into timber and Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs). While the timber component has been widely acknowledged as great contributor to both national and local economies, the equally important non-timber component had received little attention from social scientists and development planners until very recently. Non-timber forest products are all those goods and services of biological origin obtained from forests or associated ecosystems, which contribute directly or indirectly to human welfare. The non-timber forest products contribute immensely to household food security and income generation in Nigeria. Hence they play a significant role in rural poverty reduction. In Nigeria poverty, incidence had increased from 27.2% in 1980 to 65.6% in 1996. This disturbing trend has prompted the federal government and international agencies to formulate various programs aimed at reducing the poverty incidence in the country. Many of such programs have however failed to achieve the desired objectives because they failed to understand the intimate relationship between the rural people and their immediate environment. The poor depends largely on land and various plants and animal resources obtainable from it. The closely interwoven relationship between the people and their biotic environment should be carefully understood and adjusted in such a way that the ecosystem balance is sustained. This study examines the significant roles played by non-timber forest products in rural livelihood sustenance in Nigeria. Various strategies for sustainable production and utilization of the products are discussed. " 1 results 1
- A survey was carried out to assess the methods of livestock and poultry wastes management in Swaziland. The survey adopted the use of questionnaires which sought for information on the types of wastes generated, types of litter materials used, methods of wastes collection, predisposal wastes treatment, wastes utilization and possible effects of the wastes on the environment. Additional information was collected through personal communication and focused group discussions during the field trips while administering the questionnaires. Points of information gathering were commercial poultry and livestock farms, homesteads, dip tanks and feedlots. The data were analysed using percentages and frequencies, and the results presented in tables. Major solid wastes generated were from animal dung, poultry droppings and litters. Saw dust was the most popularly used litter material by about 38.7% of the large scale establishments while crushed corn cob was the least used by about 5.3%. Urine and spent water from washing in milking parlours and dip tanks constituted the liquid wastes. Waste collection was by manual scrapping with spades, sweeping and floor washing using water hoses, and use of mechanical scrappers. Manual scrapping was the most predominant method for solid wastes collection. It was used by about 60% and 95.8% of the large scale establishments and homesteads respectively. Mechanical scraping was mainly used in the large scale establishments. Solid wastes were either collected and taken directly to the field for application or temporarily stored in compost pits and refuse dumps to undergo further decomposition. Only 33.3% of the homesteads had temporary dump sites. In most homesteads, kraal manure is removed during land preparation which eliminates the need for storage. About 33.3% of the large scale establishments had dump sites, 17.4% had compost pits while 16% had a combination of dumpsites and compost pits. Liquid wastes were disposed off on strip fields or adjacent streams. About 75.0% of the homesteads and 33.3% of the large scale establishments conveyed their wastes using wheel barrows while 4.2% and 26.7% respectively made use of a combination of wheel barrows and tractor trailers. All the homesteads and about 72.0% of the large scale establishments used solid wastes as fertilizers on their own farms. Liquid effluent was used for irrigation by about 5.3% of the large scale establishments. The ministry of agriculture and cooperatives is emphasizing the use of livestock wastes in fish farming while the biogas plants which were established to utilize some of the wastes have been abandoned. Respondents admitted awareness of the dangers inherent in poor livestock and poultry wastes management but only a few admitted that their management techniques constituted any hazards to the environment. Solid wastes as presently generated, collected and utilized constitute no environmental threat but the liquid discharged to streams and wet cattle that wade through streams immediately after dipping are considered potential sources of pollution. Wastes are a potential source of biogas which is being effectively utilized in many countries. The abandoned biogas pilot schemes should be reactivated. Water quality assessment should be carried out on streams to which wastes are discharged and appropriate steps taken to prevent pollution. Oxidation ponds should be constructed near dip tanks and milking parlours. More extension work is required to educate the rural populace on the use of livestock wastes for fish farming. 1 results 1
- Abelmoschus esculentus 1 results 1
- Ailment 1 results 1
- Alabata Nature Reserve 1 results 1
- Alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus 1 results 1
- Anaerobic germination 1 results 1
- Apanteles sp 1 results 1
- Available information on medicinal plants indicates habitat loss and has heightened the need for more proactive conservation strategies. Conservation efforts in this direction resulted in an eco-pharmacological survey in the West African sub-region by three countries (Nigeria, Ghana and Republic of Benin) to assess frequently used medicinal plants. The result of the socio-economic study based on utilization pattern regionally was used to produce a list of ten topmost frequently used and mentioned medicinal plants regionally and was subsequently adopted for the eco-pharmacological study in Nigeria. The list was super-imposed on a vegetation map of Nigeria for study sites selection in the species range. Selection criteria were based on the presence of at least one or more members of the medicinal plants in each location. Subsequently these plants were monitored range-wide for phenological behaviors for two seasons (dry and raining seasons) for two consecutive years. Findings indicated that the ten medicinal plants belonged to nine taxonomic families and are represented in the three plant habits. Flowering was majorly a dry season event (November to February) extending to early rains (March to April) in the species of the southern range (lowland and derived ecozones). Fruiting was typical of early rains increasing northwards (March to July). For short duration flowering species (Pcynanthus angolensis, Alstonea bonnie and Rauvolfia vomitoria), fruiting occurred late in dry season (December to February). Mean flowering duration ranged between (9.45 ± 1.73 to 45.68 ± 4.77) days, while mean fruiting duration ranged between (15.22 ± 2.15 to 145. 87 ± 8.59) days. Phenological charts were used to depict the phenological trends for the different species. The provision of this information offers a useful tool-kit for medicinal plants genetic resources monitoring, management and appropriate conservation strategies in Nigeria 1 results 1
- Balancing forest regeneration and meeting food and fibre needs of Nigeria’s ever-increasing population challenges is imperative to her sustainable development. Two methods of artificial forest regeneration practiced in Oyo State, Nigeria to meet these challenges are direct planting and taungya systems. This paper reports the performance of the taungya system of forest regeneration in Osho Forest Reserve, Oyo State, Nigeria with a view to harnessing information for informed and effective policy decision on sustainable forestry development. Four out of seven taungya centres within and around the reserve were purposively studied using questionnaire administration, oral interviews and direct field measurement. Direct field measurement was undertaken in 10 temporary sampling plots, each measuring 25 m × 25 m. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at P = 0.05. The taungya farmers in the study area were male and a majority (76.0%) had no formal education. More than half of the farmers (56.0%) had knowledge about taungya and silvicultural operations, while 82.0% of them had no other farm outside the taungya farm. The observed survival of trees planted on the farms was high. Significant variation was observed in the circumference at breast height (Cbh) of species under the direct planting and taungya systems with Gmelina arborea contributing to most of the variation and the differences in stand age. The survival percentage of tree species under taungya was higher (52.0% ha−1) than that under direct planting system (41.0% ha−1). The study identified lack of credit facilities, inadequate funding and ignorance of the advantage of tree crops on tropical farmland as well as inadequate technical support as the major constraints of the taungya system. The taungya system is effective for forest regeneration albeit taking care of farmers’ interest beyond the tree canopy closure age is recommended, if more trees are expected to survive. 1 results 1
- Battery waste consists of toxic Heavy Metals (HMs) and the Ori-Ile battery waste dumpsite, Olodo, Ibadan has elicited public health concerns. Available literature revealed that maize absorbs and accumulates toxic HMs from polluted soils of irrigated farmlands. But, there is limited information on its accumulation in chicks fed with maize-based feeds at Olodo, where maize is predominantly grown for poultry feed and human consumption. This study was designed to investigate accumulation of some HMs in soil, water, maize and chicks from the vicinity of Ori-Ile battery waste dumpsite, Olodo, Ibadan, Nigeria. An auto-battery Waste Dumpsite (WD), Ori-Ile, Olodo was purposively selected for the study. One hundred and samples l six topsoithirty were purposively collected (every two months, 2009) July to2008March from waste dumpsite and along North, South, East and West (N,S,E,W) directions at 5 m intervals from the edge of WD. Thirty two groundwater samples were collected 25 m away from . directionsW E,S,N, along WD Control soil and water samples were collected from Moor Plantation (MP), Ibadan. Soil and groundwater samples were analysed for HMs. Maize was planted in Direction with Highest HMs Concentration (DHHMC) for three months. The maize-parts weregrains) leaves, stems, (roots, harvested and analysed for HMs. Broiler feed protein) crude 19.7%-(18.8 was formulated from part of harvested-grains using standard method. Thirty broilers (day-old) were obtained from a farm, acclimatised for two-weeks on commercial feed and subdivided into two equal groups. The broilers were then fed on Formulated Feed from Harvested Grains (FFHG) and Formulated Feed from Control Grains (FFCG) for additional six weeks. Five chicks from each broiler group were sacrificed at four, six and eight-week old to determine lead, cadmium and iron accumulation in plasma, skin, liver and femur. Similar organs from Free-Range Chicks around WD (FRCMP) MP and (FRCWD) were also analysed for metals. Histopathological analysis of chicks’ liver and kidney were done using standard procedure. The HMs in all samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Contamination, Bio-concentration and Bio-accumulation Factors BaF) and BcF (CF, were determined for soil, maize and chicks respectively using standard methods. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA and T-test at p=0.05. iii The HMs concentration (mg/kg) from the WD was 123.1,±258.4 :Cd 1436.7,±4273.8:Pb 791.5±7910.0:Fe while that for 94.8,±274.3 :Cd 1107.9,±4693.8 :Pb :North 740.0;±8346.7 :Fe South: 867.0,±4353.3:Pb 603.5;±8189.6:Fe 71.4,±255.2:Cd 65.6,±248.2:Cd 832.9,±4351.3 :Pb :East 639.5; ±8130.0:Fe West: 1020.8,±4698.3 , 676.8±7851.3 86.9,±278.4 respectively. These were significantly higher than control 353.9)±976.3 1.2,±2.2 39.8,±(157.0 and NESREA limits 50).:Cd 164,:(Pb Soil CF values were greater than 6 indicating severe contamination. The HMs concentrations in groundwater 0.002, ±0.003:Cd 0.015,±0.017:(Pb mg/L) 0.015±0.033:Fe were significantly higher than control but less than NESREA limits 1.0). :Fe 0.005,:Cd 0.01,:(Pb Lead and cadmium in DHHMC maize-parts were significantly higher than control. Roots had concentration of . mg/L 0.19±2.84:Cd and 1.98±40.95:Pb In all maize-parts, BcF of HMS was < 1. Four-week old FFHG broilers’ liver had highest lead, cadmium and iron 0.003,±0.011 0.002,±(0.014 ly) respective mg/L 28.023±302.01 where four- weeks>six-weeks>eight-weeks. In FFHG and FRCWD chicks, lead and cadmium were significantly higher than FFCG and FRCMP. Lead and cadmium BaF values for all chicks were < 1 while iron was > 1. In FRCWD, lead iron and 0.015)±(0.068 8.48)±(298.0 were highest in the liver, while 0.002) ±(0.013 cadmium was highest in the skin. Necrosis, severe diffused hepatic degeneration and interstitial haemorrhages were observed in FFHG and FRCWD chicks. High accumulation of heavy metals found in the soils of Ori-Ile battery waste dumpsite, Olodo, Ibadan bio-accumulated in maize-roots and in chicken organs. 1 results 1
- Biology 1 results 1
- Children' represent a particularly vulnerable group drat is likely to suffer disproportionately from both direct and indirect adverse health effects of climate change. Conservative environmental estimates of die impact of climate change that are already in process indicate that they-will result in numerous health effects to children. The study examined the effect of climate change on die health status of-children in Southwest Nigeria. One; hundred and twenty medical practitioners and two hundred and sixty parents of affected children were randomly sampled from ten health facilities in Oyo, Ogun, Osun and Lagos States Data were collected through interview schedule and structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation at p < .0.05 level of significance. The result of die study indicated that 53.0% of die severely affected children are boys .and a significant relationship between climate change on gender (r-0.228, p-0.022 α-0.05). There was no significant relationship between age and climate change. More than half of die parents (87.0%). do not have access to adequate information on die negative effect of climate change on their children It was recommended that adaptation agenda that focuses on die realities of children’s health be pursued vigorously from die homes to die Federal government levels. Parents should be educated through print and electronic media on die need to plant trees to combat die effect of die ozone layers depletion. 1 results 1
- Climate Change 1 results 1
- Contributions of forests to human well-being can only be sustained if the forests are sustained and local communities living within and around forest reserves have been identified to be central to meaningful planning for sustainable management of forest reserves. Studies in this direction are expected to contribute to poverty alleviation, environmental protection, and sustainable wood production this study is directed at ascertaining haw participatory approach involving local communities and other stakeholders can be used for sustainable management of forest reserves in Edo State. Stratified random sampling technique with a minimum of 30% sampling intensity was used to select 296 rural dwellers in the settlements within and around Ehor, Okomu, and Sakpoba forest reserves in the study area. Information was obtained on demographic and social status of the respondents, importance of the reserves to livelihoods, impressions about management system, forest resource use and willingness to participate in JFM using structured questionnaire, Rapid Rural Appraisal and Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques. Data obtained were subjected to descriptive and Chi-square test statistics at p = 0.05. None of the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents apart from religion (t = 2.39; P ≤ 0.02) in Okomu forest reserve significantly impacted their interest in forest conservation. However, ethnic background (t = 2.09), marital status (t = 2.22) and gender (t = -2.09) significantly (P ≤ 0.04) impacted interest in tree planting. Also, awareness of, and participation in local management activities were impacted by socio-economic status, most especially in Ehor and Okomu. Most of the respondents (85.14%) obtained produce from forest reserves , however, access to forest products was not significantly dependent on the income generating potential of the produce (X2= 9.35; df = 4). Some 14.43% of the respondents made an annual income of between N10,000:00 and N50, 000 while 57.5% of other stakeholders made between N1.5 and 3.5 million per annum. Conflict with forest officials is significantly (P ≤ 0.05) dependent on access to forest products (X2 = 70.44; df = 4) while perception of forest reserve law enforcement is not significantly dependent on access to forest produce. (X2 = 9.01; df = 4). Attitude of forest officials to forest law enforcement is a constraint to income generating activities in the study area. There exists no significant linear relationship between the willingness to participate in forest management and the identified socio-economic characteristics of rural dwellers in Okomu (F = 0.82), Sakpoba (F = 0.27) and Ehor (0.35) forest reserves. Also, apart from religion (t = 2.07) in Okomu forest reserve, none of the socio-economic attributes of rural dwellers had significant linear relationship with their opinion on JFM affecting livelihood (t = 2.07). 1 results 1
- Diabetes mellitus and its complications continue to be one of the highest causes of morbidity and mortality in recent times. Although many drugs are commercially available for use in the management of diabetes, their side effects and high costs underscore the need for new drugs. Mucunapruriens(L.) DC. (Fabaceae)is among the plants used in the management of diabetes in the tropics. The antidiabetic and ameliorative effects of the seed ethanolic extract of M.pruriens on alloxan-induced diabetes in Wistar rats were evaluated. Antidiabetic activity of the formulated M. pruriens tablets was also investigated in rabbits. Preliminary phytochemical screening of M. pruriens was done using standard methods. The effects of oral administration of the extractat doses 5.0-100.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) and glibenclamide (5.0 mg/kg bw) as standard drug were studied in alloxan-induced (120 mg/kg, i.p) diabetic rats (eight groups of six rats each, plasma glucose>450.0 mg/dL). Biochemical parameters were evaluated by spectroscopy and acute toxicity tests carried out based on mortality rate of Swiss albino mice. Tablets were formulated using direct compression and wet granulation methods. Mechanical properties of the tablets were assessed using crushing strength, friability and the crushing strength-friability ratio while drug release properties were evaluated by determining disintegration and dissolution times. The in vivo release properties of selected tablet formulations in diabetic rabbits were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, linear regression and ANOVA. The seed of M. pruriens contained alkaloids, saponins, steroids and phenols. The administration of 5.0, 10.0, 20.0, 30.0, 40, 50.0, and 100.0 mg/kg of the crude ethanol extract of MP led to 18.6%, 24.9%, 30.8%, 41.4%, 49.7%, 53.1% and 55.4% reduction, respectively in blood glucose level eight hours after administration, while glibenclamide resulted in 59.7% reduction. Chronic administration of the extract also resulted in significant (p<0.001) dose-dependent reduction in the blood glucose level and the alleviation of body weight loss associated with diabetes. Acute toxicity tests showed that no death was recorded after administration of the extract (0.5 –32.0 g/kg). Significantly (p<0.05) elevated levels of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase with concomitant decrease in total protein level were observed in diabetic rats when compared with control rats. The values of these biochemical parameters were restored to normal levels by M. pruriens extract or glibenclamide after 12 weeks of treatment. Mucunapruriens tablets prepared by wet granulation exhibited higher mechanical and drug release properties than tablets prepared by direct compression (p<0.05). The tablet properties depended on the type and concentration of binders and excipients employed in the formulations. Tablets prepared by direct compression showed better reduction in the blood glucose level, compared to those prepared by wet granulation. There was a direct correlation between drug released from the tablets in vitro and its antidiabetic activity in vivo in rabbits (r2 = 0.995). Theethanolic extract of the seed of Mucunapruriens and its tablet formulations showed significant antidiabetic activity. In addition, M. pruriens displayed both hepatoprotective and cholesterol reducing properties in diabetic rats. 1 results 1
- Direct-seeded rice 1 results 1
- Drug release properties 1 results 1
- Early detection and remediation of heavy metals in soil and vegetation will ameliorate serious threats posed to human existence. An auto battery manufacturing company dumped slag containing proportion of heavy metals in an hectare of land at Lalupon, Ibadan, Nigeria. The extent of contamination of soil by heavy metals and their accumulation in plants around the abandoned slag was studied. Plants and the surrounding soils were sampled from different directions at increasing distance from the vicinity of the waste pile and their concentrations of heavy metals were determined. The levels of Pb, Zn and Ni in mg/kg ranged from 34.8 – 41500, 16.3 – 849 and ND – 48.2; 9.2 – 9700, 16.0 – 271 and 2.83 – 36.9; 4.5- 5670, 8.00 – 174 and ND – 322 in soil, plant root and plant shoot, respectively. The plant samples from the immediate environment of the waste were highly contaminated with Pb. Six plant species, particularly Sporobolus pyramidalis, met some of the conditions to be classified as hyperaccumulators for Pb, Ni and Zn, and three other plants fulfilled the criteria for heavy metal excluders. We conclude that the potential hyperaccumulators and excluders, under controlled conditions, can be used for phytoremediation of the site. 1 results 1
- Fertigation 1 results 1
- Free-Range Chicks 1 results 1
- Genetic advance 1 results 1
- Genetic gain 1 results 1
- Genetic variability 1 results 1
- Genetic variance 1 results 1
- Greenhouse 1 results 1
- Health Status 1 results 1
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