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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Building on the view of biographical writing as a cultural practice and expression, this article adopts identity and narrative theories to discuss the interconnection between national character and identity construction in political autobiographies. It used Mandela’s Long Walk to Freedom [LWF] (1994) and Obasanjo’s My Watch [MW] (2014) as primary texts. It identifies prejudice against black South Africans as the national character in LWF and postcolonial political disillusionment in Nigeria as that of MW. It further demonstrates how the personalities of Mandela and Obasanjo are rooted in role-based identity and the respective saliences that activate this identity type. Additionally, it discusses the modes of narration in the two texts. The article concludes that national character is a socio-cultural and psychological indicator that influences identity construction in political autobiographies. 1 results 1
- Christian-Muslim pilgrimage || || Religious ethos || 1 results 1
- Cultural strategies 1 results 1
- Discourse strategies 1 results 1
- Existing studies on pilgrimage have focused more on the spiritual dimension and have neglected the social, economic and political aspects. For instance, the activities of stakeholders such as state governments, pilgrims, retailers, bureau de change officers, and pilgrimage board officials are hardly explored from a holistic point of view, thus allowing for an abbreviated conception of pilgrimage. This study, therefore, examined the practice of pilgrimage in Lagos with a view to determining its socio-economic and political dimensions and how these interface with the ethos of Christian and Muslim pilgrimage. The study adopted Durkheim‘s functional theory, which describes religion as an institutional tool that influences behaviour of individuals and groups positively and negatively. The Pilgrimage Centres both in Lagos State Secretariat, Alausa and Local Airport, Ikeja were purposively selected as study locations. Qualitative data were obtained through observation and the interview of 50 informants randomly selected from a population of Christian and Muslim pilgrims, retailers of pilgrim souvenirs, officials of pilgrimage board, and bureau de change operators. Furthermore, six focus group discussions were held with 70 Christian and Muslim pilgrims. Data collected were subjected to content analysis. Majority of Christian and Muslim performing pilgrimages from Lagos State were state-sponsored and for the purpose of which the state expended between five and seven billion naira annually. Pilgrimage sponsorship constituted an aspect of patronage politics, as sponsored pilgrims were basically government officials and their spouses, senior civil servants, party faithful, clerics and others whose loyalty to the ruling party was being rewarded. or whose influences were adjudged crucial to achieving electoral successes in future. The Lagos State Government considered sponsorship of pilgrimages as a form of social responsibility, which has helped to foster inter-religious ties and cooperation among the two major religious groups in the State. Pilgrimage periods were equally boom time for businesses connected with the exercise, especially travel agencies and bureau de change operators, majority of whom claimed that the demand for foreign exchange doubled during pilgrimage seasons. In addition, some pilgrims, mostly women, utilised pilgrimage trips to shop for trade articles like jewelleries and items considered cheaper in the holy lands. Social activities like public feasting and wearing of common attire created cordial relationship among pilgrims and facilitated the development of new identity and social networks. Many pilgrims also embarked upon the exercise to enhance their upward social mobility, most especially as the titles of Alhaji/Alhaja and JP were widely seen as capable of conferring the bearers with statuses that could be deployed to advantage. The socio-economic and political dimensions of Christian and Muslim pilgrimage exercises were indicative of much emphasis on other mundane interests other than religious activities. This suggested the invasion of the religious domain by global materialism. For religious pilgrimages to retain their relevance and move beyond mere tourism, the basic rationale for the exercises, especially the aspects of piety and convenience, should be re-examined to ensure that ethics of the pilgrimage is preserved 1 results 1
- Globally, economic growth and national development may be the result of the success registered by Small and Medium-Scale Enterprises (SMEs). In the societies or nations where the intervention by SMEs is a thriving practice, credit often is given mainly to the male entrepreneurs while the contributions of their female counterparts hardly receives much robust consideration in existing literature. Thus, this paper takes a diachronic approach in explicating the perceptions and contributions of women. The study is delimited to the antiquated Grecian society and the Yoruba society of Nigeria in the pre-colonial and colonial periods and adopts a comparative hermeneutical approach in the analysis of the historical findings and textual materials peculiar to both societies. Its findings reveal that significant dichotomies existed in both societies in relation to the entrepreneurial activities of women. In Greece, women were inhibited by their cultural value to engage in entrepreneurship. The entrepreneurial activities they were allowed to carry out were more passive than active. Nonetheless, they excelled and provided stability at the home front and the nation Overall albeit on a micro-managed scale. On the other hand, Yoruba women in Nigeria were privileged to engage in entrepreneurial activities with minimal restrictions. This afforded them the opportunity to translate their business enterprises into money spinning ventures. With such wealth in their hands, they could conveniently delve into politics and have a telling influence in the political affairs of their various communities. The study therefore underscores the historicity that women in different societies have found a way to counter patriarchy through diligence, dexterity, creativity and innovation to ensure domestic stability and sustainable development in every society. Thus, women should not be perceived as belonging strictly to the 'other room’. Such perception is tantamount to a subtle denial of their pivotal contributions to economic development and socio-political advancement whether in the past or present times 1 results 1
- Health-seeking behaviour 1 results 1
- Household economy 1 results 1
- Household economy involves the production and consumption at micro level of human organisation and is characterised by cultural forces that influence actions taken to prevent and/or cure illnesses in rural communities. Existing studies on household economy in rural communities of Nigeria have focused on production and consumption patterns, without paying considerable attention to how local economic system influences health-seeking behaviour. This study, therefore examines the cultural strategies employed in household economy and their implication for choice and utilisation of healthcare services in rural Akoko communities of Ondo State. The study adopted the political economy of health theory and exploratory design. The theory posits a relationship between economic structure and health care system. One rural community was randomly selected from each of the four local government areas populated by the Akoko, namely Akoko North-west, Akoko North-East, Akoko South-West, Akoko South-East. The sampled communities are Akunnu, Ese, Ikun and Ipe-Akoko respectively. Sixteen Focus Group Discussions were conducted with men and women in the sampled households. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with purposively selected 24 health care providers, and 68 economic groups. Unstructured Observation method is also adopted for data collection. Data were subjected to content analysis. The cultural strategies adopted in household economy in rural Akoko are “Abo” (a system of organising services/labour) and “Ajugba” (a system of exchanging economic goods). Both strategies are anchored in the concept of Moye (a kinship ideology emphasising welfare creation), which demands mutual economic assistance to one’s kinsmen. However, these are principles that make household economic activities more complex and tasking in rural Akoko. The strategies affect the choice and utilisation of healthcare services. Abo encourages the flow of labour but increases time and energy expended on economic activities. It therefore limits available time to seek quality orthodox healthcare, thus, making the people to rely more on traditional healthcare and home remedies. Ajugba, on the other hand, creates availability of goods more than attracting monetary rewards to finance healthcare, and makes the people to seek cheaper healthcare. Herbal concoctions are applied for injury and pains, while home remedies are applied for curing illnesses and for preventive measures. Rural Akoko people preferred traditional healthcare and home remedies which allow them have more time for economic activities. Orthodox healthcare providers indicate that rural Akoko people devoted more attention to work than healthcare and sought orthodox healthcare at advanced stages of illnesses, resulting in morbidity and mortality. The interface between cultural strategies and the utilisation of healthcare services in rural Akoko communities indicates their importance of healthcare intervention. The cultural strategies adopted in the rural Akoko communities economic system has strong influence in determining the choice and utilisation of healthcare resources. The interface between the local economy and health-seeking behaviour in rural communities therefore deserves sustainable attention for aiding health interventions policy formulation. 1 results 1
- Lagos State 1 results 1
- Materialism 1 results 1
- Media Bias 1 results 1
- Media Framing 1 results 1
- Nigerian Newspapers 1 results 1
- Nigeria’s 2015 Presidential Election 1 results 1
- Objectivity in News Reporting 1 results 1
- Osun State Broadcasting Corporation 1 results 1
- Political ideology 1 results 1
- Previous studies on news in electronic media in Nigeria have mostly concentrated on linguistic and stylistic features with little attention on discourse strategies and underlying ideological factors considered to be significant in the construction and full understanding of radio news. There is need for more attention to be paid to ideologies and discourse strategies in media discourse as they enhance the comprehension of radio news. This study, therefore, investigated the discourse strategies and political ideologies in selected radio news of Osun State Broadcasting Corporation, (OSBC), with a view to revealing the interaction between the strategies and ideologies. The OSBC was selected for its unique engagements with political ideologies. The study was carried out within the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) which links the text with underlying power relations and ideologies, using Wodak‟s sociohistorical and van Dijk‟s socio-cognitive models. These are complemented with Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) for its emphasis on the form/function relationship in language use. A total of 1000 written news reports from the OSBC were collected between April 2007 and November 2010, out of which 250 (25%) were purposively sampled, based on their political contents. The period was selected because of the political tension that characterized the election situation in the State during the regime of Governor Olagunsoye Oyinlola. A content analysis of the news was carried out using the tools of SFG and CDA. Three major political ideologies namely, historicist, humanitarian, and welfarist, were observed to influence the deployment of specific discourse strategies in the construction of political news in the OSBC radio during the regime of Governor Olagunsoye Oyinlola. Government was projected as welfarist and humanitarian in its political agenda. Historicist ideology was characterised by the use of temporality and historical comparison of events. The linguistic tool of lexicalisation was used to foreground the humanitarian and welfarist ideologies of the government. The historicist ideology was characterised by the use of transitive clauses with a high degree of transitivity which comprised spatio-temporal adverbials and verbal choices for detailed material, mental and relational processes representing the actions and activities of prominent political actors in the news events. For humanitarian and welfarist ideologies, the strategies utilised were blame transfer, source avoidance, positive self-presentation and negative other-presentation, foregrounding of figures and statistics, manipulation, and authoritarianism. Blame transfer exonerated the political actors from the ills of the society and shifted the blame on the opponents. Events that portrayed the ruling political party positively and the opposition negatively were emphasized and given prominence while those that portrayed the ruling party negatively and the opponents positively were defocussed. There is a close interaction between political ideology and the discourse strategies used to project it in OSBC radio news texts. This interaction throws useful insights into the ideational process that is crucial in the construction of radio news. Future studies should undertake an analysis of the link between ideology and television news. 1 results 1
- Radio news 1 results 1
- Rural Akoko 1 results 1
- This paper examines leadership role conception within the context of Nigeria 's foreign policy at the regional level. The nature and scope as well as the rational basis of Nigeria 's leadership role in Africa are examined. It argues that leadership role is not only an aspect of Nigeria's dignity as the most populous country in Africa but is also crucial to no{e that there was a tacit international recognition that Nigeria is destined to play a leading role in African affairs. Thus, international legitimacy of Nigeria through independence in 1960 gave the country the responsibility of playing an active role in African affairs. Central to this discourse are: the psychological reasons why Nigeria is supreme in Africa, factors that influence Nigeria 's leadership role in Africa, including the interrogation of selected foreign policies within the context of Nigerian-African diplomacy. Since 1970s, Nigeria's leadership role in regional affairs has been very visible and commendable. However, Nigeria's diplomatic influence in Africa declined in the 1990s as a result of domestic political and economic crisis. In spite of these challenges, no external policy issues has preoccupied Nigeria more than Nigerian African diplomacy. The paper concludes by asserting the need for Nigeria to stabilize its domestic polity in order to continue playing a leading role in regional affairs. 1 results 1
- This research adopted a descriptive survey design with the use of self-reported instruments to generate data and responses from the research participants. The setting of the study was the main campus of the University of Benin, Edo State, Nigeria where the 23rd edition of the Nigerian Universities Games (NUGA) took place in 2011. The independent variables of the research were socio-economic status, political orientation, age, and gender. The dependent variable was desire for freedom of speech or-free speech attitudes (FSA)and this was measured in line with each of the respondent's score on a 20-item, 3-point Likert questionnaire which measured Freedom of Speech. One hundred and fifteen (115) Nigerian athletes consisting of 70 males and 45 females and aged between 18 and 38 were involved in the study. Males constituted 60.87% while females accounted for 39.1%. Their mean age was 23.57 (SD = 5.34). Due to the fast pace of activities and time pressure at the venue of the games, it was not easy to get hold of athletes to participate in the study; hence the accidental sampling method was used. Thirty four of the respondents reported being liberal in political orientation, 36 reported being moderate, and 45 reported being conservative in political orientation. Political orientation was assessed by Peterson (2007)'s political orientation scale. Participants were of different socioeconomic backgrounds. In relation to the variables studied, four hypotheses were tested using simple Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and one-way ANOVA. Results showed that age positively correlated with FSA significantly while political orientation significantly influenced FSA. Results also showed that gender and socio-economic status did not significantly influence FSA. Discussion centered on the way and manner that FSA and factors influencing it can be studied, understood and put to productive use. Specifically, age and political orientation identified as very important factors influencing FSA. It was concluded that age and political orientation are important variables in shaping FSA and a better understanding of them will partly lay a good foundation for citizens' contribution to democratic growth and good governance. 1 results 1
- This study examined the level of objectivity demonstrated by Nigerian newspapers in their coverage of elections with specific reference to the Nigeria‘s 2015 presidential election. Textual analysis was used to examine news stories about electioneering activities of the two leading political parties—the People‘s Democratic Party (PDP) and the All Progressives Congress (APC)—as reported by The Nation, Nigerian Tribune, The Punch and Vanguard newspapers, which were selected purposively based on their national reach and ownership. The newspapers foregrounded some news stories about the political parties and their presidential candidates while they buried others in manners that reflected biases influenced by ownership and political alignments of the newspapers. This trend has implications for Nigeria‘s democracy as the frames adopted by the news media to report electioneering activities may determine the voting decisions of the electorate and the final outcome of elections. Therefore, Nigerian news media should be fair and objective while reporting sensitive issues such as elections. 1 results 1
- This thesis consists of nine chapters. The first is on the biography of the Shaykh while the second highlights the features of an ideal Islamic State. The subsequent chapters critically examine the views expressed by the Shaykh after editing the Arabic text and translating it. Topics discussed in the chapters respectively are patriotism, agriculture and commerce, education, family living, and health and social welfare services. Shaykh Abd al-Salam Yusuf A1 ikinla was an erudite scholar and a gifted writer. He was also a charismatic leader who commanded the respect of all and sundry, especially the -Western-educated Muslims who constituted the majority of members of Hizbulabah-al-Shalib, founded by him in 1952. His efforts to enhance the status of Islam and that of its adherents attracted him to the political activities of the 1940s and 1950s although he never contested for any public post. It is not impossible that Mustaqbal Ilorin al-Zahir, now under study, is as a result of his exposure to politics. Under patriotism, issues affecting security of the nation and commitment of the citizens to uphold its territorial integrity are discussed. Care of the land and encouragement of farmers financially and morally are treated under agriculture. The Shaykh talks about traders, foreign entrepreneurs and artisans under commerce. Much emphasis is laid on proper upbringing of girls, their freedom to study any course and compulsory education of every child under education. On family living, the Shaykh raises issues such as the establishment of marriage registry, size of the family, mothers' responsibilities to their children and the influence of the former on the latter. Topics treated under health services include qualities of animals to be slaughtered, environmental sanitation, traditional and modem physicians and training of doctors and para-medical staff locally and abroad. His discussions on social welfare services cover the settlement of the destitute such as beggars, lunatics and lepers. It is pertinent to mention here that the Shaykh's belief that Islam is not only a religion but a complete way of life underlies his submissions on the topics mentioned above. His intention seems to be the spiritual and material transformation of the nation into a better society. 1 results 1
- Tourism || 1 results 1
- Yoruba migration to Kano was shaped both by social and economic reality of the British colonial rule and trajectories of the post-colonial state. In Kano, the wider opportunity for the advancement of commercial frontier attracted generations of Yoruba traders, artisans, entrepreneurs and professionals. This book articulates the historical process that led to the evolution as well as the consolidation of the Yoruba commercial diaspora in Kano. Three interconnected themes: migration, entrepreneurship and intergroup relations in a commercial diaspora were systematically pursued in this work. All through the trajectory, the book has reconstructed the historical metamorphosis of the Yoruba trading diaspora chronologically from colonial period to the post-colonial era and, by extension, part of the commercial history of modern Kano. In 1912, Yoruba commerce in Kano entered a- new phase from the socio-cultural bases already established in the pre-colonial economy. Linder the British rule, Yoruba identity in Kano was dramatically transformed to become “non-natives” or “strangers." The British used diverse measures including stereotype, criminalisation and ethnic segregation to control Yoruba migration to Kano. Resentment and criminalisation were used to segregate and exclude the Yoruba from the mainstream Kano society. In this respect.- ethnic relations were mediated by colonial encounter. Colonialism challenged the migrants’ identity and self-understanding. The r transformative effects of this challenge redefined inter-ethnic relations to produce new imbalances, crystallisation of communal identities and social cohesion. As such, inter-ethnic rivalry sustained the British rule and remained pervasive in the post-colonial context. The intriguing feature of ethnic segregation as model of state structure and development provided stimulus for diaspora identity. Despite the control measures, the groundnut export and urbanisation processes in Kano influenced the greater proportion of Yoruba migration within the framework of kinship linkages. But Yoruba traders encountered structural disadvantages in the commodity trade. Commercially, Yoruba women were among the active traders whose entrepreneurial activities linked the rural markets with the urban economy and stimulated income and distribution of Kano made goods. From 1985 and up to 1999, a downward trend was recorded in Yoruba enterprise in Kano due to economic contraction and urban crises. The methodology for this study was primarily empirical in approach: In-depth oral interviews, research visits to neighbourhoods, fact finding surveys made on individuals, organisations and institutions as data sources in an interactive manner. The emphasis on field experience and broader interviews across ethnic, occupational and gender categories facilitated the validation of data collected and interpretation ensured that the analysis was a product of communal reflections. In this study, it has been found that ethnicity was fundamental in social and economic networks through which commerce was undertaken. The overriding value of Yoruba ethnic identity in Kano was the creation of a socio-economic community that allocated productive resources in the employment of labour, capital mobilisation, entrepreneurship and social security. The recreation and reorganisation of ethnic associations were largely influenced by successful entrepreneurs who played significant leadership roles. However, social functions restricted entrepreneurial investment in commercial activities. The study has examined the survival strategy employed by the Yoruba in combating incorporation and exclusion prism that curtailed, challenged or encouraged their commercial activities. As a trading community, the Yoruba used their flexible identity, professional skills and religions (both Christianity and Islam) for commercial success. The special skills of the entrepreneurs and complimentary commercial roles of artisans had led to the transfer of technical skills, improved craft industry, urban development, stimulated income and growth of markets, and tho over increasing urban population that provided the much needed skilled labour tor tho expanding industries. Yoruba enterprise generated labour supply, provided employment and above all, contributed to the process of capital accumulation Indeed, the special skills and complementary commercial roles of the Yoruba Christians constituted an invaluable asset to their acceptance among the Muslim host community Many of the Yoruba Muslim migrant households have been complotely absorbed into the cultural and religious values of Kano. Closely connected to this, is the fact that, many of the unassimllatod younger gemmation of tho Muslim Yoruba Migrants developed a plural identity As n consequence, tho commercial diaspora produced a hybrid generation namely; the Kano Yoruba, who had a stronger sentiment for the hosl community. Empirically, the two ethnic groups (Hausa and Yoruba) still retain many of tho loan words borrowed from each other’s languages for Islamic, commercial, equestrian and sundry matters. These extensive social network and marital linkages had facilitated ethnic harmony and hospitality. A remarkable aspect of this study is the discussion on tho ambivalent Hausa and Yoruba relations namely: economic competition on one hand and cultural constraints of identity on the other hand. Yoruba commercial activities in Kano have occasioned stress and suspicion generated considerably by economic competition. Some of the riots in Kano from 1953 to 1999 were caused by socio-political problems with devastating consequences on Kano economy most especially, state of insecurity of investment, tho fear of looting, wanton destruction of lives and economic gains, and tho exodus of migrant artisans and entrepreneurs. Some of the Yoruba experienced economic dislocation. Hence, they liquidated their businesses and or relocated to their places of origin or other commercial cities in Nigeria. The study concludes that Yoruba enterprise in Kano contributed to the transmission of technical skills among different communities and the transformation of modern Kano as a commercial metropolis in Nigeria. Without family connections and support network in a competitive context, Yoruba diaspora became ethnically assertive in terms of associational life. Thus, in the process, diaspora identity restricted the prospect of integration of the migrants into the host community. 1 results 1
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