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The impact of UV-light on grapevine berry and wine metabolites. by Honeth, Chandré
Published 2018Get full text
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An investigation into the molecular aetiology of Parkinson's disease in South African patients by Glanzmann, Brigitte
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Evaluation of high-throughput methodology for multi-gene screening in patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Fisher, Leslie Reginald
Published 2011Get full text
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Modern-ocean ground-truthing of planktic foraminifer nitrogen isotopes : a proxy for surface ocean nutrient conditions by Smart, Sandi M.
Published 2020Get full text
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The antidiabetic and antioxidant properties of Athrixia phylicoides aqueous extract : an in vitro and ex vivo assessment by Chellan, Nireshni
Published 2011Get full text
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- "This study examines how federal restructuring and decentralisation can be tailored towards the creation of an enabling environment for business in Nigeria. It does this by making a comparative assessment of the business environment in Nigetia; exploring the character of federalism and decentralisation programmes in Nigeria. It also examines the implications of these for governance and the business environment in Nigeria while suggesting decentralisation reforms required to enhance government efficiency and effectiveness as well as improving the business environment. The study noted that decentralization programmes in Nigeria began from the colonial era but have largely taken the form of spatial deconcentration. As a result, they have had the effect of increasing central control and reducing opportunities for citizen participation, and stultified creativity. The restraint in devolving power is attributable to the effort at regime sustenance in the face of limited state legitimacy, the problem of fragile national unity and the prevalence of military dictatorship with its centralizing tendencies. Territorial fragmentation and internal boundary adjustments have resulted in a proliferation of states and local governments; but such levels of government have been without local power that can attract and stimulate participation. Spatial deconcentration has resulted in a bloated states sector, with minimal private sector development, and a suppression of innovative and entrepreneurial energy. Dependence of sub-national units on oil revenue from the centre has been one of the major reasons fur the failure to diversify the economic base of the country. The competition that had characterised inter-state relations under the three and four-region Systems in which derivation was a significant factor of horizontal revenue sharing gave way to political struggles for federation funds. Thus, local spending became completely separated from local resources in the name of even development across the country. The centralisation of resources control and the adoption of a general revenue allocation formula provided no incentive for competitiveness among the various sub-national governments. Decentralisation reforms have become imperative but need to be done democratically. There should be wide spread consultation and negotiation to reach consensus on an ideological base for the envisaged decentralization programme. There should also be very clear institutional arrangement for managing the process, realistic and clear-cut distribution of powers and functions among the various governments based on the principle of subsidiarity with clearly spelt out institutions of horizontal and vertical accountability. The programme should be informed by a more practicalconcern about economic competitiveness, such that the country will be restructured into competing governmental units, providing room for public/private partnership in productive activities at the lower levels, such that would enable the exploration and development of economic potentials of the various states. The current general revenue sharing formula should be reconsidered with a view to promoting competition hand in hand with the drive for equity and accountability. Caution should be taken during the process to avoid fanning the embers of centrifugal forces. Nigeria should borrow ideas from successful decentralisation efforts in other lands. " 1 results 1
- Assimilation 1 results 1
- Behaviour 1 results 1
- Bovine tuberculosis, 1 results 1
- Children’s aggression 1 results 1
- Connected speech processes 1 results 1
- Connected speech processes (CSPs) account for sound modifications and simplifications in speech, while sociophonetics emphasises correlation between speech forms and social factors. Existing studies merely identified some CSPs that characterise Nigerian English (NE); studies that measure speakers' proximity to Standard British English (SBE) connected speech, especially in relation to social variation, are scarce. This study, therefore, investigated the incidence of assimilation, elision and liaison processes of SBE connected speech in NE with consideration for the region, gender and age of speakers. This is with a view to determining the level of NE speakers' approximation to or deviation from SBE. The study adopted generative phonology to explain NE speakers' application of or deviation from the SBE rules, and variability concept to show the correlation between CSPs and social factors. The participants, who ranged between ages 18-65, were 180 male and 180 female NE speakers with a minimum of 2-3 years post-secondary education. They were drawn, through stratified and purposive techniques, from four regions in Nigeria: north (120), west (80), east (80) and south-south (80). All participants produced semi-spontaneous speeches (SSS), containing 31 utterances and a short passage, into digital recording devices and filled 360 copies of a structured questionnaire. Two educated native speakers served as control. The recordings were transcribed and the scores analysed, using percentages, MANOVA and Bonferroni's Post-hoc test. Portions of the SSS of eight participants (representing the social variables) and one native speaker were analysed acoustically, using PRAAT speech analyser (version 5120). The overall incidence of the CSPs (assimilation, elision and liaison) of SBE for all categories of participants indicated 43.2% approximation and 56.8% deviation. However, incidence of each process varied. Three assimilation variants- regressive devoicing (99.2%), progressive devoicing (65.1%) and nasal assimilation (63.5%)- showed significant approximation to SBE, while four variants- progressive voicing (21.2%), voiceless alveolar stop assimilation (47.6%), voiced alveolar stop assimilation (3.2%) and yod coalescence (6.2%)- deviated significantly. Consonant elision, in all contexts, occurred significantly (61.5%), while the incidence of liaisonlinking /r/ (8.1%) and intrusive /r/ (2.9%)- was extremely low. The speech waveforms, formants structure and voicing bars on the participants' spectrograms, in most cases, displayed considerable deviation from SBE. In terms of social variation, the combined dependent variable (assimilation, elision and liaison) was significantly affected by gender (Pillai's Trace=0.07,F(3,342)=8.12,p<0.05,η2=0.07) and region (Pillai's Trace=0.11,F(9,1032)=4.29,p<0.05,η2=0.04), but not by age or their interactions. Gender had significant effect on elision F(1,344)=22.21;p<0.01,η2=0.06): males had higher mean performance (M=9.91;SD=2.84) than females (M=8.55;SD=2.58). Region was found to be significant in liaison F(3,344)=8.14;p<0.01,η2=0.07): Eastern participants (M=1.38;SD=1.44) had the highest mean score, followed by South-South (M=1.10;SD=1.22), Western (M=1.05;SD=1.16) and Northern participants (M=0.57;SD=0.94). The Bonferroni's Post-hoc results indicated that only Eastern and Northern participants differed significantly from each other. Nigerian English speakers' mastery of Standard British English connected speech processes, irrespective of gender and regional variation, manifested, overall, more deviation from than approximation to SBE. This suggests Nigerian English speakers' relatively low level of competence in Standard British English connected speech processes, and has implications for intelligibility 1 results 1
- Elision 1 results 1
- Gentrification in Lagos State 1 results 1
- Gentrification, a process of displacement of low-income households and businesses by high-income class, is a disconcerting feature of development in Lagos State. Previous studies on gentrification focused on physical transformations of built environment with little attention paid to its sociological processes. This study, therefore, adopted a sociological approach to investigate the social history, processes, drivers, patterns, costs, adaptive strategies and social relations of gentrification in Lagos State, Nigeria. Gentrification Interpretive Theory provided the framework, while the descriptive research design was adopted. Agege, Alimosho, Oshodi, Eti-Osa, Lagos Mainland and Lagos Island Local Government Areas (LGAs) were purposively selected due to their pervasiveness in gentrification. Primary data were collected using quantitative and qualitative instrumentations, while secondary data were obtained from official documents. Using systematic sampling technique, a total of 894 copies of questionnaire were administered to residents of gentrifying areas based on Cochran’s (1977) formula; 24 In-depth Interviews (four per LGA) were conducted among longtime and new residents, voluntarily displaced landlords and tenants; 24 Key Informant Interviews (four per LGA) were conducted with developers (one per LGA), estate agents (one per LGA), one official of Lagos State Urban Renewal Authority, and another from Lagos State Building Control Agency; six Focus Group Discussions (one per LGA) were held among religious leaders, and six Life Histories (one per LGA) were done among community leaders. The processes and patterns of gentrification were observed through non-participant observation. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-Square and Multiple linear regressions at p≤0.05, while qualitative data were content-analysed. The respondents’ age was 42.41±15.64 years; of whom 62.0% were males and 50.1% earned >N100,000 monthly. Gentrification was traced to the colonial era. It manifested in displacements of low income households and businesses by governments and wealthy individuals through private and government driven processes. The private processes entailed persuasion of poor landlords by gentrifiers through agents, and this was jointly predicted by education, age and income (Adj.R2 = 0.19, F (3, 891) = 73.29). The government-driven processes were characterised by disregard for court injunctions on the legality of occupancy of gentrifying areas. Influx and expansion of businesses (23.6%) and profit-seeking behaviour (34.0%) were generic and specific drivers of gentrification respectively, and these were significantly related to respondents’ income (χ2 =202.42), education (χ2 =237.78) and occupation (χ2 =234.32). While political and criminal gentrifications were new patterns of gentrification in Lagos, homelessness (10.3%) and high cost of living (27.2%) were the social and economic costs. Reliance on family and friends’ networks for support (41.2%) and use of refurbished containers (24.8%) were adaptive strategies adopted by displaced families and businesses. Remaining indigent original occupants of the gentrifying areas felt threatened by the arrival of gentry, causing deep sense of alienation. Gentrification processes adversely influenced social relations between low-income residents who have stayed long and the gentry, with grave implications for sustainable peace and development of urban Lagos. Inclusive social and economic policies that would alleviate poverty and meet housing needs in low-income areas of Lagos State should be formulated 1 results 1
- Health seeking behaviour 1 results 1
- Healthcare seeking behaviour among household members often depends on the decision-making structure and headship of the household. In Nigeria, the male is assumed to be de-facto head who takes daily socio-economic household decisions that relate to financial allocations. The implication of this is a possible gender bias in the decision-making and outcomes. While gender bias has been examined within households in Nigeria generally, its incidence and influence on healthcare needs, utilisation and spending have received little or no attention. This study, therefore, analysed gender patterns in household health expenditure allocation in Nigeria through the decision-making processes preceding the expenditure. A non-cooperative bargaining theory of household was applied. It permits individuals to control his or her resources while ensuring they contribute toward the welfare of other members. A combination of the Hurdle model and Engel curve approach was used. The Hurdle model involved healthcare needs, utilization, spending decision and healthcare (conditional) expenditure. The first three stages of the model were estimated through probit technique, while the last stage was estimated through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. The Engel curve (unconditional healthcare expenditure) was also estimated using OLS. The models were estimated at both household and individual levels. They were structured to take care of life-cycle implications of gender patterns by examining effects of age in years and age groups (0-9, 10-19, 20-39, 40-59 and 60+) on healthcare decisions. Data were drawn from the 2010 Harmonised Nigeria Living Standard Survey (HNLSS) conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). The survey covered 332,938 individuals drawn from 73,329 households in the six geo-political zones. Analyses were conducted nationally, for urban and rural households and data were analysed at p≤0.05. Significant differences in gender patterns of household health expenditure allocation were observed at both household and individual levels. Females reported a high incidence of illness (β=0.038), utilised more healthcare (β=0.038) and got more conditional health expenditure allocation (β=0.043). At the household level, female groups significantly exhibited more healthcare needs than their corresponding male groups, except in age 0-9 where males exhibited more needs. Also, a similar pro-female pattern was exhibited at utilisation and spending decision stages but different with the pattern of health expenditure. While more spending was allocated to male 0-9, and beyond age 19, the pattern was reversed as females got significant allocations more than their male counterparts at the adult life-cycle. Urban and rural households also followed the pro-female pattern. Generally, health expenditure increased at younger age, declined as individuals grew but later increased at old age. Expenditure by females increased more rapidly compared to males at old age. It was remarkable that females got more allocation than males in household health expenditure by age and location in Nigeria. Therefore, health expenditure allocation, particularly by government, should reflect this pattern and difference. 1 results 1
- Household health expenditure allocation 1 results 1
- Imitation 1 results 1
- Interpretive action 1 results 1
- Media violence 1 results 1
- Mycobacterium africanum, 1 results 1
- Mycobacterium senegalense, 1 results 1
- Nigerian English 1 results 1
- Non-cooperative bargaining 1 results 1
- Over the years, media violence and its effects on children’s health and aggressive behaviour remain a puzzle to be solved in many urban centres of developing world. At different ages, children due to their exposure, watch, sight-see, read, play and understand videos, television, magazines, videogames and films in different ways and as such, mimic behaviour from media especially when such behaviour is presented in a simple and instructional manner. This paper examines the kind of media device parents acquired for their children. It also assesses factors responsible for children aggression, and identifies the causal connection between media violence and how children unconsciously translate it to behaviour, as well as its health implication. The study adopts a survey research design where primary data were obtained through mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative techniques). The sample consists of 150 parents selected for questionnaire administration and two groups for Focus Group Discussion comprising of parents of both sexes. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were analyzed through thick description. The findings reveal that media violence has a great effect on children aggressive behaviour in particular and countless impacts on their health and our society at large. The most often cited reasons were parental role, Government influence, societal influence and peer influence in the exposure of children to violence. It concludes that children’s aggression in the contemporary times have taken a worrisome and complex dimension that could not be curtailed as this disrupts the process of socializing the children into the norms and values of society. Hence, the ways of curbing children’s aggressive behaviour range from the government regulation, media censor, parental control and counseling in schools to religious control. 1 results 1
- Probit technique 1 results 1
- Standard British English 1 results 1
- The low level of agricultural productivity in many countries of the Third world constitutes a drag on economic development. In any effort to break the deadlock technological change is sine qua non. “Aid” and “technical assistance” have proved generally disappointing as means of stimulating change increasingly, developing countries have become painfully aware that development has to be internally generated In this whole process scientific and technological research is of crucial significance. The organisation of agricultural research in Nigeria is examined and its impact on agricultural productivity evaluated. It is concluded that the performance of agricultural research has been generally poor. However there seems to be some notable exception. The phenomenal increase in cocoa output over the years has often been linked, among other factors, with the introduction of improved varieties and control of pests and diseases. There is thus some indication that cocoa research may have been productive in the past. But how significant has been the contribution of research to cocoa output? Can the value of such contribution vis-a-vis its costs stand the test of social profitability? This study attempts to estimate empirically the returns to investments in cocoa research in Nigeria. For this purpose two models are developed. The first is the index-number model in which the productivity index of improved cocoa varieties is used to measure the downward shifts in the long-run cocoa supply function as a way of estimating the annual values of resource "savings” resulting from increased productivity. The annual 'values of resource savings (representing the social returns) are then weighed against the costs in terms of annual research (including extension) expenditures. The estimated internal rate of return from the resulting cash flow is found to be very high. The second model is a production function incorporating research (including extension) expenditure as an explanatory variable. The result of regression analysis on time series data indicates a high level of significance for the research variable. Converting the research coefficient into an internal rate of return the result obtained corroborated that of the index-number approach. A major implication of the findings is that there has been gross under-investments in cocoa research in the past. It thus deserves a greater share of resources on grounds of allocative efficiency. Furthermore, given the high pay-offs from investments in cocoa research, it could serve as a model in terms of organizational structure, system of financing, staff recruitment and training policy, etc., thus providing valuable insights into more effective means of mobilising scarce resources for greater productivity in the lagging sectors of agricultural research. 1 results 1
- The risks of humans contracting bovine tuberculosis (BTB) and other mycobacterial infections abound in Nigeria. This could be attributed to the close association between farmers and cattle, unhealthy meat processing practices by butchers, consumption of unpasteurized milk and milk products, and poor knowledge of the disease. The circulating Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria in livestock workers and animals are largely unknown. Confirming the sources of exposure in humans will help to guide the direction of prevention and control of the diseases. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of tuberculosis and characterising the mycobacterial species in cattle, livestock workers as well as identifies risk factors associated with the infection in Oyo State. A cross-sectional study was conducted among cattle and livestock workers in the five local government areas (LGA) in Ibadan metropolis, Iwajowa, Ibarapa North, Kajola, Oyo West and Akinyele LGAs. These sites are characterised by cattle population and dairy activities.Fresh milk from 269 pastoral cattle; 295 cheese “wara”; 150 fermented milk “nunu”; 124 nasal secretions and 124 faecal samples of slaughtered cattle; with 93 sputum samples from livestock workers collected by multistage sampling were analysed for the presence of Mycobacterium species using conventional culture method, multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis-hsp65. Furthermore, a survey to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices with regards to BTB using pre-tested structured questionnaires was conducted on 124 livestock workers (Herdsmen = 42, Cattle traders = 42 and Butchers = 40) via multistage sampling technique. Data were analysed using chi square and odds ratio at P= 0.05 level of significance. Mycobacterium species were isolated from 8.3%, 0.3%, 5.7%, and 1.6% fresh milk samples, cheese, nasal swabs and faecal samples respectively then 2.2% from sputum. Multiplex PCR revealed five strains of M. africanum (fresh milk = 2; cheese = 1 and sputum = 2) and a high prevalence (86.8%) of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM): 24 from fresh milk, seven from nasal secretions and two from faeces. Diverse strains of NTM were also obtained (M. gordonae =16; M. fortuitum =12; M. senegalense =8; M. avium =1). Significant association was observed between isolation of mycobacteria and types of sample; with fresh unpasteurised milk being 26 times more likely to have mycobacteria isolated (OR: 26.2; 95% CI 3.5 – 195.7). Livestock workers were knowledgeable about BTB transmission, with their occupation significantly affecting their knowledge. However, most livestock workers (70%) consume unpasteurised milk, 30% of butchers consume raw meat, and all agreed to consumption, selling or sharing of suspected infected animal products to the public. The isolation of M. africanum and predominance of non-tuberculous mycobacteria highlight their significance in the epidemiology of tuberculosis. Also, the isolation of M. senegalense an emerging infectious agent in fresh milk and nasal secretion of cattle has been established. Public health enlightenment of livestock workers on risk of consuming unpasteurized milk or milk products, raw or undercooked meat and meat products and precautions when handling infected animals is recommended. 1 results 1
- The study was aimed at finding the relationship between land inheritance and agricultural development in Ondo division of Western State of Nigeria. Chapter one was devoted to the review of the economy of Western State, the requisites for agricultural development and the relationship between land inheritance and the requisites for agricultural development. The nature of our problem was considered in relation to the present mode of production, the rising population and the probable land shortage. Chapter two was devoted to the methodology and the setting of the thesis. Among others, it considered reasons for choosing Ondo division for a case study, the sources of data and their limitations. Chapter three considered land inheritance in theory and in practice. It reviewed the various meanings and interpretations of inheritance. Finally, we considered case studies of some selected countries. Chapter four was devoted to the analysis of the situation in Ondo division. It was divided into three sections. The first part discussed the inheritance pattern in Ondo division, the second part discussed agriculture and the third part related inheritance to agricultural development. Chapter five was devoted to the policy implication of the study. Our recommendations in this chapter include: (l) The imposition of death duties proportional to number of plots (2) Empowering local authorities to control the farms of those who die without wills. (3) That state farms organised as joint-stock companies should he introduced, where the government and farmers would he shareholder (4) That multi-cooperatives should he encouraged. (5) That individual ownership should he encouraged. Chapter six was devoted to the summary of the thesis. Major findings summarised in the chapter include (1) That land inheritance merely accentuates the process of fragmentation of holdings. Main causes were found to be the techniques of cultivation and safety in face of dangerous animals. (2) That the presence of the part-time farmers in farming, instead of being to the detriment of agriculture, is a blessing, since they bring innovation and capital to agriculture. However, in some cases, it leads to the growth of absentee landlordism. (3) That injection of capital and its efficient use in agriculture is impeded by aversion to borrowing, unwillingness to use inherited lands as collateral and the small sizes of farms. (4) That strangers though permitted in some cases to own farms, cannot decide to transfer their lands as they wish, (5) That consolidation of holdings may not be the answer to the fragmentation of holdings in this area, since in our situation, the farms to be consolidated involve cash-crops of varying ages. 1 results 1
- The study was designed to examine the pattern of undergraduate students' attitude to academic work in order to create insight into how they learn. A 23-item Attitude to Academic Work Scale (ATAWS) was administered to 348 undergraduates in three Universities- Ibadan, Ilorin and Olabisi Onabanjo. The findings revealed that undergraduates of both gender, are similar in their pattern of attitude to academic work in many ways, while the few areas of divergent attitudes are indications that the students need re-orientation of attitudes towards academic work. Nevertheless, these findings spell implications for the quality of socialization process that determine personality, the level of motivation and processing of academic information, as well as societal control of means of livelihood. Thus, it was suggested that major stakeholders in tertiary education in Nigeria, should put in place educational policies that are capable of improving the attitudes of Nigerian undergraduates to academic work. 1 results 1
- Urban centres 1 results 1
- Urban poverty 1 results 1
- livestock workers 1 results 1
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