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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- " The Aluminium Smelting Company, located in Ikot Abasi area, lies within the dominantly clastic rocks of the Benin Formation of the eastern Niger Delta. In order to evaluate the level of environmental contamination associated with this major industrial project, concentrations of trace elements and major elements in representative samples of soil, stream sediments and water in the vicinity of the industrial complex were determined by ICP-OES (for soil and stream sediments) and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) (for water). Samples from a control site, about 3km from the complex were also collected and analyzed for the same set of elements, Results revealed that concentrations of all the elements in the sampled materials were within background levels in comparison with those from the control site. The trace and major element variations show some slight decreasing concentration with increase distance from the factory site for mostly Pb, Zn Cu, Ni for the trace elements and Ca for the major element. There is no significant variation in the soil profile with depth for the elements. Generally, concentration of elements is in the order: Zn>Pb>Ni>Cu and Fe>Al>Ca>Mg>Na>K for the trace and major elements respectively. Computation of geo-accumulation index for the soils revealed no secondary enrichment. Application of R-mode factor analysis shows four groupings, reflecting lithological and environmental controls. The stream sediments show generally low concentrations that fall within the concentration range of sediments of similar provenance elsewhere. Metal concentration levels in the water show higher values for the surface water. Both hydrophysical and chemical parameters have slight elevated values when compared with the control and reflect a dominant geogenic source. Generally, they lie within the ambits of the World Health Organization (WHO) Standards of water quality and pose no threat to aquatic or human community. " 1 results 1
- "The Agbowo-Orogun area of Ibadan, which is within the basement complex of southwestern Nigeria, is underlained by banded gneiss of the migmatites-gneiss complex. A total of thirty-five water sample, made up of thirty-two from groundwater and three from surface water, were analyzed for their physico-chemical characteristics with the aim of assessing their quality and usability. Results of some physico-chemical parameters show average values of 8.61 pH; 749 49ps/cm EC; 218 50 mg/l TDS; 84.40 turbidity; 323.14 pt/co unit colour; 54.94 mg/l Na‘; 49.75mg/l Ca2*; 28.24mg/l Mg , 23 54 mg/l K*. 1 05 mg/l Fe* 229 14 mg/l HCO; 128.23 mg/l Cl'; 14 86mg/l NO3; 7.30mg/l SO<2; 4 60 mg/l PO<3 and 1 31 mg/l F Average values of total hardness (TH) and sodium absorption ratio are 230 68 mg/l and 1 95 respectively. The relative abundance of cations is in the order of Na*>Ca2*>Mg2*>K*>Fe2* while those of anions are; HC03'>Cr>N0j'>S0«2'>P042 --F R-mode factor analysis shows five factor loadings and bi-log plots of TDS versus Na*/ (Na* ♦ Ca2*) all indicate that the bulk of the chemistry of the water is modified by weathering of the associated rocks. Six water groups were identified, based on characterization using the pipor bilinear diagram These include; Ca- (Mg)-Na- HCO3, Ca-(Mg)-Na-CI-(SO<)-HC03, Ca-(Mg)-HC03, Ca-Mg-(S04>-HC03, Ca-(Mg)-SC>4 and Na-(K)-HC03 thus reflecting diverse effects of bedrock lithologies, base exchange processes, precipitation and weathering Both water sources are in general, slightly alkaline with low to medium sodium hazards The pH, Ca2* and SO42' are within tns permissible limits of WHO standard for both water sources. Concentrations of Na*, NO3 Cl', HCO3 conductivity and TDS are higher than maximum permissible limits for the surface water and may be attributed to anthropogenic effects However it can be observed that both the groundwater and surface water sources are suitable for agricultural purposes while the groundwater in particular, is acceptable for domestic uses. " 1 results 1
- Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting 1 results 1
- Adverse drug reaction (ADR) is poorly reported globally but more in developing countries with poor participation by health professionals. Currently, there is no known literature on the Nigerian pharmacy students’ knowledge on ADR reporting. Hence the purpose of this study was to find out the level of knowledge of pharmacy students on the concept of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting and also to evaluate their opinions on the National Pharmacovigilance Centre guidelines on adverse drug reaction reporting. A pretested 34-item semi-structured questionnaire was administered among 69 pharmacy undergraduate students in their penultimate and final years that consented to take part in the study, in one of the universities in Nigeria. The study was carried out strictly adhering to the principles outlined in the Helsinki declaration of 1964, which was revised in 1975. The questionnaire used had four sections which included a section on biographical data, a section which evaluated the students’ knowledge on the concept of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting, a section on students personal experiences of adverse drug reactions and modes of reporting them and the final section of the questionnaire evaluated the students’ opinions on the National Pharmacovigilance Centre guidelines for reporting adverse drug reactions. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis statistical tests were used to analyze the data obtained. None of the participants knew the sequence of reporting ADR. More than half, 40(58.0%) had heard about pharmacovigilance at symposiums, 7(10.1%) during clinical clerkship program and 18(26.1%) from media jingles. Twenty nine (42.0%) agreed that pharmacovigilance was in their curriculum, however only 16(23.2%) could define the term correctly. None of the participants had seen or used an ADR form prior to the study, but the students could easily identify and describe the type of ADR they had personally experienced in detail, however, they did not know the channel of reporting it. Only 3% reported incidences of personal experience of ADR to the physician while another 3% reported cases of such to the pharmacist. There was a significant difference comparing students’ year of study in the pharmacy program with their opinion scores on the National Pharmacovigilance Centre (NPC) guidelines on ADR reporting (p <0.05). The lack of pharmacovigilance and adverse drug reaction reporting courses in the pharmacy school curriculum result in the poor knowledge of the students on the concept of adverse drug reaction reporting, nonetheless the view and knowledge they had garnered from different sources helped the students in identifying and describing ADR but this is not enough in properly documenting cases of ADRs. Thus, the poor knowledge on ADR reporting among the students requires speedy implementation of new curriculum incorporating pharmacovigilance to enhance the involvement of pharmacists in ADR reporting in Nigeria. 1 results 1
- Afrocentric worldview 1 results 1
- Agbowo 1 results 1
- Allergic 1 results 1
- Anambra state 1 results 1
- Anthropogenic influence 1 results 1
- Antibiotic resistance genes 1 results 1
- Avian Influenza (AI) is a serious public health problem in Nigeria and Primary Health Care (PHC) workers have important roles to play in its control. However, their knowledge and practices relating to AI have not been fully investigated. This study was designed to determine the knowledge, perceptions and practices of PHC workers relating to AI prevention and control in Akinyele, Egbeda, Lagelu, Ido and Oluyole areas of Ibadan. A total population study was planned. However, only 515 of the 718 PHC workers in the LGAs consented to participate. A semi-structured questionnaire which included a 61- point knowledge scale and questions on perceptions and practices was used for data collection. Knowledge scores of 0-30, 31-45 and 46-61 were rated as poor, fair and good respectively. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and logistic regression with level of significance set at 0.05. The respondents comprised 32.6% Health Assistants (HAs), 30.7% Senior Community Health Extension Workers (SCHEWs), 12.2% Junior Community Health Extension Workers (JCHEWs), 11.8% Community Health Officers (CHOs), 10.7% nurses/midwives, 1.0% doctors and 1.0% pharmacists. Their mean age was 38.4 ± 8.7 years and 81.9% were females. All respondents had heard about AI, 49.5% were aware that its spread is facilitated by birds and 7.6% were aware that it could easily spread in health care centres. Sources of information about AI included radio (68.3%), television (66.8%) and professional peers (56.5%). Overall mean knowledge score was 37.2 ± 9.4. Mean knowledge scores for males and females were 39.8 ± 8.4 and 36.6 ± 9.6 respectively with a significant difference. Significant differences were also observed in the knowledge scores for different cadres: doctors 54.5 ± 2.1, pharmacists 41.2 ± 6.1, nurses/midwives 39.7 ± 6.9, CHOs 39.5 ± 7.7, SCHEWs 38.0 ± 7.9, JCHEWs 35.8 ± 11.8 and HAs 34.2 ± 11.4. Respondents with poor, fair and good knowledge scores of AI were 21.4%, 60.6% and 18.1% respectively. Consumption of infected birds/fowls (82.1%) was a major mode of transmission of AI to human populations mentioned by respondents. The correctly identified symptoms of AI included coughing (68.9%), shortness of breath (66.8%) and body temperature greater than 38ºC (63.3%). The correctly mentioned medications for managing AI were Tamiflu (11.1%) and Relenza (2.1%). Only 13.2% perceived themselves to be vulnerable to AI and 56.7% rightly perceived all age groups to be susceptible to it. Respondents with tertiary education were 6.0 times more likely to perceive AI to be serious than those with non-tertiary education (95% CI, 0.5-4.9). Preventive practices adopted by respondents against AI included wearing of gloves (92.2%), equipment sterilization (82.9%) and hand washing using water, soap and disinfectants (70.9%). Gaps in knowledge and misconceptions relating to vulnerability to avian influenza infection existed among the health workers. However, many of them adopted effective preventive measures. There is need for training to bridge the identified gaps. 1 results 1
- Avian influenza knowledge 1 results 1
- Background: Newborn hearing screening programs identifies newborns with hearing loss. The early identification enables prompt intervention through hearing rehabilitation. Accurate knowledge of the program and its benefit will impact on the uptake of the program by the citizenry. We hypothesized that there is a gap in the knowledge of parents on hearing screening and rehabilitation measures in Nigeria. Aim: To determine the knowledge and perceptions of mothers of newborn children on hearing screening. Methods: A cross sectional observational study among mothers of newborn children at immunization clinics. Semi structured questionnaire on gestational duration, mode of delivery, birth asphyxia, knowledge on hearing loss and newborn hearing screening were administered. Results: Participants were 48 mothers with age range from 18 to 42 years. Awareness of newborn hearing screening was poor among the mothers; sources of information on newborn hearing screening were antenatal clinic, mass media and friends. The educational level of the participants had no association with awareness (p = 0.11), but the willingness to accept newborn hearing screening, was associated with socioeconomic status (p = 0.04) and the level of education (p = 0.02). The participants were not aware of factors responsible for hearing loss in childhood. Conclusion: There is inadequate knowledge about newborn hearing screening and risk factors for infant hearing loss among the mothers, though they demonstrate willingness to accept the newborn hearing screening 1 results 1
- Biafra 1 results 1
- COMSOL multiphysics 1 results 1
- COVID-19 1 results 1
- COVID-19 pandemic 1 results 1
- Chinua Achebe 1 results 1
- Choral music 1 results 1
- Christian liturgy 1 results 1
- Community pharmacy 1 results 1
- Commuter threshold 1 results 1
- Conflict management strategies . 1 results 1
- Contemporary Nigerian novels 1 results 1
- Cultural knowledge 1 results 1
- Cultural nationalism 1 results 1
- Degradation agents 1 results 1
- Dental floss 1 results 1
- Distance Education Programme (DEP) was introduced in the 1970s by some Nigerian universities as an alternative mode to the conventional delivery. However, reports have shown that the programme has been bedevilled by low quality learning, unethical practices and mismatch between policy and practice. Previous studies focused on enrolment, retention and analyses of some factors for motivating distance learners with less attention paid to evolution, practices and challenges of the programmes. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the evolution, practices and challenges of the undergraduate DEP in dual-mode federal universities in South-Western Nigeria, 1974-2014. Cognitive Dissonance, Independent Study and Transactional Distance Learning theories provided the framework, while historical and descriptive survey methods were adopted. The DEP of the three accredited dual-mode federal universities in South-Western Nigeria were enumerated, namely University of Lagos Distance Learning Institute (DLI), University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre (DLC) and the Obafemi Awolowo University Centre for Distance Learning (CDL), Ile-Ife. Primary data included oral interviews with the centre / institute directors and archival materials of the National Universities Commission (NUC) and sampled institutions, while secondary sources included relevant textbooks, journal articles, bulletins, periodicals and unpublished Ph.D theses. Questionnaires were administered to the 77 tutors, 102 administrative staff and 959 distance learning students that were purposively selected based on their experience. Historical and descriptive methods were employed for data analyses The DEP began in 1974 with the establishment of the University of Lagos Correspondence and Open Studies Unit which eventually transmuted to DLI in 1997. The University of Ibadan External Studies Programme later changed to the Centre for External Studies in 1988 and became DLC in 2002, the same year the CDL was established in Ile-Ife. Although the institutions ran DEP on part-time basis between 2002-2009, accreditation of courses by the NUC in 2011 transited the programmes to full-fledged practice. The period 2009-2014 featured improved institutional commitment, better compliance with the NUC guidelines, general increase in enrolment and a reduction of face-to-face interactions. The DLI, DLC and CDL organised orientation programmes for new students and packaged instructions into tablets, but conducted interactive sessions respectively at weekends, week days and two weeks to examinations. The weighted mean across the centres / institute was high against > 2.50 threshold in term of Capacity Development (CD), Learner Support Services (LSS) and Quality Assurance (QA) respectively. The mean values of DLI, DLC and CDL on CD, LSS and QA are (2.98 + 0.75; 2.84 + 0.85; 3.35 + 0.83), (3.10 + 0.75; 2.89 + 0.74; 3.35 + 0.50 and (3.08 + 0.85; 2.92 + 0.87 3.41 + 0.90) respectively. Despite constraints of low internet bandwidths and erratic power supply in the Universities, the undergraduate DEP had transformed from correspondence to a technologically-driven mode. Within the four decades of existence, the undergraduate Distance Education Programmes in dual-mode federal universities in South-Western Nigeria had witnessed better regulatory framework and improved productivity in spite of infrastructural constraints. To enhance better practice of the programmes, all stakeholders should be more committed. 1 results 1
- Dual-mode Federal Universities in Nigeria 1 results 1
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