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The 1st all african post harvest congress & exhibition
Published 2014
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Efficacy of Oryza sativa husk and Quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)
Published 2014
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FRELIP Subject
Agroecological zones
1 results
1
Biopesticide
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Bularafa diatomaceous earth
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Dioscorea rotundata
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PICS bag
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Pathogens
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Piper guineense
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Post-harvest rot
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Stored product insect pests cause significant losses in maize in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Several-risks technologies are available for use as alternatives to convention insecticides in SSA, In the present study, conducted february -December 2016,efficacy of piper guineense, Bularafa diatomaceous earth (DE) PICS bags, ZeroFly bags and permethrin (Rambo) to preserve maize quality in nigerian market was assessed. A sixth treated was negative control comprising maize in untreated polypropylene bags, study locations were in four markets in ibadan. Oyo and ilorin towns, Each market had a storehouse (SH) which contained experimmental 100kg bags, in each SH each treatment had six bags were destructively sampled every four months, PICS bags were the most effective and had infestation levels of 0.54 live insects per kg of maize, infestation levels in the control were <53.15 psocide were prevalent during rainy season withb highest levels of 14.71 in the ZeroFly treatment in october. The facts that the highest infestation levels (53.15) were found in the control indicates the importance of insect pest management in SH. Based on data obtained, order of effectiveness of the treatment was PICS > bags ZeroFly bags, DE and P. guineense, which are reduced -risk measures for insect control can be incorporated in integrated management of stored product insect pest in SHs.
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Tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in Nigeria. The main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. The potential of Oryza sativa husk (OSH) and Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virulent rot-causing fungal pathogens, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium oxalicum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated, using five different extract concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% w/v. These fungi were isolated from rotted tubers of D. rotundata, across three agroecological zones in Nigeria—the Humid rainforest, Derived savanna, and southern Guinea savanna. All treatments were subjected to three methods of inoculation 48 hours before the application of both extracts and stored at 28 ± 2°C for 6 months. Radial mycelial growth of the test pathogens was effectively inhibited at concentrations < 3.5% w/v in vitro for both OSH and QP extracts. Rotting was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) to between 0 to 18.8% and 0% to 20.9% for OSH and QP extracts respectively. The extracts significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited percent rot of the test pathogens at 3.5% concentration w/v in vivo. Rot incidence was, however, lower in replicate tubers that were inoculated, treated with extracts and exposed than treatments that were covered. Phytochemical analysis of OSH and QP extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ferulic acid, phlobatanins, Terpenoids, phenols, anthraquinone and pyroligneous acid. The efficacy of both extracts in reducing rot in this study recommends their development as prospective biopesticide formulation and use in the management of post-harvest rot of yam tubers.
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reduced risk technology
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zerofly bag
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