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Investigating the vegetative development and yield of pecan by Dedekind, Ruben Egmund
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Pharmacokinetics and safety of first -- and second--line anti-- tuberculosis drugs in children by Thee, Stephanie
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Beers criteria 2 results 2
- Elderly 2 results 2
- Farming 2 results 2
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- Hospital pharmacists 2 results 2
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- The dominance of men in decision-making processes and leadership positions within the communities has made land allocation, land use, and control skewed in favour of men. This study examined the effects of women’s land rights on households’ food security status using a sample of 300 representative farmers. Descriptive statistics, household food expenditure, logistic regression, and ordered logit models were the analytical tools used. Results revealed that about 35% of the rural women farmers had land use rights while the remaining 65% had land ownership rights. Women with ownership rights were more food secure, with the majority of the women having residual rights, while only a few had sell rights. Secure women land rights are germane to achieving and sustaining household and national food security. Strategies and instruments for protecting women rights should be developed and implemented, while efforts geared towards designing strategies, assessing multiple dimensions of women empowerment for improved food security status, and welfare of the households should be intensified. 2 results 2
- Women 2 results 2
- households 2 results 2
- land rights 2 results 2
- "The concept of leadership style has been considered a relevant tool in business mangement as good leadership style drives-the success of an organization. It is only recently that the concept has been embraced in the education sector as a way of examining the behavior of principals vis-a-vis the success of tiie school they oversee. The school system is however been increasingly confronted with many complex problems, such as the seemingly or perceived falling standards of academic -achievement; increasing rates of indiscipline, examination malpractices, cultism and so on. These and other problems pose great challenges to school leadership and the resultant supervision of school, which keep the system constantly on track for the maintenance of standards. This study, thus investigated the extent to which principals' leadership style and the resultant quality of supervision determine academic success in ]SCE in Oyo state, Nigeria. It also investigated the extent to which the principals' demographic factors, such as age, gender, academic qualification and years of experience contribute to the students' academic achievement at the JSCE. Survey design wasused in the study. The JSSIII students during the years 2008-2010 constituted the population for the study. A sample of twelve schools whose principals had been there for at least three years, from each of the six educational zones in the state was purposively selected. A principal's questionnaire that measures the leadership style and quality of supervision was administered and JSCE results in English Language and Mathematics in those three years were obtained from the selected schools. Data were analysed by using mean, standard deviation, Pearson moment correlation and multiple regression. Results showed that principal's years of experience was positively related to students' success in JSCE, in both English language and Mathematics. The supervision by the principal was found to be predictive of students' success in JSCE in Mathematics only. In conclusion, there is bound to be improvement in acedemic achievement of students at the JSCE if quality supervision is enhanced and the principal is highly knowledgeable and experienced. The various levels of government should therefore ensure that quality supervision is enhanced in schools and qualified principals are at the helm of affairs." 1 results 1
- "Though the major target of the HIV-virus is the immune system, the frequency of abdominal disorders in HIV/AIDS patients has been reported to be second only to pulmonary disease. These abdominal manifestations may be on the increase as the use of antlretroviral therapy has increased life expectancy and improved quality of life. Ultrasonography is an easy to perform, non invasive, inexpensive and safe imaging technique that is invaluable in Africa where AIDS is most prevalent and where sophisticated diagnostic tools are not readily available. Purpose: To describe the findings and evaluate the clinical utility of abdominal uitrasonography in HIV?AIDS patients in Ibadan. Methods:A Prospective evaluation of the abdominal ultrasonography of 391 HIV-positive patients as well as 391 age and sex- matched HIV-negative patients were carried out at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.Results: Of the 391 cases studied, 260 (66.5%) were females; the mean age was 38.02 years, (range 15-66 years). The disease was most prevalent in the 4th decade with an incidence of 40.4%. Compared with the HIV-negative individual group of patients had a significantly higher proportion of splenomegaly (13.5% vs. 7.7%; p < 0.01), lymphadenopathy (2.0% vs. 1.3%; p < 0.70), and renal abnormalities (8.4% vs. 3.8%; p < 0.02). There were no differences in hepatic and pancreatic abnormalities between the HIV+ and HIV- groups. There were significantly fewer gallstones in the HIV+ group (1.4% vs. 5.1%; p < 0.01). Conclusion:AIDS is a multi-systemic disease and its demographic and clinical pattern remains the same globally. Ultrasond optimally suited for its clinical management especially in Africa. Its accuracy and sensitivity may be much improved with clinico-pathologic correlation which may not be readily available in developing countries; further studies may provide much needed diagnostic algorithms. " 1 results 1
- BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality caused by breast cancer can be decreased by early detection with breast self‑examination (BSE).The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and the factors determining the practice of BSE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 140 women aged above 18 years who presented consecutively in a General Outpatient’s clinic in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. This was the baseline study from an intervention study which looked at the effect of demonstration of BSE on improving Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) among two groups of respondents. Structured questionnaires were validated and administered by an interviewer and the data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12. RESULTS: The overall self-reported prevalence of BSE practice was 62.1% among the respondents. Older women (16, 76.2%), married women (63, 65.6%) and women with tertiary education (51, 68.9%) had the highest prevalence of BSE practice. Prevalence rate was highest for civil servant (25, 78.1%), P = 0.04. The practice of BSE was higher among women with a previous history of breast disease (15, 68.2%) and in respondents with a family history of breast disease (7, 63.6%), Only 11 (12.6%) performed BSE as per guidelines, which was once in a month. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of BSE was found to be high, especially in those with tertiary education and in those with a past personal or family history of breast disease. In resource‑constrained countries, BSE is a screening tool that can be employed to help reduce the breast cancer burden because routine mammography screening is not yet feasible. Women need to be informed about the when and how to perform BSE 1 results 1
- Background: In women health, ultasound is well established as a safe tool, and it is often the first imaging modality employed in the, screening, investigation and treatment of conditions in obstetrics and gynaecology. However, women's misconceptions about health issues, aetiology and treatment of diseases conditions may have negetive impact on thier health care seeking behaviour. Client's perspective of diagnosis including investigation process is therefore crucial in health care. This study aimed at finding out the misconceptions expressed by clients about ultrasound, and the potential predictors associated with this attitude among women in Nigeria. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among 3137 women who presented for transabdominal ultrasound scan between August and November 2010 in two referral hospitals in Nigeria. Data were obtained using a questionnaire. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed applying logistic regression analysis; predictors of misconceptions expressed by clients about ultrasoung, and misconception among women in Nigeria were identified using SPSS statistics (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL) version 17 software. Results: The mean age of the women was 33.8 years (standard deviation=7.0), with 88.8% currently married. More than half of the respondents had tertiary education (56.6%), followed by secondary school education (34.5%), primary education(7.8%) and no formal education (1.1%). There were 59 women who held the misconception that ultrasound was dangerous to health accounting for 1.9% of the study population. The reasons given by this group of women included; 'ultrasound can kill or destroys the body cells'(35.6%); 'it can cause cancer' (15.3%); 'the radiation is only dangerous to some organs of the body' (6.8%); 'it can harm or deform the fetus'(6.7%); 'it is only dangerous when exposure is frequent'(5.1%) and 'only dangerous when handled by unskilled medical personnel' (1.7%). Conclusion: This study provides insight to the wide range of issues about clients' perception and misconception regarding ultrasound safety. These issues have to be addressed to improve better compliance and patronage about ultrasound scans in Nigeria. We suggest that robust conseling sessions is imperative to address all the views and possible concerns of clients to improve better service delivery. 1 results 1
- Background: Inappropriate medication prescribing and dispensing by physicians and pharmacists is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Signifying the importance of healthcare professionals’ knowledge of potentially inappropriate prescribing tools/ guidelines which would improve overall health outcomes. Beers Criteria is one of the most used guidelines that list specifc potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study aimed to investigate physicians’ and hospital pharmacists’ awareness, knowledge, practice, confdence, and barriers to the use of Beers criteria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 66 hospital pharmacists and 31 family medicine physi cians working in a teaching hospital in Nigeria, between May and September 2021 using a self-administered ques tionnaire. Knowledge of PIMs was assessed using 11 clinical vignettes based on the 2019 Beers Criteria. Practice behavior towards elderly patients was assessed using a 5-item statement with a 5-point Likert scale. Perceived barriers to the appropriate use of Beers Criteria were assessed using a 15-item statement. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 66 hospital pharmacists and 31 family medicine physicians participated in the study. Only (24; 36.4%) pharmacists and (4; 12.9%) physicians knew guidelines that listed specifc PIMs. In all (21; 31.8%) pharmacists and (11; 35.4%) physicians demonstrated good knowledge of Beers Criteria, while most pharmacists (55; 83.3%) and physicians (29; 93.5%) reported good practice when dealing with elderly patients in terms of asking relevant ques tions and considering their ages while dispensing medications. Knowledge scores were not signifcantly associated with hospital pharmacists’ socio-demographics. Most of the physicians and pharmacists were confdent in the care provided for geriatric patients. The majority (66; 100.0%) pharmacists and (28; 93.5%) physicians suggested training through seminar presentations as a measure to improve the use of Beers’ criteria. Lack of time to counsel patients was a major barrier recounted by both physicians and pharmacists. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals that participated in this study had satisfactory practice, although a gap in the knowledge of hospital pharmacists and family medicine physicians was noted. In addition to creating aware ness among healthcare professionals and training on PIMs and Beers’ criteria, a multidisciplinary approach to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing and dispensing would greatly help reduce the incidence of potentially inappro priate medication use among elderly patients. 1 results 1
- Background: Inappropriate medication prescribing and dispensing by physicians and pharmacists is a preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Signifying the importance of healthcare professionals’ knowledge of potentially inappropriate prescribing tools/ guidelines which would improve overall health outcomes. Beers Criteria is one of the most used guidelines that list specific potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs). This study aimed to investigate physicians’ and hospital pharmacists’ awareness, knowledge, practice, confidence, and barriers to the use of Beers criteria. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 66 hospital pharmacists and 31 family medicine physicians working in a teaching hospital in Nigeria, between May and September 2021 using a self-administered questionnaire. Knowledge of PIMs was assessed using 11 clinical vignettes based on the 2019 Beers Criteria. Practice behavior towards elderly patients was assessed using a 5-item statement with a 5-point Likert scale. Perceived barriers to the appropriate use of Beers Criteria were assessed using a 15-item statement. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: A total of 66 hospital pharmacists and 31 family medicine physicians participated in the study. Only (24;36.4%) pharmacists and (4; 12.9%) physicians knew guidelines that listed specific PIMs. In all (21; 31.8%) pharmacists and (11; 35.4%) physicians demonstrated good knowledge of Beers Criteria, while most pharmacists (55; 83.3%) and physicians (29; 93.5%) reported good practice when dealing with elderly patients in terms of asking relevant questions and considering their ages while dispensing medications. Knowledge scores were not significantly associated with hospital pharmacists’ socio-demographics. Most of the physicians and pharmacists were confident in the care provided for geriatric patients. The majority (66; 100.0%) pharmacists and (28; 93.5%) physicians suggested training through seminar presentations as a measure to improve the use of Beers’ criteria. Lack of time to counsel patients was a major barrier recounted by both physicians and pharmacists. CONCLUSION: Healthcare professionals that participated in this study had satisfactory practice, although a gap in the knowledge of hospital pharmacists and family medicine physicians was noted. In addition to creating awareness among healthcare professionals and training on PIMs and Beers’ criteria, a multidisciplinary approach to reduce potentially inappropriate prescribing and dispensing would greatly help reduce the incidence of potentially inappropriate medication use among elderly patients. 1 results 1
- Background: Tuberculosis is the world’s deadliest infectious disease and a leading cause of death in Nigeria. The availability of a functional healthcare system is critical for effective TB service delivery and attainment of national and global targets. This study was designed to assess readiness for TB service delivery in Oyo and Anambra states of Nigeria. Methods: This was a facility-based study with a mixed-methods convergent parallel design. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 42 primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare facilities in two TB high burden states. Data were collected using key informant interviews, a semi-structured instrument adapted from the WHO Service. Availability and Readiness Assessment tool and facility observation using a checklist. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Data from both sources were integrated to generate conclusions. Results: The domain score for basic amenities in both states was 48.8%; 47.0% in Anambra and 50.8% in Oyo state with 95% confidence interval [− 15.29, 7.56]. In Oyo, only half of the facilities (50%) had access to constant power supply compared to 72.7% in Anambra state. The overall general service readiness index for both states was 69.2% with Oyo state having a higher value (73.3%) compared to Anambra with 65.4% (p = 0.56). The domain score for availability of staff and TB guidelines was 57.1% for both states with 95% confidence interval [− 13.8, 14.4]. Indicators of this domain with very low values were staff training for the management of HIV and TB co-infection and training on MDR -TB. Almost half (47.6%) of the facilities experienced a stock out of TB drugs in the 3 months preceding the study. The overall tuberculosis-specific service readiness index for both states was 75%; this was higher in Oyo (76.5%) than Anambra state (73.6%) (p = 0.14). Qualitative data revealed areas of deficiencies for TB service delivery such as inadequate infrastructure, poor staffing, and gaps with continuing education on TB management. Conclusions: The weak health system remains a challenge and there must be concerted actions and funding by the government and donors to improve the TB healthcare systems. 1 results 1
- Breast self‑examination 1 results 1
- Cancer screening 1 results 1
- Chronic periodontal disease is important in the aetiology of various life‑threatening systemic diseases. Its surveillance using self‑report questionnaire has become necessary due to the disadvantages associated with its surveillance using clinical examination methods. The aim is to determine the validity of periodontal disease surveillance self‑report questionnaire in a Nigerian population. A representative sample of 250 consecutive adults, attending the dental clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan, were interviewed and clinically examined using a periodontal disease self‑report questionnaire, and community periodontal index of treatment need (CPITN), index as a gold standard. Tooth mobility and gingival recession were also assessed. The data were analysed using SPSS version 15 and OpenEpi module for performance evaluation of a diagnostic test. Validity was determined using receiver operating characteristic curve, the sum of sensitivity and specificity as well as the sum of positive and negative predictive values. The mean age of the study participants was 40.9 ± 16.3 years where the males accounted for 48.9%. It demonstrated low sensitivity, high specificity and low diagnostic accuracy with receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.6. The sum of sensitivity and specificity as well as the sum of positive and negative predictive values were below 120. Only 21.7% reported they had the periodontal disease as compared to 87% diagnosed cases using the clinically based examination method (CPITN index). The periodontal disease self‑report questionnaire demonstrated low validity in the study group as many people who had periodontal disease were missed. Development of a questionnaire tool adapted specifically for this environment is hereby recommended 1 results 1
- Communication Strategy 1 results 1
- Concrete-Representational-Abstract Instruction 1 results 1
- Conflict-sensitive journalism 1 results 1
- Explicit Instruction 1 results 1
- Family history 1 results 1
- Harvesting schedule 1 results 1
- Health systems 1 results 1
- Health workers 1 results 1
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