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Learning for change : youth and niche environments in food system transitions by Metelerkamp, Luke
Published 2018Get full text
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- Economic development aims at improving the wellbeing and quality of life of a community by creating and/or retaining jobs, supporting or growing incomes and the tax base. Free trade policies which create a high level of competition in the open market are necessary aids for economic development. On its part, Antitrust is a statutory and jurisprudential provision, through which public authorities preserve general welfare by preventing firms from limiting competition, creating monopolies, and charging excessive prices for their products. It aims to ensure the existence of competitive markets and guarantees that firms operating in the free market economy do not restrict or distort competition in a way to prevent the market from functioning optimally. From the foregoing, this paper examined the Nigerian antitrust regime and its import in the economic advancement of the Nigerian economy. The paper found that in developing countries including Nigeria, there is a paucity of antitrust legislation designed to protect consumers, promote free trade and commerce, and prevent unwholesome and unethical trade practices. With a well operated antitrust framework, Nigeria s economic growth will accelerate and gain better stability as well as increase consumer protection. 2 results 2
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- "Background: The World Health Organization’s Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, enforced in 2005, was a watershed international treaty that stipulated requirements for signatories to govern the production, sale, distribution, advertisement, and taxation of tobacco to reduce its impact on health. This paper describes the timelines, context, key actors, and strategies in the development and implementation of the treaty and describes how six sub-Saharan countries responded to its call for action on tobacco control. Methods: A multi-country policy review using case study design was conducted in Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Malawi, South Africa, and Togo. All documents related to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and individual country implementation of tobacco policies were reviewed, and key informant interviews related to the countries’ development and implementation of tobacco policies were conducted. Results: Multiple stakeholders, including academics and activists, led a concerted effort for more than 10 years to push the WHO treaty forward despite counter-marketing from the tobacco industry. Once the treaty was enacted, Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria, Malawi, South Africa, and Togo responded in unique ways to implement tobacco policies, with differences associated with the country’s socio-economic context, priorities of country leaders, industry presence, and choice of strategies. All the study countries except Malawi have acceded to and ratified the WHO tobacco treaty and implemented tobacco control policy. Conclusions: The WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control provided an unprecedented opportunity for global action against the public health effects of tobacco including non-communicable diseases. Reviewing how six sub-Saharan countries responded to the treaty to mobilize resources and implement tobacco control policies has provided insight for how to utilise international regulations and commitments to accelerate policy impact on the prevention of non-communicable diseases." 1 results 1
- "In May 1988, the World Health Assembly resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis globally by the year 2000. Despite the reported success in national immunization days, acute flaccid paralysis surveillance and accelerated efforts to meet the deadline including ‘mopping-up’ were executed in 1999 and subsequent years. Nigeria remains one of the major reservoirs for wild poliovirus transmission. Neutralizing antibody titre to the three poliovirus serotypes was determined among children from different communities in southwest of Nigeria, and analysed by age, gender and location. About 0.5–2 ml of blood sample was collected by venepuncture from each child. Aliquot of serum from each blood sample was inactivated prior to neutralization test by the beta method for poliovirus antibodies. A total of 347(59.6 per cent) out of 500 and 82 children enrolled for the study had at least antibody titre of 1:8 against each of the three poliovirus serotypes. Immunity level to the three poliovirus serotypes increased with age and peaked in children aged 4–6 years. Seven (53.8 per cent) out of 13 unvaccinated children tested in the study had detectable neutralizing antibody to the three serotypes. Immunity pattern of P2`P1 and P3 was observed but no correlation between gender and antibody to the poliovirus serotypes.The populations had 59.6 per cent herd immunity for the three poliovirus serotypes. In a country with high incidence of poliomyelitis this situation leaves a high number of non-immunized children at the risk of infection with one or more poliovirus serotypes." 1 results 1
- "Information technology 1 results 1
- "Many engineering applications involve the problem of a dynamic loading property which is often hard to track and critical in design analysis. The winch-lift design learning software developed in this work incorporates the graphical display of dynamic loading on the cable or rope of the winch lift within the first seconds of its operation. The learning software allows the user to generate a profile of this load and its acceleration against time in order to obtain the maximum value of the load to be borne by the whole unit. This feature is underplayed in most engineering software which usually uses the static total nominal load for simplicity. The overall program flow is in three sections based on the software architecture. They are the study, practice and the assessment sessions. At the validation stage, the results generated were compared with those obtained by numerical procedures in literature. The results were in the same range with differences in values of the order 0.1%. In conclusion, a learning software for exploring motorized winch systems has been developed in this work. " 1 results 1
- "The bouncing ball problem has proved to be an important phenomenon in engineering applications involving vibro-transportation and vibratory feeder systems. In this paper, the dynamics of a bouncing ball falling consecutively on an accelerating lift tabletop is studied. Using simulation, it is established that the dynamic interaction of accelerating lift tabletop constrained to one-dimensional motion on which the ball is bouncing is fractal. The acceleration of the lift table top was varied gradually as a percentage of acceleration due to gravity over one thousand steps while the number of bounces-off made by the bouncing ball before the lift table top covered a fall distance of 10.000 m was recorded graphically. Similarly, every lift tabletop acceleration has the set of bounce-off height of the bouncing ball recorded graphically, and taken to be one third of height of fall. The number of bounce off drastically dropped to about zero when the acceleration of the lift tabletop was 40% of acceleration due to gravity. The graphical presentation of the ball bounce off height has normal distribution shape with fractal detail. This study showed that two objects, initially at different heights, falling under gravity, maintain separating heights for the period of their fall. The equation governing the dynamics of the bouncing ball and the lift tabletop are of quadratic type but the ball bounce off height graphical results contain fractal details. " 1 results 1
- A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12® 1 results 1
- A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12®. 1 results 1
- ASME 1 results 1
- Accelerated and natural weathering of bagasse reinforced cement composite filled with rice ash pozollan used as roofing sheets were studied. In this paper, the durability of natural fibers such as sugarcane bagasse used as roofing sheets has been reported by conducting an experimental investigation. This investigation includes determination of mechanical strength properties such as compressive, tensile, modulus of rupture and flexural properties of the roof once every 3 months for a period of 8 years under alternate wetting and drying conditions and was exposed to ultraviolet light for the same period. The 8 years study showed no significant difference in the strength and sorption properties for the treated bagasse at 2% CaCl2 and the 20% replacement of cement with rice husk ash. This confirms that treated bagasse cement composite is suitable for both external and internal construction purposes. 1 results 1
- Accelerated sustainable development built on Rostow's take-off theory of economic development sets the stage in grassroots development in any community. This, in our stance, was significantly supported by the use of appropriate village technology. This paper, therefore argues that, although the overriding objective of the millennium development goals is reduction of poverty in all its forms, as well as the attainment of social -well-being, much attention has not been paid to the development of indigenous knowledge in this drive. Consequently, this discourse, examined the re-engineering of appropriate village technology as advanced by indigenous knowledge base on rural education for sustainable community development in Africa. Lessons, challenges and options were advanced for policy decision and implementation. 1 results 1
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