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The future of Nigerian university system
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The future of Nigerian university system
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Hydraulic, textural and geochemical characteristics of the Ajali Formation, Anambra Basin, Nigeria: implication for groundwater quality
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EFFICACY OF COGNITIVE REHABILITATION THERAPY ON POST-STROKE DEPRESSION AMONG SURVIVORS OF FIRST STROKE ATTACK IN IBADAN, NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 7 results 7
- Histopathology 3 results 3
- Access 2 results 2
- Antioxidants 2 results 2
- Asejire Lake 2 results 2
- Background: The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set out to determine the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of Nigerian surgery residents to HIV infection and AIDS. Methods: A self-administered postal questionnaire was sent to all surgery trainees in Nigeria in 1997. Results: Parenteral exposure to patients' blood was reported as occurring 92.5% times, and most respondents assessed their risk of becoming infected with HIV as being moderate at 1-5%. The majority of the respondents were not aware of the CDC guidelines on universal precautions against blood-borne pathogens. Most support a policy of routinely testing all surgical patients for HIV infection but 76.8% work in centers where there is no policy on parenteral exposure to patients' blood and body fluids. Most (85.6%) do not routinely use all the protective measures advocated for the reduction of transmission of blood borne pathogens during surgery, with the majority ascribing this to non-availability. Most want surgeons to be the primary formulators of policy on HIV and surgery while not completely excluding other stakeholders. Conclusions: The study demonstrates the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees in 1997 and the need for policy guidelines to manage all aspects of the healthcare worker (HCW), patients, and HIV/AIDS interaction. 2 results 2
- Brain 2 results 2
- Cadmium chloride 2 results 2
- Chlorpyrifos 2 results 2
- Cholinergic System 2 results 2
- Clarias gariepinus 2 results 2
- Cobalt (Co) toxicity has been reported to produce central nervous system and gastrointestinal abnormalities. This study assessed the therapeutic effect of cholecalciferol (Cho) supplementation against damages caused by sub-acute (14-day) cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exposure in the brain and intestines. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I (control) received no treatment; Group II received oral CoCl2 (100 mg/kg) only; Groups III, IV, and V received 1000, 3000 and 6000 IU/kg of cholecalciferol, respectively by oral gavage, and concurrently with CoCl2. Cobalt-treated rats showed neuronal vacuolation and presence of pyknotic nuclei in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, depletion of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, as well as inflammation and congestion in the intestinal mucosa. Cobalt also increased brain and intestinal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, while simultaneously reducing glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Further, CoCl2 induced increases in brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and serum zonulin (ZO-1) levels. Conversely, Cho administration suppressed CoCl2-induced damages in the brain and intestines by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Remarkably, Cho produced stimulation of brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and suppression of AchE activity, along with dose-dependent reduction in serum levels of ZO-1, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (iFABP) and nitric oxide. In conclusion, the protective role of cholecalciferol against cobalt-induced toxicity occurred via modulation of cholinergic, intestinal permeability and antioxidant pathways. The results may prove significant in the context of the role of gut-brain connections in neuroprotection. 2 results 2
- Cobalt chloride 2 results 2
- Community pharmacists 2 results 2
- DNA damage 2 results 2
- Equity 2 results 2
- Funding 2 results 2
- Germ and somatic cell mutation 2 results 2
- Haematology 2 results 2
- Harmful traditional practices (HTPs) are discretionary social challenges facing mostly girls and women of all ages and sizes. Wherever it occurs, HTPS rob girls and women of their childhood, deny them the chance to determine their own future as well as threaten the well-being of individuals, families and societies. Previous study have worked on various interventions such interagency statement on eliminating female genital mutilation, global strategy efforts and lots more. None of these studies have been able to analyse harmful traditional practices in south Nigeria vis-a-vis recent progress in its reduction, pending challenges and lessons for policy engagements, hence this study did a re-assessment of the state of things in terms of its reduction efforts, pending challenges, lessons, effects and plausible solutions to htps for policy engagements. The study adopted a mixed methods research design of the explanatory type (qua! + QUAN). The study deployed a two-prong approach in which focus group discussion sessions were conducted and thematically analysed to design the quantitative instrument. The population of the study comprised all elders who are 50 years and above. The multi-stage sampling procedure was adopted. The first stage was the total enumeration of states in southwest Nigeria. The random sampling technique was used to select 18 Local government areas (One per Senatorial District) in SW, Nigeria. From each of the LGAs, 35 participants who are 50 years and above were purposively selected. A self-designed instrument titled Questionnaire on Harmful Traditional Practices (QHTPs, r=0.82) with sub-scales was used. It was also translated in local dialect for easy understanding and responses. The study which began in 2019 and due to covid_ 19 pandemic lasted two and half years. Recent progress have been made, some challenges have been discovered which are epistemic understanding; lack of focus on prevention and imperatives for ministers to pursue short-term solutions; lack of continuity of programmes meant to dismantle htps. and few lessons have been learnt It is recommended that through education, collaborative engagements and seminars, the reduction efforts of harmful traditional practices in southwestern Nigeria can be achieved holistically. 2 results 2
- Intestinal Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 2 results 2
- Intestines 2 results 2
- Leadership 2 results 2
- Metal oxide nanoparticles 2 results 2
- Obesity 2 results 2
- Over the years, Community Development seems to have treated social relations and responsibilities using Top-Bottom approach. Due to the problems associated with the approach over time, a refined participatory approach emerged to bye-pass problems such as project abandonment, corruption, alienation and non sustainability of projects under the Top-Bottom Policy and Practice. In this new approach of Community Driven Development (CCD), stakeholders, especially at the grassroots, are called upon to take their destiny in their own hands beginning from needs assessment to that of project implementation, launching, utilization and sustenance of project. In addition, its Community Empowerment orientation has a built-in internally driven and Community Based Monitoring and Evaluation. This is to ensure full-scale empowerment and total ownership of the Development process by the grassroots. Following this approach several questions emerge. Specifically, how feasible is the Community Based Monitoring and Evaluation (CBM&E) process under the ongoing Community based poverty Reduction Projects in Nigeria within the backdrop of the failed top-bottom practice which developed the attitude of apathy to development projects amongst the grassroots especially in Nigeria? Drawing from the pilot experiences in some communities currently drawing from the social fund of the World Bank under the CBPRP in Nigeria, this paper sees hope in the process and suggests a greater investment in it. This is not only based on the empowerment process in itself, but also that, in the process; is the capability to banish the culture of silence and its ability to engender higher involvement and ultimate sustainability of projects especially by the poorest of the poor. 2 results 2
- Poverty reduction 2 results 2
- Smoking cessation 2 results 2
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles are components of personal care products whose continuous release into the environment may enhance co-exposure, with potential risks to the ecosystem. In vitro studies have shown their potential to induce genetic damage. However, there is dearth of information on in vivo induction of DNA and systemic damage, alongside their interactive effects. This study was designed to investigate genetic and systemic toxicity and mechanism of DNA damage by TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles and their mixture in mice. Male Swiss mice (=24.0±2.0g; n=80; 6-8 weeks old) were intraperitoneally exposed to distilled water (Control) and 9.4, 18.8, 37.5, 75.0 and 150.0 mg/kg concentrations of each of the nanoparticles and their mixture (1:1) for 5 days (5 mice/group) to assess micronucleus induction and cytomorphological abnormalities in the bone marrow of mice. Haematological parameters [Haemoglobin, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) and White Blood Cell (WBC) counts] were assessed following standard procedures. Mechanism of DNA damage was evaluated by oxidative stress [Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced Glutathione and Malondialdehyde in the liver and kidney] parameters following standard methods. Sperm count, motility, abnormalities and concentrations of Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Testosterone were evaluated in another group of mice (=30.0±2.0g; n=80; 11-15 weeks old), intraperitoneally exposed with the same nanoparticle concentrations (5 mice/group) at 35-day exposure. Liver, kidney and testis were sectioned for histopathological analysis. The Interaction Factor (IF) of nanoparticle mixture was calculated according to standard method. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. The nanoparticles and mixture induced micronuclei, but significant only for TiO2 (16.8±2.1-53.3±18.5) compared with the control (3.7±0.9). Blebbed, target, hyperchromic and hypochromic erythrocytes were the observed cytomorphological anomalies. The mixture exerted a significant reduction only in the WBC count. In the liver, there was a significant decrease in SOD (unit/mg protein) activities (1.3-1.5; 1.4-2.0; and 1.2-1.6 fold for TiO2, ZnO and mixture, respectively), with increase in Malondialdehyde (nmol/mg protein) levels (1.1-1.7; 1.2-1.8; and 1.7-1.7 fold for TiO2, ZnO and mixture, respectively). In the kidney, there were significant alterations in SOD: 1.2-1.3; and 1.1-1.4 fold decrease for TiO2 and ZnO, respectively; and 1.3-2.0 fold increase for the mixture. While Malondialdehyde levels increased (1.2-1.4; 1.4-1.6; and 1.7-1.9 fold for TiO2, ZnO and mixture, respectively). Both organs showed alterations in reduced Glutathione levels (1.0-1.5 fold decrease for TiO2; 1.0-1.1 fold increase for ZnO and mixture) indicating systemic toxicity. A significant decrease in sperm count and motility; and increase in abnormalities (1.3-8.0; 1.2-2.6; 4.6-12.1 fold for TiO2, ZnO and mixture, respectively), with a concomitant decrease in the serum level of LH and increase in FSH and Testosterone were observed. Hepatocellular and spermatogenic cell necrosis and degeneration of tubular epithelial cells were observed. The IF indicated synergism. Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles and their mixture induced genomic and systemic damage in somatic and germ cells of mice; with the mixture synergistically evoking the highest toxic response. Oxidative stress might be one of the mechanisms of cytogenotoxicity. 2 results 2
- Tobacco harm reduction 2 results 2
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