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A fitness landscape-integrated metaheuristic selection & configuration framework for binary programming problems. by Van der Westhuyzen, Nathan Jan
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Computer literacy 2 results 2
- "A new method on machined surface finish quality characterization using fractal analysis is proposed. This seems to be an improvement on Olaosebikan's spectral analysis index method for surface finish assessment. Mathematical model based on disk count-Monte Carlo approach is developed' and tested with simulated results from computer programme written in Fortran. Test cases Involve five-finished machine surfaces (work pieces) that are ranked based on fractal dimensions obtained for the respective machined surface spectral trace. The work pieces, made using different machining operations (milling, grinding, etc.), have their quality of finishing described as a function of the machine operation that! each work piece passes through. The respective spectral fractal dimensions of six fractal images (A, B, C, D, E and F) were then obtained. The conjecture is that the ranked results will agree with ranking obtained by both CLA and spectral index methods. Contrarily, the ranked results disagreed with both CLA and spectral trace results. The new method seems superior to both CLA and spectral trace approaches since a higher accuracy and much less computation time is observed. The maximum percentage relative absolute difference is 13.1 %, and the computation time is as short as 3 minutes. " 1 results 1
- Agricultural information 1 results 1
- Animation and video-based flipped classroom strategies 1 results 1
- Availability of information on improved technologies is an important ingredient for agricultural development. However, Nigerian women farmers have low access to technological information. The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) among these women in accessing information on improved agricultural practices has not been adequately explored. Use of ICTs among women farmers in north-eastern Nigeria was assessed in this study. Adamawa and Bauchi were randomly selected from the six states in north-eastern Nigeria. All the seven Agricultural development Programme (ADP) zones in the two states were included in the sample. Twenty five percent of Women-in-Agriculture units of the ADP extension blocks in each zone were selected and 15% of women in each unit were randomly sampled. A total of 359 respondents, made up of 172 and 187 from Adamawa and Bauchi States respectively, were selected. Interview schedule was used to collect information on respondents‟ characteristics and benefits. Social participation, awareness and attitude were assessed and categorised on point scales thus: low (0-11.4), high (11.5-39.0); low (0-5.9), high (6.0-10); and unfavourable (37.0-60.0), favourable (61-79) respectively. The use of old ICTs (radio, television, telephone, video, extension bulletin and newspaper) and new ICTs (mobile phone, computer, internet and CD-ROM) were also assessed. Data were analysed, using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, correlation, t-test, and logit regression (p=0.05) Married respondents constituted 86.6% and the mean age was 41.0 ± 12.6 years. Christians were 65.1%, Muslims in seclusion were 32.9% and 52.0% attained primary education. Most respondents (64.3%) practised mixed farming, with mean farm size of 3.4 ± 2.7 ha; 93.0% cultivated cereals and 58.5% raised poultry. Also, 57.7% had low social participation score (0.0-11.4) and 99.0% were aware of ICTs. Majority of the respondents benefitted from access to information on fertiliser sources and application (75.8%), credits, grants and loans (71.5%), child care and nutrition (67.1%), market prices and location (65.5%), crop pests; diseases and control (63.5%). The most commonly used old ICTs were radio (92.8%) and television (59.6%), while the most commonly used new ICT was the mobile phone (59.3%). Fifty-two percent had unfavourable attitude (0.0-60.0) towards the use of ICTs. Use of ICTs was significantly related to residence location (χ2=0.12), seclusion status (0.44) and education (0.10). It was also significantly related to social participation (r=0.47), cosmopoliteness (0.19), awareness (0.65) and attitude (0.32). Mean awareness of old ICTs (4.1±1.9) was significantly higher than of new ICTs (1.7±1.3). Mean use of old ICTs (14.8±11.3), its use among non-secluded (21.5±6.8) and among urban respondents 4(23.1±16.6) were significantly higher than mean use of new ICTs (4.8 ±3.2), its use among secluded (15.7 ±9.3) and among rural respondents (19.2±12.4). Education, social participation, awareness of ICTs, cosmopoliteness and residence location had likelihood of increasing the use of ICTs by 0.03, 0.01, 0.46, 0.04 and 0.09 respectively Women farmers in north-eastern Nigeria had high awareness of ICTs and used them in accessing agricultural and other livelihood information. However, the unfavourable attitude and low awareness and use of new ICTs need to be addressed to increase the potential to deliver agricultural information to women farmers. 1 results 1
- Biology is a compulsory subject for pre-degree science students in Nigerian universities; however, a decline in students’ performance in practical biology has been observed. Previous studies focused on strategies of teaching practical biology with little attention on animation and video-based flipped strategies. This study, therefore, determined the effects of Animation-based Flipped Classroom Strategy (AFCS) and Video-based Flipped Classroom Strategy (VFCS) on pre-degree students learning outcomes (achievement in, attitude to and practical skills) in practical biology in Southwestern Nigeria. The moderating effects of gender and computer self-efficacy were also examined. Constructivist social learning theory provided the framework, while the pretest-posttest control group quasi-experimental of 3x3x2 factorial matrix was adopted. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 174 pre-degree students (69 males, 105 females) from three state universities (Adekunle Ajasin,Tai Solarin and Osun State) offering pre-degree programme. The universities were selected based on availability of functional Science laboratories. Participants were assigned into AFCS (71), VFCS (51) and control (52) groups, while treatment lasted eight weeks. Instruments used were Biology Practical Achievement Test (r=0.82), Students Attitude to Biology Questionnaire (r=0.73), Biology Practical Rating Skill Scale (r=0.81), Computer Self-efficacy Questionnaire (r=0.88) and instructional guides. Data were analysed using Analysis of covariance and Scheffe post-hoc test at 0.05 level of significance. There were significant main effect of treatments on achievement (F(2,155) =4.08, partial η2 = 0.05), attitude (F(2,155) = 2.93,partial η2 = 0.04) and practical skills (F(2,155) = 23.90, partial η2 = 0.24) in practical Biology. Students in the AFCS had the highest achievement mean score (23.48) followed by VFCS (21.05) and the control (19.11) groups. There was a significant main effect of gender on students’ Achievement (F(1,155) = 4.08, partial η2 = .03). While the female participants scored the higher mean score (22.60) than their male (19.83) counterparts. There was a significant two-way interaction effects of treatment and gender on students’ practical skills in Biology (F(2,155) = 4.10, partial η2 = 0.05), in favour of female students in the animation-based group. There were no three-way interaction effects of treatment, gender and computer self-efficacy on students’ learning outcomes in practical Biology. Animation and video-based flipped strategies were effective in improving pre-degree students’ achievement, practical skills and attitude to practical Biology in Southwestern Nigeria. There is the need to adopt these strategies for teaching pre-degree Biology students. 1 results 1
- Clinical examination is crucial to assess competencies of nursing students in the delivery of quality nursing care. Globally, Traditional Practical Examination (TPE) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) are the methods of clinical assessments in Nursing. The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN) had always used TPE for clinical examinations. The NMCN adopted OSCE for midwifery two decades ago while the examination in general nursing remains TPE. There is dearth of information on the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in assessing students in general nursing. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in the assessment of clinical competencies of nursing students in Southwestern Nigeria. The study utilised quasi-experimental design among nursing students. Using a ballot system, two out of the sixteen hospital-based and two out of the five university-based nursing programmes were selected. The four schools participated in OSCE and TPE. The two programmes have similar curricula for nursing clinical procedures. Out of the 186 nursing students selected, 100 were second year hospital-based (51 students in Wesley Guild School of Nursing, Ilesa and 49 students in School of Nursing, Akure) while 86 were 300 level university-based (36 students in the Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan and 50 students in the Department of Nursing, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo). Data were obtained using adapted and validated instruments: Traditional Practical Examination Instrument (TPEI), Objective Structured Clinical Examination Instruments (OSCEIs) and Students’ Demographic and Perception Questionnaires (SDPQ). Pre-test was administered to the students to obtain the baseline data after which clinical teaching of selected nursing procedures were taught to all students for four weeks. The TPE (post-test I) was conducted at fifth week while OSCE (post-test II) was conducted at sixth week. The means of the performance scores in OSCE and TPE were computed while competency data were obtained by grouping performance scores into two levels of competencies: fairly competent (50.0%-59.9%) and very competent (60.0% and above). The SDPQ was used to collect data on students’ preference and perception of the two examination formats. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Students t-test, Chi-square test and ANOVA at α0.05. Age of respondents was 21.5±3.8 years. At baseline, the mean of students’ performance score was 53.3±3.7. There was a significant difference between the mean scores obtained at baseline and the two practical examination formats: pre-test 53.3±3.7, OSCE(post-test II) 64.6±5.2, TPE (post-test I) 59.3±2.9. More respondents were very competent in OSCE (80.1%) compared to TPE (45.7%). Perception of Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Traditional Practical Examination revealed: consumed less time (53.0% versus 48.0%); more objective (52.1% versus 47.9%); assessed wider range of learned materials (54.4% versus 45.6%); less destabilizing during practical sessions (53.5% versus 46.5%) less stressful (56.1% versus 44.0%). Lastly, 56.8% of respondents preferred OSCE while 43.2% preferred TPE. Objective Structured Clinical Examination was more effective in assessing competency of nursing students. 1 results 1
- Clinical teaching 1 results 1
- Computers enhance the process of understanding when used for teaching and learning. This made the Nigerian Government to introduce computer studies into the basic education curriculum. However, the content and activities in the computer basic curriculum are centred mostly around browsing and clicking and not on programming as many believed that programming is for adults. This study, therefore, developed a Language of Graphics Orientation (LOGO) instructional package and investigated its impact on primary school pupils’ competence in LOGO. It also examined the influence of age, gender, computer literacy and school type on competence in the programme. The study adopted one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A 20-module instructional package was developed based on Kerr’s model of curriculum development. Three hundred and forty-nine pupils aged 5, 6, 7 and 8years and eight computer studies teachers purposively drawn from two private and two public primary schools participated in the study. Five instruments were used: Achievement Test in LOGO (r =0.70), Teachers’ Perception Scale on LOGO, (r = 0.89), Challenges of Package Usage Scale (r =0.72), Utilization Scale for Package (r = 0.75) and Computer Literacy Scale (r = 0.75). Five research questions were answered and five hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance. The LOGO instructional package was validated in a pilot study; results showed that the package had a good face and content validity which was measured in terms of coverage, sequence and appropriateness for the pupils as perceived by their teachers. Teachers’ perception during the process of development in terms of conceptualisation was 0.8, identification of basic objectives 0.7, designing of package 0.7, try-out 0.7, revision 0.7 and teacher training 0.7. The instructional package was appropriate for pupils’ age 1.0, presentation of illustrations 0.9 and content sequence 1.0. The difference in the pupils’ pretest (x = 4.10) and posttest (x = 27.88) competence mean scores in LOGO was significant (t = 53.56; df = 348; p <0.05). There was significant effect of age on pupils competence in LOGO (F(3,345) = 45.94 p 0.05). Pupils aged 8years had highest mean competence score (x = 34.20) followed by those of age 7 (x =29.71), 6 (x = 26.96) and 5 (x = 20.53). There was no significant effect of gender on pupils’ competence. Furthermore, there was significant effect of computer literacy on pupils’ competence (t=8.26 df= 347 p 0.05) in favour of pupils with high level of computer literacy (x = 31.54). There was significant effect of school type on pupils’ competence (t = 8.13 df = 347 p 0.05) with private school pupils obtaining higher mean score (x = 31.56) than public school pupils (x = 24.38). The developed Language of Graphics Orientation instructional package enhanced the competence of primary school pupils in computer programming irrespective of age, computer literacy level and school type. It is therefore recommended that LOGO should be included in computer studies curriculum for primary schools as from age six. 1 results 1
- Development and Utilization of LOGO 1 results 1
- ICT facilities 1 results 1
- Information and Communication Technologies 1 results 1
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) serves as a motivational tool that is capable of influencing the interest of students towards school subjects. In realisation of this, the Federal Government of Nigeria integrated the teaching of computer education in the basic education programme and provided ICT facilities to facilitate its teaching and learning in schools. In spite of these government provisions, the ICT facilities provided in schools are still not adequate. School Net Nigeria (SNNG) a non- governmental organisation provided schools with varieties of ICT facilities for teaching and learning. Meanwhile, the influence of ICT facilities on students’ learning outcomes is yet to be fully realised. This study therefore, examined the extent to which the access, utilisation and quality of the SNNG facilities could predict the students’ learning outcomes (achievement, competence in and attitudes towards) in ICT. The study adopted a survey research design. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the schools involved in the study. The sample consisted of 1100 students (male = 562, female =538) and 20 principals (male = 12, female=8) from 20 schools in four States (Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun and Ondo). Eight instruments were used for data collection; School Checklist, Principals Questionnaire (= 0.62); Students Access to ICT Rating Scale ( =0.65); Students’ Utilisation of ICT Rating Scale ( = 0.65); Students’ Assessment of Quality of ICT Rating Scale (= 0.60); Students’ Achievement in ICT Test (K-R20 = 0.72); Students’ Attitudes to the Use of ICT ( = 0.77) and Students’ Skill acquisition in ICT Test ( = 0.70). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The students (95%) and principal (100%) had access and utilised SNNG facilities. As a measure of quality, the rate of replacement was 8%, repair was 0.7% and service was 0.5 % on the SNNG facilities. There was a significant composite effect of access, utilisation and quality of SNNG facilities on achievement in ICT (F (8, 1091) = 13.98, p<0.05) and skill acquisition (F (8, 1091) = 7.74, p<0.05). There was no significant composite effect of access, utilisation and quality of SNNG facilities on attitudes towards ICT use. The most important predictors of achievement (1) and skill acquisition (2) were access to computer (1=3.29, 2 =0.75), quality Internet ( 1 =1.31, 2 = 0.72) and hours the students spent on Internet to do homework ( 1 =3.38, 2 =0.58) all at p= 0.05. Students’ access, utilisation and quality of SNNG facilities increased achievement and skill acquisition in ICT. Therefore, there is need to maintain the quality of SNNG facilities in the existing schools and extend its provision to other schools. 1 results 1
- Instructional Programme 1 results 1
- Learning outcomes 1 results 1
- Nigeria 1 results 1
- Nursing students’ perception 1 results 1
- Nursing students’ performance 1 results 1
- Postgraduates 1 results 1
- Practical examination formats 1 results 1
- Pre-degree students 1 results 1
- SchoolNet Nigeria 1 results 1
- The paper discussed the computer system features, users' application programmes and packages. Computer system application to educational measurement using Scorbatt programme with reference to case study on achievement test (multiple choice test items) was discussed. 1 results 1
- The quality of Nigerian graduates has continued to be a major concern to stakeholders in education. The prevalence of half baked graduates from tertiary institutions in Nigeria has led to astronomical increase in the unemployed graduates in the society. In order to curb the menace of unemployment among graduates in Nigeria, some tertiary institutions have integrated the teaching and learning of vocational and entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme into their regular academic programme. This study investigated tutors and trainees' perception of the effectiveness of the vocational and entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme in Ogun State tertiary institutions. The subjects of the study included trainees and vocational tutors. 534 randomly selected trainees and 58 tutors from two tertiary institutions in Ogun State who offer vocational and entrepreneurial skill acquisition programme were used for the study. The study utilizes questionnaires and a rating scale as instruments to gather data from the trainees and tutors. The obtained data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics (mean, standard deviation and t-test). The study revealed that financial resources disbursed for the effectiveness of the programme were found to be moderately adequate and utilized. It was also revealed that there is a statistical significant difference in trainees' skill acquisition in computer-science/maintenance, livestock poultry management and fashion designing since the inception of the programme. However, the study revealed that the human resources available for the programme are not adequate. Some of the recommendations made were that more tutors and non-teaching staff should be employed, faulty or worn-out facilities/equipment should be repaired or replaced and financial resources allocated to the vocational department should be reviewed upward and monitored to ensure purposeful and judicious use of such. 1 results 1
- The studies were designed to collect baseline information to form essential data base for effective planning and subsequent evaluation of guineaworm control programme in Oyo State. In order to establish the epidemiology of dracunculiasis and assess the impact of the disease on the economic life of the affected population, pretested questionnaire data sheets were administered to 2,415 individuals and 257 heads of household in eight different villages in Oyo State. The data analysis was done by using analysis of variance and coefficient of determination and multiple range tests, using the IBM computer, utilizing the SPSSH package. The survey of concurrent parasitic diseases was carried out in one village by examining faecal and blood samples of 287 individuals. The antibiogram and profile of bacteria associated with secondary infection was determined. Simple methods of chemical, biological and physical control of guineaworm vector under laboratory conditions were described. Of 2,415 individuals examined in eight villages of Oyo State in 1988, 76.9 per cent had history of dracunculiasis while the infection rate at the time of study was 47.9 per cent. There was no significant difference in the infection rate between the sexes. However, the risk of infection increased with age. Infection occurs at any age above 1 year and reinfection is common, indicating that on clinical grounds, no protective immunity is developed after infection. There was a general awareness by individuals that they were infected before the formation of the guineaworm bleb. Mean percentage of 18.9 ± 1 had the sympoms in 1 day. The sites of guineaworm emergence differ significantly for each victim (P < 0.05), and no anatomical part of the body was apparently exempted with regard to worm emergence. Majority of the affected people (a mean per cent of 54 ± 6.7) became clinically ill in the dry season; and also a mean per cent of 54.3 ± 2.3 suffered severe infection. 5 - 8 weeks was the most frequently occuring period of incapacitation. 54.5% of the victims had no form of assistance on the farm during the period of incapacitation. Majority of the heads of household held various wrong beliefs of causes and prevention of the diesease. 82 ± 3.6 per cent attributed the cause of guineaworm to the act of God and that there was no remedy for it. Only 6.53 per cent treated the drinking water before consumption. The disease has an adverse impact on agriculture, while an average of 20 - 41 per cent of the pupils were absent from school with attendant poor academic performances. Of 487 samples examined for concurrent parasitic disease 278 (57.1 per cent) were infected with one parasitic disease or the other: Ascariasis (43.7%), hook-worm disease (27.1%), strongyloidiasis (2.5%), trichuriasis (31%), Entamoeba histolvtical infection (3.9%) and plasmodiasis (43.7%). The haematocrit value of the individuals in the community was generally low (26 - 30%) whilst eosinophilia was a common feature. The health implication was discussed. Klebsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., Proteus sp. and Staphylococcus aureus were common bacterial agents isolated from guinea worm ulcers. The phage types of Staph, aureus (the commonest agents) isolated were resistant to both penicilline and tetracycline. The epidemiological importance of the various phage types was discussed. The ecology of the environment where the copepod intermediate hosts breed and transmit racunculiasis was described and discussed. Cyclopoid copepods died within 60 minutes when the ironment was manipulated to 24.6mg/l. oxidizable organic matter concentration from the natural average value of 12.5mg/l. It was shown that cyclopoid copepods became inactive at 4 - 6°C in 4 hours and later regained activity in 15 minutes at room temperature. The study showed that ponds in a study area had the highest density of cylops in November/December (1988) and lowest density in July/August (1988) with natural cyclops infection rate of 6.5% at the peak of transmission. It was also shown that the concentration of cyclops was greatest when water was drawn at the time the pond water was still and undisturbed, especially with the first caller at the pond, with attendant higher risk of infection. The study also revealed that population mobility occasioned by marriage, socio-cultural and economic life of the people contributed to the diffusion and control of the disease. A variety of chemicals found in natrual waters, or used in the treatment of water were added to pond water and their effects on the survival of the cyclopoid copepods were assessed. The possible use of such chemicals as calcium hypochlorite, potassium permanganate, lime, etc., in individual houses as a preventive measure against the transmission of the disease was discussed. Furthermore, the study revealed that indigenous fishes like Hemicromis fasciatus. Barbus occidentalis. Tilapia nilotica and T. galilea; were very useful biological control agents of the vector of Dracunculus. It is believed that provision of safe drinking water and good health education with active case search to monitor the intervention programme will reduce the disease prevalence. 1 results 1
- This study assessed the effectiveness of the Federal Road Safty Commission public education programme in improving drivers' habit/behaviour on Nigerian road and highways. Multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting subjects, which consist of 210 commercial vehicle drivers. Two instruments developed and validated by the researcher were administered on the drivers. Cronbach Alpha and Scot-pie formula were used to compute the reliability coefficients of the instruments were determined using factor analysis. Data collected were analysed using factor analysis. Data collected were analysed using percentages, t-test and ANOVA. Some of the research questions were tested at 0.05 level of significance. The result showed that the programme has imporved commercial vehicle drivers' habit/behaviour on roads and also, that there was significant difference in the road traffic behaviour of drivers based on state basis (t=9.99, df,208). The study equally revealed a significant difference in the behaviour of drivers based on driving experience (F4,205 p<0.05=2.795). It was therefore recommended that the Federal road safety commission should intesify their efforts in enlightenment campaign in order to inculcate good traffic culture in drivers with regard to the laws guiding road usage as well as enforce the traffic rules without fear or favour 1 results 1
- This study investigated how computer literacy predisposes postgraduate students to use e-resources. The survey research design and multi-stage sampling technique were used to select 2726 postgraduate students from 16 Nigerian universities. A questionnaire and computer test was used to collect data and data was analysed using percentages and Pearson’s product moment correlation. The postgraduates’ computer literacy level was average (56.3%). They used only few of the e-resources in their libraries and the frequency of usage was low (weighted average X = 2.45). Computer literacy had positive relationship with postgraduates’ usage of e-resources that was positive, very strong and significant (r= .740; df=2284; p< .05). This shows that the more the postgraduates’ are exposed to computer literacy skills, the better the use of e resources for their researches. Computer literacy is necessary to influence use of e-resources by the postgraduates’ and therefore, computer literacy programme should be introduced for new entrant postgraduates. 1 results 1
- University libraries 1 results 1
- Use of e-resources 1 results 1
- Women farmers 1 results 1
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