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A qualitative model of evolutionary algorithms by Fagan, Francois
Published 2014Get full text
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- Administrative Effectiveness, 1 results 1
- Clinical examination is crucial to assess competencies of nursing students in the delivery of quality nursing care. Globally, Traditional Practical Examination (TPE) and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) are the methods of clinical assessments in Nursing. The Nursing and Midwifery Council of Nigeria (NMCN) had always used TPE for clinical examinations. The NMCN adopted OSCE for midwifery two decades ago while the examination in general nursing remains TPE. There is dearth of information on the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in assessing students in general nursing. The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of OSCE and TPE in the assessment of clinical competencies of nursing students in Southwestern Nigeria. The study utilised quasi-experimental design among nursing students. Using a ballot system, two out of the sixteen hospital-based and two out of the five university-based nursing programmes were selected. The four schools participated in OSCE and TPE. The two programmes have similar curricula for nursing clinical procedures. Out of the 186 nursing students selected, 100 were second year hospital-based (51 students in Wesley Guild School of Nursing, Ilesa and 49 students in School of Nursing, Akure) while 86 were 300 level university-based (36 students in the Department of Nursing, University of Ibadan and 50 students in the Department of Nursing, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Osogbo). Data were obtained using adapted and validated instruments: Traditional Practical Examination Instrument (TPEI), Objective Structured Clinical Examination Instruments (OSCEIs) and Students’ Demographic and Perception Questionnaires (SDPQ). Pre-test was administered to the students to obtain the baseline data after which clinical teaching of selected nursing procedures were taught to all students for four weeks. The TPE (post-test I) was conducted at fifth week while OSCE (post-test II) was conducted at sixth week. The means of the performance scores in OSCE and TPE were computed while competency data were obtained by grouping performance scores into two levels of competencies: fairly competent (50.0%-59.9%) and very competent (60.0% and above). The SDPQ was used to collect data on students’ preference and perception of the two examination formats. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Students t-test, Chi-square test and ANOVA at α0.05. Age of respondents was 21.5±3.8 years. At baseline, the mean of students’ performance score was 53.3±3.7. There was a significant difference between the mean scores obtained at baseline and the two practical examination formats: pre-test 53.3±3.7, OSCE(post-test II) 64.6±5.2, TPE (post-test I) 59.3±2.9. More respondents were very competent in OSCE (80.1%) compared to TPE (45.7%). Perception of Objective Structured Clinical Examination and Traditional Practical Examination revealed: consumed less time (53.0% versus 48.0%); more objective (52.1% versus 47.9%); assessed wider range of learned materials (54.4% versus 45.6%); less destabilizing during practical sessions (53.5% versus 46.5%) less stressful (56.1% versus 44.0%). Lastly, 56.8% of respondents preferred OSCE while 43.2% preferred TPE. Objective Structured Clinical Examination was more effective in assessing competency of nursing students. 1 results 1
- Clinical teaching 1 results 1
- Cognitive Ability 1 results 1
- Computer literacy 1 results 1
- Computers enhance the process of understanding when used for teaching and learning. This made the Nigerian Government to introduce computer studies into the basic education curriculum. However, the content and activities in the computer basic curriculum are centred mostly around browsing and clicking and not on programming as many believed that programming is for adults. This study, therefore, developed a Language of Graphics Orientation (LOGO) instructional package and investigated its impact on primary school pupils’ competence in LOGO. It also examined the influence of age, gender, computer literacy and school type on competence in the programme. The study adopted one group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design. A 20-module instructional package was developed based on Kerr’s model of curriculum development. Three hundred and forty-nine pupils aged 5, 6, 7 and 8years and eight computer studies teachers purposively drawn from two private and two public primary schools participated in the study. Five instruments were used: Achievement Test in LOGO (r =0.70), Teachers’ Perception Scale on LOGO, (r = 0.89), Challenges of Package Usage Scale (r =0.72), Utilization Scale for Package (r = 0.75) and Computer Literacy Scale (r = 0.75). Five research questions were answered and five hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test and analysis of variance. The LOGO instructional package was validated in a pilot study; results showed that the package had a good face and content validity which was measured in terms of coverage, sequence and appropriateness for the pupils as perceived by their teachers. Teachers’ perception during the process of development in terms of conceptualisation was 0.8, identification of basic objectives 0.7, designing of package 0.7, try-out 0.7, revision 0.7 and teacher training 0.7. The instructional package was appropriate for pupils’ age 1.0, presentation of illustrations 0.9 and content sequence 1.0. The difference in the pupils’ pretest (x = 4.10) and posttest (x = 27.88) competence mean scores in LOGO was significant (t = 53.56; df = 348; p <0.05). There was significant effect of age on pupils competence in LOGO (F(3,345) = 45.94 p 0.05). Pupils aged 8years had highest mean competence score (x = 34.20) followed by those of age 7 (x =29.71), 6 (x = 26.96) and 5 (x = 20.53). There was no significant effect of gender on pupils’ competence. Furthermore, there was significant effect of computer literacy on pupils’ competence (t=8.26 df= 347 p 0.05) in favour of pupils with high level of computer literacy (x = 31.54). There was significant effect of school type on pupils’ competence (t = 8.13 df = 347 p 0.05) with private school pupils obtaining higher mean score (x = 31.56) than public school pupils (x = 24.38). The developed Language of Graphics Orientation instructional package enhanced the competence of primary school pupils in computer programming irrespective of age, computer literacy level and school type. It is therefore recommended that LOGO should be included in computer studies curriculum for primary schools as from age six. 1 results 1
- Development and Utilization of LOGO 1 results 1
- Distance Learning programmes would simply become impossible tasks without information and communication technologies (ICTs) as well as internet based instructional strategies. These programmes are characterized by learner- centredness, life-long learning, independent learning and recognition of prior learning. Although, the University of Ibadan Distance Learning Centre (UIDLC) is well known for the use of ICTs, more advanced technologies are not prevalent feature of the programmes. This study therefore assessed the level of utilisation of ICTs and internet facilities in the University of Ibadan Distance Learning programmes with respect to their availability and adequacy. The Input- Process- Output evaluation model was employed to guide the study. A sample of 200 participants, selected through multistage sampling procedure was involved in the study. Three research questions guided the study. One validated instrument was used to collect data and its reliability index was 0.86. Data was analyzed using frequency counts and percentages. In terms of availability, usability and adequacy of Information and Communication Technologies: Radio programme service 147(73.5%); Overhead projector 105(52.5%); Video tapes 147(73.5%); Audio tapes 119(59.5%);Computers 145(72.5%); Internet facilities 175(87.5%) and Electronic board 118(59%) were available and in use in the programme, while Interactive television programme service 13(6.5%); Fibre optics 59(29.5%) and Electricity supply were in short supply in the programme. The distance learning institution (UIDLC) is striving to make use of ICTs and Internet facilities on its programmes. However, impact of ICTs goes wider than just the structure and presentation of courses, it must also aim at improving teaching-learning resources, staff capacity development, learner support services, and increase the number of courses available to prospective candidates in order to position distance education in Nigeria for global competitiveness. 1 results 1
- Distance learning 1 results 1
- Entrepreneurial skills are recognized as veritable tools for reducing youth unemployment in Nigeria. However, for it to produce required effects, the extent to which such skills are sustainably used must be ascertained. This study therefore investigated the sustained utilisation of acquired entrepreneurial skills among youth in Southwestern Nigeria from the perspective of National Directorate of Employment. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select 163 respondents for the study from Ogun and Osun States. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results show that respondents had training on poultry production (17.1%), grasscutter production (11.6%) and trading (9.2%) among others. Also 32.5% of the participants did not diversify into any activity while others diversified into activities such as okada riding, trading, sales of recharge cards, barbing, farming, and computer operator while some also got job. Almost all the participants (99.3%) completed the training, about 88.9% were given take off grant or materials and 96.9% had been able to put the learnt skill to use. Sustained utilisation of acquired NDE entrepreneurial skills was high (73.4%). The study concluded that NDE entrepreneurial skills are sustainably used. It is recommended that the sustainably used components of NDE activities be developed as a package and adapted by organisations engaging in similar training programme. 1 results 1
- ICT facilities 1 results 1
- Information Resources 1 results 1
- Information and Communication Technologies 1 results 1
- Information and Communication Technology (ICT) serves as a motivational tool that is capable of influencing the interest of students towards school subjects. In realisation of this, the Federal Government of Nigeria integrated the teaching of computer education in the basic education programme and provided ICT facilities to facilitate its teaching and learning in schools. In spite of these government provisions, the ICT facilities provided in schools are still not adequate. School Net Nigeria (SNNG) a non- governmental organisation provided schools with varieties of ICT facilities for teaching and learning. Meanwhile, the influence of ICT facilities on students’ learning outcomes is yet to be fully realised. This study therefore, examined the extent to which the access, utilisation and quality of the SNNG facilities could predict the students’ learning outcomes (achievement, competence in and attitudes towards) in ICT. The study adopted a survey research design. Multistage sampling technique was used to select the schools involved in the study. The sample consisted of 1100 students (male = 562, female =538) and 20 principals (male = 12, female=8) from 20 schools in four States (Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun and Ondo). Eight instruments were used for data collection; School Checklist, Principals Questionnaire (= 0.62); Students Access to ICT Rating Scale ( =0.65); Students’ Utilisation of ICT Rating Scale ( = 0.65); Students’ Assessment of Quality of ICT Rating Scale (= 0.60); Students’ Achievement in ICT Test (K-R20 = 0.72); Students’ Attitudes to the Use of ICT ( = 0.77) and Students’ Skill acquisition in ICT Test ( = 0.70). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The students (95%) and principal (100%) had access and utilised SNNG facilities. As a measure of quality, the rate of replacement was 8%, repair was 0.7% and service was 0.5 % on the SNNG facilities. There was a significant composite effect of access, utilisation and quality of SNNG facilities on achievement in ICT (F (8, 1091) = 13.98, p<0.05) and skill acquisition (F (8, 1091) = 7.74, p<0.05). There was no significant composite effect of access, utilisation and quality of SNNG facilities on attitudes towards ICT use. The most important predictors of achievement (1) and skill acquisition (2) were access to computer (1=3.29, 2 =0.75), quality Internet ( 1 =1.31, 2 = 0.72) and hours the students spent on Internet to do homework ( 1 =3.38, 2 =0.58) all at p= 0.05. Students’ access, utilisation and quality of SNNG facilities increased achievement and skill acquisition in ICT. Therefore, there is need to maintain the quality of SNNG facilities in the existing schools and extend its provision to other schools. 1 results 1
- Information and communication technology (ICT), Utilization, Awareness. 1 results 1
- Instructional Programme 1 results 1
- Internet Based facilities 1 results 1
- Learning outcomes 1 results 1
- Library 1 results 1
- Nursing students’ perception 1 results 1
- Nursing students’ performance 1 results 1
- Practical examination formats 1 results 1
- Safety practices and performance in a brewery industry in Nigeria was evaluated for a period of eight years between 2000 - 2007 using the principles of statistical expectation and efficiency index. The number of prevented accidents and the corresponding values of lives and property saved were estimated annually for the same period of eight years. The type of input resource, total number of input resources, total number or prevented accidents by class, the unit cost of each of the accident class, the cost of input resources, quantity of each type of input resources and the targeted period were identified. The study revealed that a total of 156 accidents were prevented in the period of the safety programme which translates to an average of 19.45 per year. The safety programme also saved lives and property worth N20.2 million for the eight year period which is at an average of N2.5 million annually. The computation of efficiency indices due to the use of all the input resources when compared with the standard period and it was discovered that all the resources were well utilised. The significance and benefits of the work to the local community and other industries is that the principles of statistical expectation and efficiency index can be easily applied to analyse the performance of safety programme in the industries. 1 results 1
- SchoolNet Nigeria 1 results 1
- Senior Officers 1 results 1
- Sustained utilisation||Entrepreneurial skill||NDE||Youth 1 results 1
- The main objective of the study is to investigate the effects of cognitive ability, accessibility and utilisation of library information resources on administrative effectiveness of senior officers in local governments in Ibadan metropolis. Total enumeration was used for the study because of the small size of the population of the senior officers in eleven local government areas in Ibadan metropolis. A total sample size of 234 was used. The questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analysed using frequency distribution and regression analysis run on Statistical Package for Social Sciences(SPSS).The findings revealed that respondents generally have access to information resources.Larger proportion of the senior officers 161(73.2%) affirmed that local government authority organised training programme for effective administration. The most potent factors was types of information utilized (a = .484, p<0.05) followed by accessibility to information (a = 0.302, p<05), cognitive ability of Senior Officer ((a = 0.19, p < 0.05) and sources of information utilization (a= 0.086, p < 0.05). Correlation between administrative effectiveness of senior officers is also significant (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) while limited number of computers 115(52.3%), poor power supply 125(56.8%), unavailability of resource 136(61.8%) and lack of funds 102(46.4%>) were the major problems hindering administrative effectiveness.The study concluded that library and information professionals should know more about how senior officers in local government make use of information resources for effective administration and to guide the provision of information services in local governments. 1 results 1
- This paper assesses the level of awareness and extent of utilisation of information and communication tools by library personnel in the Nimbe Adedipe Library, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State. It investigates the pattern of usage, the perceived benefit and constrains of ICT tools utilization in the library. A researcher- designed structured questionnaire and interview was used to gather data. The sample population consisted of 42 library personnel drawn from the main campus library, college libraries and mini campus library of FUNAAB. Five research questions were raised and the findings revealed that librarians in the study have a sound awareness about the importance of ICT in their libraries. The reasons may include an understanding of the benefits of ICT. The results revealed further that librarian training and knowledge of ICT influenced their attitudes toward it. Low bandwidth and poor connectivity constituted problems to effective utilisation of ICT. The study concludes that the Use of ICT has come to stay in Nigerian University libraries and strongly recommends automation and Internet connectivity in libraries with corresponding training programmer to enable librarians acquire adequate skills and knowledge of computer potentials for the provision of high quality library services, especially in the areas of research and teaching. It was further recommended that Adequate and functional ICT tools should be made available at the library so as to facilitate effective service delivery at the library. 1 results 1
- Utilisation 1 results 1
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