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KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDE TO CHOLERA OUTBREAK AMONG RESIDENTS IN IBADAN NORTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, NIGERIA
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KNOWLEDGE, SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND EXPERIENCES OF PUBERTY AMONG FEMALE ADOLESCENTS IN JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IBADAN SOUTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT, NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Nigeria 4 results 4
- health workers 3 results 3
- reporting system 3 results 3
- Health system management 2 results 2
- Notifiable diseases 2 results 2
- Reporting of notifiable diseases is essential for control and prevention of outbreak of diseases. In Nigeria, reporting of Notifiable Diseases by health workers has not been adequately documented. This study was conducted to assess health workers knowledge, practices, and factors influencing disease reporting in urban and rural communities in Oyo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among the 210 health workers who were responsible for disease reporting at their health facilities. The 33 local government Areas (LGA) of Oyo State were stratified into rural and urban, out of which one rural (Afijio LGA) and one urban (Ibadan North LGA), were randomly selected. All the health facilities in Afijio (39) and Ibadan North (171) were included in the study. One respondent at each health facility (focal person) was then selected and interviewed. A semi-structured, self- administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on knowledge, practices, pattern and factors affecting reporting. The list of diseases included: immediate, routine, international and occupationally notifiable diseases. Knowledge was assessed on a scale of 50 points with score ≥30 as good. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; Chi square, t-test and linear regression. Community Health Officers (30.1%), Nurses (26.0%) and Physicians (16.3%), constituted the majority of the respondents. Seventy-two percent (rural- 14.8% and urban- 57.1%) were aware of the existence of disease notification system while 26.5% knew the current strategy for reporting. Mean knowledge score for notifiable diseases among respondents was 27.6±8.4 with group means for rural and urban being 32.0±8.6 and 26.7±8.2 (p<0.001) respectively. About eleven percent (11.2%) of the respondents had good knowledge of the notifiable diseases. Majority (82.8%) of the respondents forwarded their routine health facilities reports to their respective LGA while 17.1% sent theirs to the Ministry of Health. Fifty-six percent of respondents sent reports through their staff while the rest had their facilities report collected by staff from State Ministry of Health and LGA. Main reasons for non-reporting included: lack of training on reporting (84.0%), absence of legal enforcement (58.0%), ignorance of reporting requirements (50.0%) lack of supervision (48.0%) and lack of reporting forms and telephone facilities (38.0%). Health workers that were aware of notification system were five times likely to comply with reporting than those that were not aware. (OR=5.0, 95% C.I = 1.5-17.5). Reporting of notifiable diseases was poor among the health workers at the Local Government level in Oyo State. Lack of training on reporting, absence on legal enforcement and ignorance on reporting requirements were major influencing factors. Regular training, effective supervision and logistic support to all notifiable diseases reporting health workers are recommended. 2 results 2
- Resilience 2 results 2
- SARS Cov-2 2 results 2
- Secondary school students 2 results 2
- Soil transmitted helminthes 2 results 2
- c-ELISA 2 results 2
- "Background: Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) infection is an important public health problem in developing countries which adversely affects pregnant women and their newborn infants. The epidemiology of STH among pregnant women has not been fully explored in Nigeria. We examined the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of STH among antenatal care attendees in Ibadan. Methods: A cross sectional facility-based study was conducted among the 326 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in six selected Primary Health Care centers, in the peri-urban areas of Ibadan Oyo State. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic, maternal, environmental characteristics and hygiene practices. Kato-Katz method was used to identify the presence of STH from stool samples. Data were analysed using chi-square and bivariate logistic analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of STH was 13.8%, 95% CI (10.0–17.7). Ascaris lumbricoides 12.8%, 95% CI (9.5–16.9) was the most prevalent followed by hookworm infection 0.6%, 95% CI (−0.2–0.15) and Trichuris trichiura 0.3%, 95% CI (−0.2–0.9). Majority of the infection were of light intensity (44 out of 45). Walking bare footed in the home environment increased the likelihood of being infected with STH [OR 1.93 95% CI (1.01–3.72) p=0.048] compared with women who wore shoes. Conclusion: STH infection is prevalent among pregnant women in the peri-urban region of Ibadan. Therefore public health interventions like active surveillance of STH and the prescription of deworming drugs will be beneficial for pregnant women. " 1 results 1
- Abattoir 1 results 1
- Abdomen 1 results 1
- Adherence to current treatment guidelines on prescription of antimalarials by healthcare providers can promote better malarial treatment outcomes. However, adherence rate and factors influencing adherence to treatment guidelines have not been well explored. This study was carried out to assess adherence to current guidelines on prescription of antimalarials and associated factors among healthcare providers in Lokoja Local Government Area, Kogi State, Nigeria. The study was cross-sectional in design. A total of 404 healthcare providers aged 18-65 years were selected through proportional allocation from public health facilities and patent medicine stores. Using a semi-structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire, data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, knowledge and training on current guidelines and prescription practice. Adherence was defined as correct prescription of artemisinin-based combination therapy for uncomplicated malaria in a child and adult. Knowledge of current guidelines was assessed on a 5-point scale and scores ≥3 were categorised as good knowledge while scores <3 were categorised as poor. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression with significance level set at 0.05. Mean age of respondents was 36.9 years (SD = 9.2 years). Respondents comprised of nurses (36.6%), patent medicine vendors (30.0%), doctors (18.3%), community health extension workers (9.7%), pharmacists (3.2%) and community health officers (2.2%). Over half (53.0%) were males and about three-quarters (74.4%) were married. Half (50.0%) had good knowledge of the guidelines of which 34.2% were doctors and 4.0% each were community health officers and pharmacists. A total of 270 (66.8%) of respondents claimed they requested for confirmatory test before treatment of malaria. In all, 54.2% had been trained on the guidelines of which 36.1% were patent medicine vendors while only 1.4% was pharmacists. Overall adherence to guidelines on anti-malaria prescription was 39.6%. The adherence among doctors was 67.6%, community health officers (55.6%), pharmacists (19.8%). Respondents who were trained on the guidelines were twice more likely to adhere to guidelines. (AOR=2.28; CI=1.41-3.69) while respondents with good knowledge were four times more likely to adhere to guidelines compared to those with poor knowledge (AOR=3.99; CI=2.39-6.69). Knowledge of and adherence to current guidelines on antimalarials prescription was generally low in Lokoja among community health officers, nurses, pharmacists and patent medicine vendors in the study. Government should train these categories of health care providers to improve their knowledge and adherence to the guidelines. Keywords: Treatment guidelines, Antimalarial prescription, Health care providers, Malaria confirmatory test. Word count: 384 1 results 1
- Anti-retroviral therapy 1 results 1
- Antimalarial prescription 1 results 1
- Available reports on brucellosis in Nigeria are largely confined to cattle while it is believed that other ruminants like sheep and goats are equally exposed to the disease. To have an insight into the role of goats in the epidemiology of brucellosis in Nigeria, we conducted a cross-sectional study between June 2011 and May 2013 to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats in some selected states in Nigeria. Serum samples were collected from goats at different locations and tested for antibodies to Brucella spp using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), samples positive by RBT were further subjected to Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA). Data collected to determine risk factors were also analysed using chi-square and logistics regression statistics. Out of a total of 2827 samples tested from the different states (Benue = 331; Borno =195; Oyo = 2155; Sokoto = 146), we recorded an overall seroprevalence of 2.83% (Benue = 17.30%; Borno = 2.05%; Oyo = 0.60% and Sokoto = 0.00%) by RBT. The cELISA further supported 9.45% (7/74) of the total RBT positive samples. Logistic regression analysis showed that the location (p = 0.004) and source (p < 0.0001); are probable risk factors to be considered in the epidemiology of brucellosis with sex (p = 0.179); age (p = 0.791) and breed (p = 0.369) not playing any major role. Our findings reveal a relatively low seroprevalence of brucellosis among goats screened except for Benue State. Since most of the goats sampled in the present study were from the abattoirs, further farm level investigations are required to determine the role of goats in the epidemiology of brucellosis in Nigeria since they share common environment with sheep and cattle that are natural hosts of Brucella species which are of major public health threat. 1 results 1
- BACKGROUND The co-existence of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is known to increase morbidity and mortality in patients. The determinants of treatment success in TB- HIV co-infection are not yet well studied. Such information can help optimise treatment and reduce morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with anti- tubercular treatment success among TB /HIV coinfected patients. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in fifty three DOT clinics and treatment centres using tuberculosis patient’s records from January 2009 to December 2010 in Oyo state, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 7905 tuberculosis patients. Information on variables of interest were obtained with the use of data extraction forms. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to test the relationship between TB/ HIV co- infection and socio-demographic variables, clinical characteristics and treatment success. RESULTS Prevalence of TB /HIV co-infection was found to be 14.2%. Patients with TB-HIV co-infection were younger and more likely to be females. There were statistically significant association between treatment success and gender, marital status and patient point of care. After adjusting for other variables, it was found that patients receiving treatment in private facilities were independently less likely to be successfully treated compared with those receiving care in Public facilities. Female patients were also independently more likely to have better treatment outcome than male. CONCLUSION In addition to patients’ point of care, gender of the patients can adversely impact on their treatment success. Efforts from the government to strengthening the private public mix, health education and media awareness on adherence to treatment to improve treatment success should be intensified in the country. 1 results 1
- Background: A major characteristic of all developing countries is rapid population growth which is due to high fertility, birth rates and poor utilization of contraceptive methods. This study therefore assessed the predictors of contraceptive implants utilization among women of reproductive age in Ondo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used and a total of 230 women were selected by multi-stage sampling technique. Questionnaire administration was interviewer-based majority of the women could not read. Data analysis was con- ducted using SPSS version 23. Research questions and hypotheses were answered and tested with descriptive statistics (frequency, percentages), chi-square test of significance and binary logistic regression. Levels of significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The prevalence of contraceptive utilization (any method) and contraceptive implant utilization were 92.2% and 31.1% respectively. Variables such as education (72= 6.91, p = 0.03) and lack of counseling from providers (72 5.05, p = 0.03) were significantly associated with the utilization of contraceptive implant. These two variables were also the predictors of contraceptive implant utilization. Women with secondary and tertiary education have higher odds of utilizing contraceptive implants (OR = 1.21, 95% CI = 1.01-7.82, p = 0.04) and (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.49-11.47, p = 0.03) compared to women who had primary or no education while those who claimed to be adequately counseled by providers are about two times more likely to use contraceptive implants (OR = 2.33, 95% CI = 1.08-5.51) Conclusion: This study showed the important role of education and health workers in providing information about contraceptive implants. Therefore, health workers' knowledge of family planning counseling and services should be constantly upgraded so as to improve their roles in educating, mobilizing, counseling the women regarding contraceptive implant insertion. 1 results 1
- Background: Despite the availability of a safe and effective vaccine for over 50 years, measles remains a leading cause of death among young children in developing countries. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge and home treatment of measles by caregivers of children under 5 years. Setting: Abebi community, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of 509 caregivers of children aged 6 months to 5 years in a semi-urban community in Ibadan was conducted using a multi-stage sampling method. An interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of aetiology, main symptoms and signs, and home treatment of measles. Chi-square test and logistic regression were used to explore associations at 5% level of significance. Results: Most of the caregivers were females (96.3%), married (86.1%) and were the biological parents of the children (90.9%). More than half had good knowledge of the cause (59.7%) and main symptoms and signs (52.8%) of measles. However, the composite knowledge was good in 57.6% of caregivers. Over half (54.4%) of the caregivers reported that their children ever had measles. Majority (91.3%) of caregivers whose children had measles gave home treatment, while 24 (8.7%) sought treatment from health facilities alone. There was a significant association between caregivers’ educational status, age, tribe and marital status and their knowledge of measles; however, tribe was the only significant predictor of knowledge after regression analysis. Caregivers from other tribes were 3.3 times more likely to have good knowledge of measles than Yoruba caregivers. Caregivers who were 35 years and older compared to those younger than 35 years (OR: 0.625; 95% CI: 0.425–0.921) and those who were not currently married compared to those married (OR: 0.455; 95% CI: 0.273–0.758) had lower odds of having good knowledge of measles, respectively. Conclusion: Home treatment by caregivers of children with measles is high. Health education on the cause, prevention and treatment of measles should be provided for caregivers. 1 results 1
- Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the main mode of acquisition of HIV in children. Transmission of HIV may occur during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. Studies have shown that some specific interventions help to reduce the transmission of the virus to the baby. In order to target safe, rational and effective intervention to reduce MTCT of HIV, it is necessary to ensure that the nurse/midwife has knowledge of the strategies for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Method: The cross-sectional design was utilized to determine the knowledge and behaviour of nurse/midwives in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study sample consisted of 155 nurse/midwives drawn from three selected hospitals through stratified random sampling method. Official permission was obtained from the institutions and consent from participants. Data was collected through the use of a self-administered questionnaire. Information sought included respondents' demographic characteristics, knowledge about and behaviour of prevention of vertical transmission as well as factors influencing behaviour. Results: Findings revealed that nurse/midwives had moderate level of knowledge with mean score of 51.4%. The mean score on behaviour was 52.5%, major factors that influence behaviour in these settings were mainly fear of getting infected, irregular supply of resources like gloves, goggles, sharp boxes, and water supply was not regular also. Hypotheses tested revealed that there is a positive relationship between knowledge and behaviour (r = 0.583, p = 0.00). Knowledge level of nurse/ midwives who had educational exposure was not different from those who did not (t = 1.439, p = 0.152). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of nurse/midwives who had experience in managing pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and those who did not (t = 2.142, p = 0.03). Also, there was a significant relationship between behaviour and availability of resources (r = 0.318, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study revealed that the nurse/midwives though moderately knowledgeable still had gaps in certain areas. Their behaviours were fairly appropriate. There is need for improved knowledge through structured educational intervention. Resources needed for practice should always be made available and the environment should be much more conducive for practice. 1 results 1
- Background: Mother-to-Child Transmission (MTCT) of HIV remains the main mode of acquisition of HIV in children. Transmission of HIV may occur during pregnancy, delivery or breastfeeding. Studies have shown that some specific interventions help to reduce the transmission of the virus to the baby. In order to target safe, rational and effective intervention to reduce MTCT of HIV, it is necessary to ensure that the nurse/midwife has knowledge of the strategies for the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV. Method: The cross-sectional design was utilized to determine the knowledge and behaviour of nurse/midwives in the prevention of vertical transmission of HIV in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria. The study sample consisted of 155 nurse/midwives drawn from three selected hospitals through stratified random sampling method. Official permission was obtained from the institutions and consent from participants. Data was collected through the use of a self administered questionnaire. Information sought included respondents' demographic characteristics, knowledge about and behaviour of prevention of vertical transmission as well as factors influencing behaviour. Results: Findings revealed that nurse/midwives had moderate level of knowledge with mean score of 51.4%. The mean score on behaviour was 52.5%, major factors that influence behaviour in these settings were mainly fear of getting infected, irregular supply of resources like gloves, goggles, sharp boxes, and water supply was not regular also. Hypotheses tested revealed that there is a positive relationship between knowledge and behaviour (r = 0.583, p = 0.00). Knowledge level of nurse/ midwives who had educational exposure was not different from those who did not (t = 1.439, p = 0.152). There was a significant difference in the knowledge of nurse/midwives who had experience in managing pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS and those who did not (t = 2.142, p = 0.03). Also, there was a significant relationship between behaviour and availability of resources (r = 0.318, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The study revealed that the nurse/midwives though moderately knowledgeable still had gaps in certain areas. Their behaviours were fairly appropriate. There is need for improved knowledge through structured educational intervention. Resources needed for practice should always be made available and the environment should be much more conducive for practice 1 results 1
- Background: Sexually transmitted infections is an important epidemic of public health significance, especially among female commercial sex workers (FCSW), due to its associated symptoms and complications. Objectives: To determine knowledge of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the health seeking behaviour among FCSW in Ibadan North Local Government Area (LGA). Method: A cross-sectional study using self-administered questionnaires distributed to 131 FCSW in Ibadan North LGA by trained research personnel. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics and tests of associations were done, with statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: One hundred and twenty-nine respondents (98.5%) were aware of STIs and the majority (69.8%) got their information from hospitals and health workers. Only 43 respondents (36.8%) had good health seeking behaviour. Associations with good health seeking behaviours were being in the age group 18-25 years (p<0.001), single (p<0.001), non-Christian religion (p<0.001), having secondary level of education (p<0.001), combining sex worker with trading (p<0.001). and work experience as a FCSW of less than 5 years (p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression showed that respondents with less than junior secondary education were 16 times less likely to have good health seeking behaviour (OR=0.062; 95%CI=0.004-0.992) while those who were both sex workers and traders were about 37 times more likely to have good health seeking (OR=37.250; 95%CI=6.006-231.039). Conclusion: This study revealed that the health seeking behavior of FCSW in Ibadan is poor and most resort to self-medication. Therefore, there is need to develop interventions that will help them in accessing affordable health facility when necessary. 1 results 1
- Background: The postpartum period is an important period of excitement with the arrival of the newborn. The body then starts physiological adaptations to revert to the pregnancy states. These physiological adaptations can be associated with some cultural practices like hot abdominal compress (HAC) which may have harmful effects such as hot water burns, abdominal wrinkling and darkening. This study assessed the practice of HAC among mothers seen at the postnatal clinic of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 290 postpartum women recruited consecutively at the postnatal clinic in UCH between 1st December 2015 and 29th February 2016. Data collection was by pretested self-administered questionnaire and was analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. p value was set at < 0.05. Results: The participants’ mean age was 31.88 (SD+ 5.1 years), 97.2% of the women had ANC in formal setting and 53.8% had vaginal delivery. Of the 290 participants, 264 (91.0%) were aware of HAC and 51.7% practiced HAC. The return of uterus to normal size (34.7%) and mothers’ encouragements (24.7%) were the commonest reason for practice of HAC. Mothers’ and mothers-in-law’ assisted with HAC in 46.2% and 36.6% of cases, respectively. More vaginally-delivered women practiced HAC (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that practice of postpartum HAC is high and the reasons for the practice are more of tradition and cultural beliefs. There is need for more studies to better understand this culturally deep-rooted practice. 1 results 1
- Beliefs 1 results 1
- Birth control 1 results 1
- Bovine tuberculosis, 1 results 1
- Breast Cancer 1 results 1
- Breast Cancer (BC) is the commonest cancer and a major cause of death among women worldwide. Breast Self Examination (BSE) is a screening technique for its early detection. However, not much is known about the adoption of BSE and the factors affecting it among Nigerian women. The objective of the study was to assess the level of knowledge, frequency and factors influencing the practice of BSE among young women in Ibadan North West Local Government Area, Oyo State. The study was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A four-stage random sampling technique was utilised for the study. The first stage was the selection of the LGA, second stage was the selection of wards, the third stage was the selection of households from the central point of the community utilizing the systematic sampling technique. Finally a respondent was selected from each household using a simple random sampling technique (balloting) among those eligible to participate in the study. A total of 370 respondents aged between 15 and 29 years participated in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire which included a 7-point knowledge scale of BSE was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics, perceived susceptibility to BC and practice of BSE (knowledge score of ≤ 3 was rated as poor and > 3 rated as good knowledge). Eight Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) (2 in each of EleyeleOja, Benjamin, Olopomewa and Eleyele roundabout) were conducted. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test while the FGD results were analysed using thematic approach. Respondents’ mean age was 22.5 ±3.9 years, 52.7% were students and 74.3% were single. Those who had primary, secondary and tertiary education were 7.3%, 49.5% and 43.2% respectively. Majority(52.2%)had heard about BSE and mean knowledge score of BSE was 2.6 ± 1.4. Only 15.4% of the respondents had good knowledge of BSE and about a third (32.2%) reportedly practiced BSE as at the time of the study. Reported frequency of BSE was monthly (14.3%), weekly (8.6%), daily (7.3%) and yearly (1.9%). Respondents with tertiary education (55.8%) were more likely to practise BSE compared to those with secondary (36.1%) and primary (5.0%) respectively (p<0.05). Only 13.2% of respondents perceived themselves to be susceptible to BC. The perceived factors which hindered practice of BSE included lack of knowledge (48.6%), perception of non-vulnerability to breast cancer (19.2%) and lack of time (17.8%). The FGD participants unanimously agreed that low practice of BSE among the women was due to perception of non-vulnerability to BC. Poor knowledge of breast self examination, perception of non vulnerability to breast cancer and poor practice of breast self examination were common among the respondents. A scale up of education of women is recommended for promoting adoption of Breast Self Examination. 1 results 1
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