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THE EFFECT OF OXYTETRACYCLINE ON THE PERFORMANCE AND SERUM MINERAL LEVELS OF KIDS REARED WITH OR WITHOUT THEIR DAMS
Published 1988Call Number: Loading…
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Evaluation of palm kernel oil as cutting lubricant in turning AISI 1039 steel using taguchi-grey relational analysis optimization technique
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Nutritive potential of sweet potatoes peel meal and root replacement value for maize in diets of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) advanced fry
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STUDIES ON THE INFECTION OF YAMS BY SCUTELLONEMA BRADYS (STEINER AND LEHEW)
Published 1975-08Call Number: Loading…
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Broiler 3 results 3
- Carcass characteristics 3 results 3
- Carcass yield 2 results 2
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- "Feeding in poultry farming in most developing countries, like Nigeria, is still manually carried out as high level of human involvement is required. This places an exorbitant cost of production on the farmer and reduces the expected return from investment. Besides, human intervention to poultry feeding is limited to fatigue, negligence, unfavourable weather conditions, and improper administration of feeds. In this paper, we present a microcontroller based poultry feed dispensing system.The mobile intelligent system is capable of moving forward, turn left, right and has the ability to detect and avoid obstruction. The developed model shows how mechanical transmission systems in machine can imbibe human intelligence of poultry attendants with corresponding increases in cost-benefits and high profits yield from a reduced labour force in poultry farming. " 1 results 1
- "The production of acha and cowpea are the complementary food and are produced in large quantities in Nigeria, which are the major sources of protein and carbohydrate respectively. The study was proposed on developed high protein-energy complementary foods from the blends of cowpea and acha using extrusion cooking. Cultivars of cowpea (IT90K-277-2) and acha (cream colour) were selected and milled into flours. Using the response surface methodology, the blends of acha and cowpea flours at 70:30 and 60:40 respectively were extruded using a single screw extruder at barrel temperature of 120-160•C and feed moisture content of 18-25% (d.b). The proximate composition and trypsin inhibition activity of the extrudates and blends were determined, while compressive forces were determined using testometric analysis.The protein content increased from 7.98% for acha flour to 16.03% and 18.73% for blends containing 30.0% and 40.0% cowpea respectively. Trypsin inhibition activity of the blends decreased by 76.0% to 92.1% as a result of the increasing extrusion temperature and feed moisture content. Compression forces at the peak, break and yield of extrudates' ranged from 148.3 to 886.4 N, 140.2 to 882.5 N and 96.3 to 226.4 N respectively. Extrusion cooking parameters (barrel temperature, feed moisture content and feed composition) significantly affected the quality of the cowpea-acha blends." 1 results 1
- A 21-day feeding trial involving 480, 4-week old unsexed Abhor Acre broilers was carried out in a completely randomised design to evaluate performance, carcass characteristics and cost benefit of broiler finishers fed iso- caloric and iso-nitrogenous corn-soyabean based enzyme supplemented diets. Diet 1 had no supplemented Roxazyme G and phytase (T1-basal diet). The other three diets are: T2-Roxazyme G (0.2g/kg), T3-basal diet +Phytase (lg/kg) and T4-basal diet +Roxazyme G and Phytase (0.2g/kg and lg/kg) inclusion. The objective was to observe whether addition exogenous enzymes individually or as a mixture improved efficiency of broiler finisher production. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) across the dietary treatments for daily feed intake, weight gain and FCR. The values obtained were in the range of 137.9g, 1191.9g and 1.45 respectively. There were no significant difference (p>0.05) in carcass weight of birds on T4, T2 and TI but birds fed both Roxazyme G and phytase had heaviest carcass weight of 1533.3g . However, birds fed diets supplemented with phytase alone had significantly lower carcass weight and dressing yield to other dietary treatments. The cut up parts were not significantly different (p>0.05) except the weights of the head, drumstick and breast meat. The cost analysis showed that it is not profitable to include the enzymes in the practical broiler finishers' diet used in this study. There was no need to include the above enzymes in the diet of broilers at finishing phase as the birds at this stage can efficiently utilize nutrients in their feed. 1 results 1
- A 49-day feeding trial involving 180 1-day-old Abhor acre broilers was carried out to evaluate growth and carcass quality of broilers fed cassava leaf meal and cassava peel meals used as replacements of soya bean meal and maize at 20% respectively. Four groups of 45 birds per group of 15 birds per replicate consisting of three replicates per group. Group A served as control (cassava leaf meal (0%) and peelings meal (0%)), Group B (20% cassava peelings -20% leaf meal), C (20% leaf meal -0% cassava peelings) and group D (20% cassava peelings-0% cassava peelings). The cut parts of the carcass showed superior values (p<0.05) in the A (control) treatment and they differed significantly (p<0.05) from broilers on to the group on B (20 % cassava peelings-20 % leaf meal), C (20% leaf meal-0% cassava peelings), D (20% cassava peelings-0% cassava peelings). On the 49th day, the breast muscles of 36 birds were analysed for dry matter, proteins, fat and ash. The organoleptic values were not significantly influenced by the juiciness, taste, colour and overall acceptability among the dietary treatment levels. Up to 20% inclusion of cassava leaf meal and 20% cassava peelings as replacement for soya bean meal and maize respectively in both broiler starter and finisher, diets did not significantly affect growth and carcass yield of broilers. 1 results 1
- A 56-day feeding trial to investigate the effects of stocking density, energy and protein content on performance of broiler chickens during late wet season was carried out. In a 3 x 2 x 3 factorial arrangement using completely randomized design, six diets with three energy and two crude protein levels were formulated. Three stocking densities (birds/m2) of 10, 12 and 14 were used. A total of 576 one-week old Arbor Acre broilers chickens were assigned to the respective diets and stocking density, at 32 birds per treatment. Weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, carcass yield, live weight/m2 and feed cost / live weight were assessed. Data were analyzed, using descriptive statistics and ANOVA α0.05. Energy x crude protein x stocking density interaction affects the feed intake (p<0.05) and the highest value was obtained using diet with low energy and crude protein levels. Treatment did not affect (p>0.05) survival rate, however, stocking density at 12 birds/m2 resulted in the best values (p<0.05) of weight gain (2230.71g) and feed conversion ratio (2.10) and the use of diets with lower crude protein and energy increased (p<0.05) the weight gain (2312.42g). The carcass yield was affected (p<0.05) by the interaction of energy x crude protein x stocking density, (p<0.05) with the lowest value (67.33%) found with birds raised on stocking density, 10 birds/m2 and diets with low crude protein and recommended energy. The lowest feed cost/live weight (p<0.05) was observed with stocking density at 12 birds/m2. Broiler chickens may be economically raised at stocking density 12 birds/m2 and on diet containing 2933kcal/kg ME with 21.92% crude protein for starter phase and 3095 kcal/kg ME and 19.14% crude protein for finishers during late wet season in Nigeria. 1 results 1
- A general survey of phytoparasitic nematodes associated with yam (Dioscorea spp.) in the Mid-Western State of Nigeria showed that Seutellonema bradys and Meloidogyne spp. were the economically important nematodes of yam tubers. S. bradys was associated with the ’dry rot' of yam tubers causing storage losses estimated between 80 and 100%. Nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne were found associated with galling of tubers of water yam (D. alata). Studies on the rate of population build-up of S. bradys in storage showed that S. bradys increased 9-fold, 8-fold and 5-fold in the tubers of D. rotundata, D. cayenensis and D. alata respectively during 6 months of storage. These increases in population influenced the severity of ’dry rot’ disease. Results of investigations into the depth of penetration of S. bradys in 5 different varieties of D. rotundata showed that there were differences in varietal susceptibility. The bulk of the nematode population was found in the periderm to a depth of between 0-1.5 cm, but depth of penetration was greater in the head portions of each of the tubers than either the middle or bottom portions. Observations on the activities of the nematodes in tuber tissues (histopathology) suggested that the 'dry rot' was mainly due to mechanical damage to the cells and the host reaction to intracellular feeding by S. bradys. Studies on changes in the carbohydrate constituents of the yam tuber infected by S. bradys showed an increase in the percentages of monosaccharides and disaccharides like sucrose, glucose and galactose, fruobose with a concomitant decrease in starch, amylose and amylopectin when compared with healthy yam. Qualitative and quantitative determination of amino acid constituents of nematode-infected tubers of white yam (D. rotundata). yellow yam (D. cayenensis) and water yam (D. alata) showed that the relative numbers of free amino acids were not materially changed following infection by 5, bradys. but a reduction occurred in the number of 'essential' amino acids in the infected tubers. Eighteen ninhydrin positive amino acids were detected in the protein hydrolysate. Except in the case of white yam and in a few other cases, increases in protein amino acids were recorded in the infected tubers of yellow and water yam. The percentage protein was also increased by infection in all species except white yam (D. rotundata). Observations on the rate of weight loss (cumulative percentage weight and mean percentage weight loss) in 3 different species of Dioscorea stored in a yam barn showed that there was a significant difference in the rate of weight loss between nematode-infected and nematode-free tubers of D. rotundata and D. cavenensis, but no significant difference was recorded between the infected and healthy yam tubers of D. alata. Estimation of the edible portions in nematode-infected and nematode-free tubers of D. rotundata. D. cavenensis and D. alata showed a significant difference in the percentage peeling losses between the infected and healthy tubers. Chromatographic analysis of the incubation solution of S. bradys showed that 5 amino acids - aspartic acid, phenylalanine, hydroxylnol acetic acid, leucine and isoleucine were discharged by this nematode. The absence of the steroid group of compounds in the nematode-infected yam tubers revealed by spectrometrie analysis might be disease-related as evidenced by its appearance in the healthy tubers. Polygalacturonase and amylase activities were detected in homogenates of S, bradys. Studies on fungi associated with the dry rot disease of yam tubers showed Aspergillus niger. Penicillium sclerotigenum. Triohoderma viride. Rhizopus nigricans and Fusarium oxvsporum. Botrvodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium moniliforme as the main species. Studies on the possible interrelationshipsbetween S. bradys and 3 fungi A. niger. P. sclerotigenum and F. oxysporum showed that the presence of the nematode seemed to increase the degree of pathogenicity of Fusarium and Penicillium species on yams. But the presence of S. bradys did not increase the degree of pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger. In greenhouse experiments, the interaction between S. bradvs and A. niger was found to be disadvantageous to the nematode. The presence of the fungus seemed to have some effect on the number of nematodes that invaded the roots and tubers and subsequently on nematode development. This was thought to be due to an anti-biotic action of A. niger on S. bradys. A host range study of 30 crop plants and weeds revealed that beniseed (Sesamum indicum L.), cowpea (Vigna unguioulata (L.) Walp.), were good alternative hosts of S. bradys. Small populations of the nematode also survived endoparasitically in the roots of Bupatorium. avnedrella. roselle faib1scus sab dar if f a L.). kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), melon (Cucurbita pepo L.); jute (Corchorus olitorius L.); yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) (Hochst ex A Rich) Harms., soko (Oelosia araentia L.) and pigeon pea (Ca.lanus ca.ian (L.) Druce). Non-hosts included maize and tobacco. Dipping nematode-infected tubers of D. alata and D. cayenensis in hot water at temperatures ranging between 50 and 60°C for 40 minutes completely eliminated the nematode. However, at temperatures above 55°C for an exposure time of 1+0 minutes, the tubers so treated suffered a physiological damage and rotted very rapidly. Temperatures between 50 and 55°C had no adverse effect on percentage emergence, growth, yield and palatability of tubers of D. alata. Field trials on chemical and cultural control of S. bradys on D. alata showed that the yield of yam was increased and the nematode population suppressed by the application of organic manure at the rate of 1.5 kg/heap or 1 ,886.3 kg/ha. Although the application of nemagon at the rate of 35.2 kg/ha. considerably suppressed nematode population, the yield of yam was significantly reduced. The results showed that there is a good deal of potential for experimentation with various cultural methods of nematode control. Studies on the effect of gamma irradiation on S. bradys showed that dosages between 5 and 15 Krad did not eliminate the nematodes completely, but suppressed sprouting and signs of deterioration in tubers. Dosages between 20 - 30 Krad eliminated about 70 - 80% of the nematode population. 1 results 1
- A total of twelve adult mole grass cutter (cane rats) with an average age of 38 months were used for the evaluation of meat quality attributes and carcass characteristics. The animals were starved of feed for 16 hours, weighed, stunned, slaughtered and properly bled. The thoroughly bled carcasses were scalded and eviscerated. The dressed carcass was cut into two half carcasses, one half was dissected to determine meat yield while the other half was cut into five primal cuts of leg, shoulder, rib, loin and breast, shank and flank (B. S. F.). These cuts were cooked, their percent cook yields and cooking losses were determined. Shear force value and water holding capacity (WHC) were determined. Also determined was the length to live weight ratio. Mean live weight and dressing percentage of cane rat were 4462.50g and 66.43%, respectively. Leg and the shoulder had the highest lean yield while BSF had the least (P<0.05). The larger cuts had greater cooking losses and vice-versa. An average shear force value of 2.71kg/cm(3) was obtained while a range value of 69.15- 82.10% WHC was obtained. The meat to bone ratio was highest (P<0.05) in BSF and lead in the loin. The value obtained for lain out did not differ (P> 0.05) from the values obtained for the shoulder, rib and leg. The percent cooked yield was highest in the rib cut (79:62%) and least in the leg cut (73.90%). The length to live weight ratio was 60.4, while the average carcass length was 271. 50mm. 1 results 1
- AISI 1039 steel 1 results 1
- Acidifer 1 results 1
- Agricultural Sciences 1 results 1
- Agriculture & Food Sciences 1 results 1
- Anaerobic digestion 1 results 1
- Biochar 1 results 1
- Bioenergy 1 results 1
- Biogas yield 1 results 1
- Blood meal 1 results 1
- Broiler chickens require adequate feed intake and uninterrupted emission of heat for intensive growth. An eight-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density on performance, carcass yield and meat composition of broilers. A total of 240 one-day old Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly allocated to three stocking densities: Lower stocking density (LSD) of 10 birds/m2; Recommended stocking density (RSD) of 12 birds/m2; and Higher stocking density (HSD) of 14 birds/m2 respectively, with 4 replicates each having 20 birds per replicate. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Final live weight(FLW); Feed intake(FI); Feed conversion ratio(FCR); Mortality(%); Dressed weight(%); Prima cuts(%); Abdominal fat(%) and meat composition were assessed. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and ANOVA °°=0.05. Birds on HSD had numerically higher FLW (2262.80 g), better FCR (2.08) that was similar to that of LSD (2.07) and significantly lower mortality (0.00%). The values of the prime cuts (thigh, drumstick and breast), abdominal fat and meat protein were similar between birds on LSD and HSD. Up to stocking density 14birds/m2 broiler chickens' performance and carcass characteristics were not negatively affected. 1 results 1
- Broiler finisher 1 results 1
- Broilers, stocking density, performance, carcass yield, meat composition 1 results 1
- Carcass 1 results 1
- Cassava leaf 1 results 1
- Cassava peels 1 results 1
- Chlorophyll 1 results 1
- Clarias gariepinus 1 results 1
- Comparative studies were conducted on exotic (German Brown and Friesian) and indigenous (White Fulani) lactating cows to assess (a) the systems of management best suited for the newly imported lactating, exotic cows for maximum production (b) the effects of seasons, stage of lactation, breeds and diets on feed dry matter (DM) intake, liveweight changes, milk yield and composition, respiration and body temperature of White Fulani (WF), German Brown (GB) and Friesian (F) lactating cows and (c) the effects of DM intake, dietary level, stags of lactation and breed on productivity, digestibility of feed, milk composition, energy and protein utilization, rumen and blood metabolites. Results on management studies indicated that the grazed cows produced more milk, solids-corrected milk (SCM), butter- fat, ash and less milk protein than the stall-fed (P<.05). Although higher respiratory counts, water intake and body temperatures were recorded for the grazed cows than the stall-fed ones, the results were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) Lactation studies showed that the exotic breeds consumed more forage DM than the indigenous, giving 5.92±0.21, 5.59±0.l6 and 4.49±0.16kg/day for the F, GB and WF cows respectively. The peak forage DM intake was attained between the 5th and 10th week of lactation. The mean milk yield and SCM were 27.55±6.15 and 29.83±5.26kg/week respectively for the WF cows, 40.16±6.15 and 36.91±3.26 respectively for the F and 41.16±8.19 and 40.16±5.84kg/week respectively for the GB. Peak milk production was attained between the 5th and 9th week of lactation. Generally, results showed that the milk of the WF cows possessed higher milk quality, producing higher percentage of butterfat and protein, than the exotic breeds. Although there were more forage DM intake during the dry season than the wet, higher milk yield was recorded during the latter season than the former. Liveweight losses occurred from the beginning of the experiment to about the 10th week of lactation. The results of the relationship between rumen metabolites and milk yield showed that when the ratio of acetate to propionate was lower, there was a higher yield of milk and protein but when the ratio was higher, there was an increased butterfat. The digestible crude protein'(DCP) values for maintenance were 0.39g/day/W(0.734 kg) (91.82g/day available protein (AP), O.47g/day/(0.734 kg) (113.28g/day AP) and 0.52g/day/(0.734 kg) (121.77g/day AP) for the WF, GB and F cows respectively. The N-balance studies indicated that 6.69gDCP/day/W(0.734 kg) (304.80gAP/day) were required by the WF cows to produce 3.35kg milk/day (0.51%N), 6.34DCP/day/W(0.734 kg) (353.93gAP/day) by the GB cows to produce 6.17kg milk/day (0.47%N) and 6.54gDCP/day/W(0.734 kg) (359.20g AP/day) by the F cows to produce 7.08kg milk/day (O.49%N). The mean net efficiency of protein utilization were 27.95, 43.43 and 53.73% for the WF, GB and F cows respectively. The metabolizable energy values for maintenance were 0.53, 0.59 and 0.61 MJ/day/W(0.734 kg) for the WF, GB and F cows respectively. These are 72.29, 72.75 and 73.43% of the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food of the United Kingdom (MAFF)(1975) recommendation respectively. The gross energetic efficiencies for milk production were 10.23, 12.79 and 14.33% for the WF, GB and F cows respectively while the net energetic efficiencies were 25.47, 31.31 and 37.50% respectively. Finally, the conclusions from the trials have shown that 8.3% (WF), 10.3% (F) and 11.2% (GB) of the energy intake were contributed by the protein fraction of the DM intake. 1 results 1
- Conventional feedstuffs have not met the increasing demand of livestock industry. Rice plant, a food-feed cereal, can provide grains for humans and fodder for livestock. The potential of Rice Straw (RS) as fodder for sheep in Nigeria has not been adequately documented. Therefore, the potential of RS as fodder for West African Dwarf (WAD) sheep was investigated in this study. Using Lattice design, 49 rice varieties of five cultivars: Interspecific Upland (IU), Interspecific Lowland (IL), Oryza sativa Upland (OsU), Oryza sativa Lowland (OsL) and Oryza glaberrima (Og) were assessed in hydromorphic ecology for Grain Yield (GY tonne/ha), Straw Yield (SY tonne/ha), Harvest Index (HI), Tillers Per Square Metre (TPSM) and Plant Height (PH). Straw samples were analysed for nitrogen, Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDF), Acid Detergent Fibre (ADF), Metabolisable Energy (ME), in-vitro Organic Matter Digestibility (OMD), ash and silica contents using standard procedures. In a completely randomised design, 20 WAD rams were used to assess Voluntary Dry Matter Intake (VDMI) and Dry Matter Digestibility (DMD) of NERICA-14 (IU), NERICA-Lowland-20 (IL), ITA-321 (OsU), Cisadane (OsL) and CG14 (Og). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA at α0.05. The GY of IL (3.6±1.0) and OsL (3.6±1.2) were higher than for IU (2.1±0.9), OsU (2.2±1.0) and Og (1.7±0.7). The SY of Og (5.0±2.6) was similar to 4.6±1.6 for OsL, but higher than 4.2±1.5, 2.7±1.0 and 3.0±1.2 for IL, IU and OsU, respectively. The HI of IL (0.46±0.07) was similar to 0.44±0.08 (OsL) but higher than 0.43±0.09 (IU), 0.42±0.09 (OsU), and 0.28±0.11 (Og). The TPSM of the cultivars ranged from 161.7 m-2 to 493.8 m-2, with Og having the highest value of 493.8±207.4 m-2. The PH of the cultivars ranged from 102.2 to 124.0 cm, with Og and OsU having higher values of 124.0±34.2 cm and 122.5±19.9 cm, respectively. Nitrogen of IL (0.91±0.28 %), IU (0.89±0.32 %) and OsU (0.87±0.32 %) were similar but higher than 0.82±0.31 % (OsL) and 0.83±0.24 % (Og). The NDF of OsL (67.1±2.5 %) was similar to Og (66.7±3.9 %), OsU (66.6±2.5 %) and IU (66.4±2.3 %); but higher than that of IL (65.9±2.5 %). The ADF and ME ranged from 48.7-51.5 % and 6.1-6.7 MJ/kg, respectively. The OMD of IU (46.1±5.3 %) and OsU (46.7±5.8 %) were significantly higher than values for OsL (44.6±6.1 %), IL (44.9±5.9 %) and Og (43.6±4.3 %). The ash content of IL (18.6±0.4 %), IU (18.8±0.3 %) and Og (19.4±0.7 %) were higher than 17.7±0.5 % and 17.6±0.5 % for OsU and OsL, respectively. The silica content of Og, 14.3±0.5 % was similar to 13.7±0.2 % for IU but higher than 13.4±0.3 %, 13.2±0.4 % and 12.9±0.3 % for IL, OsU and OsL, respectively. The VDMI (47.9-57.4 gKg-1BW0.75day-1) and DMD (30.2-44.7 %) of WAD rams were similar among the varieties. The grain and straw yields for the rice varieties were high. The voluntary dry matter intake and dry matter digestibility for sheep fed straws of the five representative rice varieties established the potential of rice straw as fodder for West African dwarf rams. Keywords: West African dwarf rams, Food-feed cereal, Fodder crop, Voluntary dry matter intake, Oryza spp. Word Count: 500 1 results 1
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