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GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS FROM ONITSHA METROPOLIS, SOUTHEASTERN NIGERIA
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION, DNA DAMAGE AND MECHANISM OF CYTOGENOTOXICITY INDUCED BY ELECTRONIC WASTES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
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EVALUATION OF BIOGAS YIELD AND MICROBIAL SPECIES FROM MULTI-BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS
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NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PANICUM MAXIMUM (JACQ.) ENSILED WITH TWO CULTIVARS OF LABLAB PURPUREUS (LABLAB PURPUREUS L.) FOR WEST AFRICAN DWARF RAM
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Antimicrobial screening and GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from poultry fecal littered soil in Ibadan, Nigeria.
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PERSISTENCE AND ACCUMULATION OF ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES IN SELECTED COCOA FARMS IN SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA
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Page will reload when a filter is selected or excluded.- Antimicrobial activity 2 results 2
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- " sedimentology, 1 results 1
- " Sand bodies deposited across normal growth faults and associated rollover anticlines are critical reservoirs for the accumulation of oil and gas. This paper addresses aspects of structures and depositional environments of some sand bodies within the Tomboy field, offshore western Niger Delta. Structural interpretation was undertaken to identify and assign faults found in the 3-D seismic volume. Time and depth structure maps in combination with well logs were used to produce for five horizons, namely: H1 to H5 and identify the depositional environments respectively. Two major growth faults (F4 and F7 which are normal, listric concave in nature), three antithetic (F1, F3 and F6) and two synthetic faults (F2 and F5) were identified. Structural closures identified as rollover anticlines, and displayed on the time/depth structure maps; suggest probable hydrocarbon accumulation at the downthrown side of the fault F4. Point bars, distributary channel and mouth bars, barrier island and tidal channels are the depositional environments. This study shows that the Tomboy field is made up of sand bodies deposited in different environments across normal, growth faults and associated rollover anticlinal structures. " 1 results 1
- "Among the major lithostratigraphic units making up the southern Bida basin are the Lokoja and Patti Formations, overlain by the Agbaja Ironstone. Outcrop samples from the associated shales and claystones units of the Patti formation were examined and characterized to deduce the hydrocarbon potential of the associated shales as well as determine the clay mineralogy in other to deduce the provenance and the palaoclimatic setting of thr basin. Altogether, a total of sixteen samples, made up of ten (10) shale and six (6) claystones were analyzed for this study. Field relationships show that the sediments are cyclical. The shales are dark to greyish while the claystones are milky to whitish. Within the sequences are associated ironstone, sandstones and mudstone. The result of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) ranges from 1.73 to 3.45 wt%, which is greater than 0.5 wt% threshold for clastic rocks to be considered as good source rocks. The Hydrogen Index(HI) ranges from 28 to 79 mgHC/gTOC. This value reveals terrestrial type IV organic matter. Cross plots of Hydrogen Index (HI) versus Oxygen Index (OI), S2 vs TOC indicate types III and type IV organic matter. In addition, cros plot of HI vs Tmax shows immature sediments and mainly type IV organic matter. Tmax values range from 418 to 428oC while the Production Index (PI) ranges from 0.04 to 0.13, which further indicate immature sediments. The clay mineralogy reveals kaolinite as the major clay mineral type, comprisisng 21.28 to 60.48%, dickite (6.00%) whiles the non-clay minerals are mainly quartz, hemalite and feldspar. It can be deduced that the shales are immature with terrestrial organic matter having potential to generate gas at appropriate maturation. The Prevalence of kaolinite is attributable to weathering of feldspar-rich, rocks from the adjoining basement rocks under warm, humid climatic setting. " 1 results 1
- "Field studies of outcrop samples from part of Anambra basin, southeastern Nigeria, were investigated to unravel the lithofacies distribution, provenance, palaeotectonic history as well as aspects of hydrocarbon potential of the basin. The sandstone facies of the Nkporo, Owelli, Mamu and Ajali Formations are cross bedded, medium to coarse grained, poorly sorted to moderately well sorted, negatively skewed and leptokurtic to platykurtic. Textural plots and multivariate parameters indicate fluvial to shallow marine environment. Paleocurrents signify southwest direction for the Nkporo and Ajali Formations while the Owelli Formation points to a northwest direction. The sandstones classify as quartz arenite with heavy mineral assemblages that revealed the presence of zircon, rutile, tourmaline, staurolite, sillimanite, kyanite, garnet and apatite; having ZTR index of 63 %. These typify products of weathering of basement rocks under humid climatic setting with long transportation and/or recycling history. Organic matter quantity of the shales ranges from mass fractions 0.89 % to 3.98 % TOC and Rock-eval parameters indicate immature, poor to fair hydrocarbon potential. Cross plots of rock eval parameters revealed gas proned terrestrially derived Types III and IV kerogen. It can be deduced that the sandstones were sourced from the Adamawa–Abakaliki folded belt and part of Oban Massif while the shales have prospect to generate gas at appropriate maturation, especially from the Nkporo Shale. " 1 results 1
- "Subsurface samples from the Akinside 1582 well, located within the eastern Dahomey Basin were evaluated to determine the lithofacies, depositional environment, and hydrocarbon potential of the basin. The sediments within the interval 138-197m consist of limestones, shales, mudstone and glauconite; thus representing sediments belonging to the Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations. The limestones are greyish, highly indurated, partly recrystallised and reveal six microfacies notably biosparite, shelly biomicrite, biomicrite, pel-biosparite, sandy-pelmicrite and sandy-biomicrite. The presence of gastropods, pelecypods, echinoderm, coralline algae, foraminifera and other skeletal debris indicate a shallow marine environment of deposition for the limestone. Total organic carbon (TOC) for the sediments range from 0.10 to 0.58wt% and 0.59 to 0.62wt% for the Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations respectively while soluble organic matter (SOM) are correspondingly 392ppm and 887 to 2472ppm. These suggest a poor through moderate to adequate organic matter. Plot of HI versus Ol indicates Type III and IV kerogens. Tmax value range from 362 to 467°C and cross plot of HI versus Tmax points to mainly immature to early mature sediments. The terpanes and sterane distributions indicate a marginally mature status for the sediments. Pristane/phytane ratio ranges from 0.13 to 0.24 and 1.88 for the Akinbo and Ewekoro Formations respectively, thus indicating both anoxic and oxic conditions of deposition. The abundance of pentacyclic triterpane of oleanane and hopane skeletons and C27 to C29 regular steranes in the bitumen, indicate mixed source rocks (marine and terrestrial) for the sediments. However, ternary plot of C27, C29 and C29 steranes strongly amplify terrestrial organic matter with prospect to generate gas rather than oil in the basin at appropriate maturation. " 1 results 1
- "The Akinbo Formation comprises a sequence of mostly dark, pale-greenish grey, laminated shale, slightly glauconitic shale, sandy shale with subordinate claystone lenses. Selected subsurface samples of the shaly facies as penetrated by Akinside 1582 well in eastern Dahomey basin, were investigated by sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical parameters to ascertain the hydrocarbon potential and deduce the influence of variations of clay mineral indicators on the prospect. Values of total organic carbon (TOC) range from 0.46 to 1.98wt. % while the soluble organic matter (SOM) ranges from 71 to 1940 ppm and portrays that the organic matter is fair to good and adequate. Bitumen ratios have values of 15.25 to 98.98mg ext/gTOC which suggest that the sediments are immature to marginally mature. Average major elemental composition indicates 68.08% SiO2 17.55% Alc23. 4.07%K2O, 1.82%CaO, 1.57%Na2O, 1.29%MgO,• 0.62%Fe,03 and 0.50%MnO. A moderate increase in K2O from 2.26 to 4.92wt. % with depth was observed and this corresponds with increase in illite content. Equally, an increase in AI203/ (Fe203 + MgO) ratio from 7.27 to 22.07 with depth points to increasing diagenetic conditions. Illite and illite/smectite (mixed layer clays) dominate the clay mineral assemblage (>50%) while kaolinite and smectite (ca.35%) are comparatively low. Kaolinite and smectite were observed to disappear with depth as well as an increase in illite crystallinity. Smectite disappearance occurs at approximately vitrinite reflectance of 0.5 %(VRo) and illite crystallinity values are from 0.16 to 1.6°20 , which are within values of normal burial diagenesis. It can be deduced that the shale is a potential source rock varying from immature to marginally mature with prospects to generate gas rather than oil at appropriate thermal maturity. The clay mineral diagenetic indicators show that the hydrocarbon potential might have been affected by geothermal and tectonic history. " 1 results 1
- "The major lithostratigraphic units of the eastern Dahomey Basin are the Araromi, Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations. Field studies show that the Araromi and Akinbo Formations contain shaly facies, while the Ewekoro Formation contains essentially fossiliferous limestones. The Araromi shales are dark and bituminous, while those of the Akinbo are fissile and concretionary. Selected subsurface and outcrop samples of these lithotypes were analysed to ascertain their palaeodepositional environments and hydrocarbon prospects. Total organic carbon (TOC) of the limestones and shales range from 0.10 to 1.00 wt.% and 0.20 to 1.60wt% respectively. Bitumen yields are 896.20, 108.70 and 376.80ppm correspondingly for Araromi, Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations. Bitumen ratios are 68.70, 28.30 and 72.70mgext/g TOC respectively, for the three succeeding formations. CPI values and pristane/phytane ratios are 1.29, 1.19, 0.99 and 1.53, 1.33, 1.17, respectively for Araromi, Ewekoro and Akinbo Formations. Cross-plots of isoprenoids/n-alkanes show that the organic matter falls within the terrestrial and transitional environments. However, the fossil assemblages of the limestones made up of coralline algae, pelecypods, echinoids, gastropods and few other skeletal debris, indicate a nearshore marine environment. Organic petrography reveals preponderance of vitrinites (Type III O.M.) with subordinate inertinites (Type IV) in all the three formations. The dominance of terrestrial O.M. indicates gas rather than oil proneness of the kerogen. N-alkane profiles, plots of bitumen ratios with depth and the presence of unresolved complex mixture hydrocarbons in most gas chromatograms, indicate immature status for the kerogens. This suggests insufficient cooking of the sediments." 1 results 1
- ABSTRACT Mosquitoes are vectors of various diseases of public health importance and their control has been premised on the use of synthetic insecticides. However, these insecticides are laden with problems of high cost, environmental hazards and development of resistance in many species of mosquitoes. Alternatives to synthetic substances are the natural products. Plant species, Clerodendrum inerme, have been found to inhibit the growth of Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. However, there is paucity of information on the anti-mosquito properties of the Nigerian species, C. polycephalum Baker. Therefore, the aim of the study was to investigate the anti-mosquito properties of the methanol extract of the leaves of C. polycephalum. Fresh leaves (1.4 kg) of C. polycephalum were harvested and brought to the laboratory. The leaves were air-dried, powdered, extracted with methanol and concentrated to dryness using rotary evaporator. The crude methanol extract was subjected to phytochemical analysis according to standard method and separated into n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and ethanol fractions using vacuum liquid chromatography. The most active fraction (ethanol), was subjected to column chromatography. Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was used to analyse the subfraction which was ultra-violet active. The crude methanol extract and fractions (250–8000 ppm) were tested for larvicidal activity. The methanol extract was further tested for anti-oviposition, effects on growth and development on Aedes aegypti, Anopheles gambiae and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes together with corresponding positive (lambda-cyhalothrin) and negative controls (dimethylsulfoxide) using World Health Organisation procedures. Toxic effects, determined by mortality, on representative non-target organisms was evaluated on adult Biomphalaria glabrata (snail) and tadpoles of Bufo regularis. Ten each of the organisms were used per concentration. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and student’s t-test at α0.05. Tannins, flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids were identified from the crude extract. Seventeen compounds were detected from ethanol subfraction, with quantities varying from 0.0 to 23.7%. Prominent compounds include 4-((1E)-3-Hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol (7.5%), 2-Hydroxy-5-methylbenzaldehyde (6.1%) and Ethyl iso-allocholate (23.7%). Larvicidal activities of crude methanol extract and fractions were in the order ethanol (100.0%) > methanol (96.6%) > n-hexane (7.5%) > DCM/ethyl-acetate (0.0%) at 2000ppm after 24h. Susceptibilities of mosquito larvae to methanol extract were also in the order A. aegypti > A. gambiae > C. quinquefasciatus. Mortality of the larvae was significantly different from the positive control. Anti-oviposition index increased (46.4-89.9) with extract concentrations. Morphological deformities of larvae and pupae were observed at the higher doses of 2000 ppm (A. aegypti), 5000 ppm (A. gambiae) and 7000 ppm (C. quinquefasciatus). Mosquito adult emergence inhibitions (24.0-100.0%) were recorded at 1100–5600 ppm concentration levels. The crude extract had no effect on the tadpoles at 250–1000 ppm, but the mortality of the snail at 250–2000ppm, varied from 10.0–95.0%. Clerodendrum polycephalum leaves contained biological components capable of inhibiting the survival and development of mosquitoes and could be exploited in the control of mosquitoes. 1 results 1
- Abattoir 1 results 1
- Activities in building construction industry contribute to air pollution. In this study, gas data from four locations at each three building construction sites in Doha, Qatar were collected and analyzed. Questionnaires were also administered to companies that are involved in building construction projects. The results showed traces of SO2, CO2, CO and NO2 but in amounts below the detrimental limit stipulated by the Ministry of Environment, Qatar. Questionnaire responses revealed that the extraction of raw materials and the energy consumed during construction occur quite often, but strongly implicated dust generated from construction sites and waste disposal, as major factors causing air pollution in the area. It is therefore, recommended that regular monitoring of air should be carried out within building construction sites to aid detection of air contamination. This will serve as a control measure to stimulate catalytic conversion of exhaust, reuse and recycling of waste materials. 1 results 1
- Additive inclusion 1 results 1
- Adsorption-desorption 1 results 1
- Adulteration of petroleum products with the resultant safety, health, environmental and economic impact on the end-users is a challenge in Nigeria and many developing countries. The current commonly used techniques by regulatory agencies and some end-users for quality assurance of the petroleum products are time-consuming and expensive. The development and use of real-time adulterated petroleum products detector in Nigeria will therefore alleviate these problems. This study was therefore designed to develop a device for real-time detection of petroleum products adulterated with liquid and particulate contaminants. Pure samples of Premium Motor Spirit (PMS), Automotive Gas oil (AGO) and Dual Purpose Kerosene (DPK) were collected from some major petroleum products marketers. Samples of distilled water, naphtha, commercial ethanol, pure and used commercial lubricating oil, and High Pour Fuel Oil (HPFO) were also obtained and used as liquid contaminants; while sawdust, ash and fine-grain sand were used as solid particulates. At temperatures 23:1:28oC, binary mixtures of the products mixed with liquid contaminants were prepared (100:0, 95:5, 85:15, 75:25, 70:30, 65:35 … 15:85, 5:95,0:100 v/v). Likewise, a fixed volume of pure petroleum products was mixed with varying quantity of solid particulates (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 g). The specific Gravity (SG) and Interfacial Tension (IFT) of the pure samples, binary mixtures were determined according to ASTM D1298 and D971 standards, respectively. These physiochemical properties (SG and IFT) of pure and contaminated fuel samples were used to develop a mathematical model. The model was then simulated into a microcontroller-based detector. A microcontroller of PIC16f876 microchip with multiple input/output pins and a load cell sensor with real-time response was used. The microcontroller takes the reading of the weight of liquid from the sensor to get the SG and IFT of the liquid in real-time. Values of SG and IFT of pure and contaminated samples of petroleum products were obtained using the developed adulteration detector and compared with laboratory measurements and those obtained using Kay’s mixing rule. Data were analysed using ANOVA at α 0.05. The SG and IFT (dynes/cm) of the pure samples were (PMS) 0.833, 47.0; (AGO) 0.812, 28.0; (DPK) 0.803, 25.0, for liquid contaminants ranged from (PMS) 0.853-0.890, 44.6-25.0; (AGO) 0.807-0.804, 46.2-29.5; (DPK) 0.811-0.947, 46.4-38.0 and for solid contaminants ranged from (PMS) 0.887-0.910, 47.8-27.2; (AGO) 0.884-0.887, 29.2-30.0; (DPK) 0.817-0.857, 25.8-32.8, respectively. The SG and IFT from Kay’s mixing rule ranged from (PMS) 0.851-0.900, 48.4-25.6; (AGO) 0.850-0.871, 40.1-35.4; (DPK) 0.864-0.881, 42.4-36.4, respectively. Adulteration of products was detected at 20.0-30.0% by volume and 10.0-20.0% by mass of contamination, respectively. The designed adulteration detector responded to the sample in real-time of 3-5s, displayed GREEN and RED for pure and adulterated samples, respectively, with their numerical SG values within ±0.01% of actual measurements. There was no significant difference between the actual and detected SG and IFT of the adulterated samples. A device that detects petroleum products adulteration in real-time and ambient temperature was developed. The method can be adapted to real-time evaluation of similar binary mixtures. 1 results 1
- Agar plate 1 results 1
- Agrimonia asiatica is a perennial plant with deep green color and covered with soft hairs and has a slightly aromatic odor. +is genus Agrimonia has been used in traditional medicines of China, Greece, and European countries. It was mainly used as a haemostatic, a tonic for asthenia, and an astringent for diarrhea. Agrimony is part of the division Magnoliophyta; class is represented by order Rosales, family Rosaceae, of the genus Agrimonia. Family Rosaceae—or pink eels—is one of the largest families of flowering plants, including about 100 genera and 3000 species. Rosaceae is common in almost all areas of the globe where flowering plants can grow, but most of them are concentrated in the temperate and subtropical zones of the Northern Hemisphere. Phytochemical investigation on ethanolic extract of A. asiatica led to isolation of four flavonoid derivatives (kaempferol-3-glycoside, quercetin-3-O-α-arabinofuranosyl-β-D-galactopyranoside, 3-O-kaempherol 2,3-di-O-acetyl-4-O-(cis p-coumaroyl)-6-O-(trans-p-coumaroyl)-β-D-glucosopyranoside, and catechin) alongside of sucrose. All the extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds were tested for antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. We also studied the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from the aerial part of A. asiatica. +e essential oil constituents from the aerial part of A. asiatica were obtained using a steam-distillation method in wild growing conditions in Kazakhstan. +e essential oil extracted from the aerial part of the plant was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy and its major components amounting to 100% were found to be β-selinene (36.370%), α-panasinsene (21.720%), hexadecanoic acid (7.839%), and 1,2-nonadiene (6.199%). Neither the extract nor the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. 1 results 1
- Aim: Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant used in folklore medicine for the treatment of a wide range of conditions such as astringent, febrifuge and purgative. But the effects have not been well elucidated. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of Cassia fistula on haematological and serum biochemical indices in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical constituents from the ethanol extract of C. fistula were identified by qualitative techniques and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Twenty male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups of five rats each. Group A, the control, received 0.2ml of corn oil each daily for 7 days; Group B rats were given 100mg/kg b.w. of Cassia fistula extract, Group C were given 200mg/kg b.w. of the extract while the rats in Group D were given 300mg/kg b.w ethanol extract of Cassia fistula orally for 7 days. Blood samples were collected afterward for determination of haematological parameter while plasma biochemistry was carried on the plasma after 7 days of treatment with the extract. Frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was also determined from blood Giemsa stained smear. Results: Qualitative analyses revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, anthraquinones, cardenolides, and phenols. In GC-MS analysis, 19 compounds including phytol, oleic, myristic acids etc. were detected from the ethanol leaf extract of C fistula. Oral treatment of Cassia fistula was found to be safe up to the 300mg/kg b.w dose because haematological and biochemical parameters in treated rats were comparable to the untreated control. In fact, the extract showed nephroprotective and hepatoprotective activity at 200 mg/kg. Conclusion: This study showed that ethanol leaf extract of Cassia fistula is not toxic upt to 300 mg/kg b.w, instead the extract showed some protective effects on liver and kidney functions at the 200 mg/kg b.w dose. This dosage should therefore be explored further for therapeutic purposes. 1 results 1
- Air pollution 1 results 1
- Albizia saman pods 1 results 1
- Alternative energy 1 results 1
- Ammonium sulphate 1 results 1
- Ammonium sulphate, a chemical compound was utilized to evaluate its potential through in vitro gas production technique and rumen fermentation characteristics as a rumen stimulator and mitigates methane gas. Four experimental diets were formulated with ammonium sulphate (AS) included at varying levels: T1 (control/0% AS), T2 (control diet + 0.25% AS), T3 (control diet + 0.50% AS) and T4 (control diet + 0.75% AS). Rumen fluid was collected from the ewes, sixteen in number and weighing 24 kg averagely, using suction tube method to evaluate in vitro gas production, determine microbial population and rumen fermentation characteristics. Gas production was determined over a 96 hour period. Other data collected included organic matter digestibility (OMD%), short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFA μml), Metabolisable Energy (ME MJ/KJ DM), Degradability (D%), Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA), rumen pH, temperature and ammonia nitrogen (AN). Results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) for in vitro gas production profiles (i.e. total gas, OMD, ME, SCFA). However, as inclusion increased it stimulated the parameters measured to be numerically higher than control. Methane gas was highest for control diet (4 ml/200 mg DM) while T2 recorded the least (2 ml/200 mg DM). Degradability increased as the inclusion level of AS increased. Control diet was the lowest (32%) while T4 had the highest (45%). The rumen fermentation characteristics showed significant (p<0.05) differences for all the parameters measured except rumen temperature. Animals on T4 diet recorded the highest (p<0.05) pH value (6.85) while those on T2 diet had the least (6.53). Animals on Control diet recorded the highest values (p<0.05) for AN and acetic acid (100.40 mg/l and 8.98 mol/100L) while the least values were observed in animals on T2 diet (AN) and those on T4 (acetic acid). Increase inclusion of AS caused a decrease in acetic acid. Rumen bacteria was highest (p<0.05) in animals on T4 (1.40 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)) and lowest in those on T3 (0.65 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3)). For fungi and protozoa, animals on T4 and T2 diets were higher (p<0.05) respectively than those on Control diet (1.15 and 1.09 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) compared to 1.10 and 0.85 x 10(6)cfu/mm(3) respectively). Supplementation of AS has been validated by this study, with a 0.75% inclusion level resulting in lowest methane gas, and higher ME, SCFA, pH, bacteria and fungi and may be recommended for ruminant feeding. 1 results 1
- Anaerobic digestion 1 results 1
- Anaerobk Digesrer 1 results 1
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