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ASSESSMENT OF VERTEBRATE DIVERSITY IN ALABATA NATURE RESERVE ABEOKUTA, SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA
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DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ÀMÓDI IN IFÁ DIVINATION AMONG THE YORUBA OF SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
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- Most postgraduate students in developing countries like Nigeria are working class students that have to shuttle between their workplaces and classes. Reason being that there few or no sponsors for postgraduate programmes exist in the country. Therefore, most students are self sponsored. Furthermore, most postgraduate courses in Nigeria are full time programmes. There are some core courses that require strict attendance in classes. However, it is seen that this is not always the case as the students have to attend to their jobs as well; otherwise they might lose the jobs and have no fund to continue. The programmes considered in this study are those in Statistics and Petroleum Engineering. This study therefore looks at the effect of students’ attendance in postgraduate classes to their performances, and also proffers solutions to its long-term effects on the industrial and economic developments. 2 results 2
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- " Road tankers are the most used means of transporting petroleum product to end users due to its cost effectiveness and energy-efficiency. The cylindrical tank has been well designed for by ASME VIII divisions 1 and 2 using analytical equations. Petrol tankers are not circular but elliptical probably for stability during transportation. This paper has used the finite element method to investigate in-plane displacements and Von-Mises stresses in both circular and elliptical cylindrical tanks under full loading. An elliptical OANDO? tanker of 66.78 m3volume and shell thickness of0.2 mmand an equivalent volume circular cylindrical tank was used for the simulation. MATLAB? was used to generate geometrical mesh model of the petroleum tankers, extract element coordinates and conduct the finite element analysis. Plane strain condition was used in analyzing a section of the petroleum tanker. It was observed that an equivalent volume circular cylindrical tank was under a higher internal pressure (16,858 N/m2) compared to the elliptical cylinder (14,480 N/m2). Von-Mises stress and in-plane displacements showed direct linear relationships with internal fluid pressure. Von-Mises stress in the elliptical tank was found to be lower (5.7 × 106 N/m2) than for the circular tank (8 × 106 N/m2). In plane displacements was zero in the longitudinal direction for both tanks and of the order of 10-4 mm in the y-direction for both tanks with the circular larger by about 2.5 × 10-3 cm. So in addition to tank stability on the lorry, the Von-Mises stresses were lower as well for the elliptical tank. It was also observed that Von-Mises stresses were far below the yield stress of the steel plate. However, the effect of weldment area on lowering of yield stress was not studied. Stress values were validated using analytical method and found to be insignificantly different (P > 0.05). " 1 results 1
- "This study utilised correlation and distribution analyses to investigate the acceptability of Parameters. selection sensitive simulation of the excited nonlinear pendulum waveforms was performed with the constant time step fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithm with codes developed in FORTRAN90. However, the waveforms validated by Gregory and Jerry (1990) and treated as time series were characterized using developed codes of Carlos (1998) and Hurst fractal dimension estimation procedures. The validation results compare. qualitatively well and the correlation coefficients between Carlos (1998)-based and Hurst's exponent based dimension estimate for the angular displacement and velocity are respectively R2 = 0.68 and R2 = 0.66. A higher correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.84) existed between the estimated Hurst's exponent of the angular displacement and velocity. The Hurst distribution exhibited both full spectrum and peak values range 0.04 to 1.00 and percentage probability range 2 to 12. The sum of this study results is the interchange possibility and utility of the two fractal dimension estimators as waveforms characterising tool. " 1 results 1
- A strong link exists between poverty and income, thus attainment of full employment by youths can reduce poverty, crimes, terrorism and prostitution. This study investigated the effect of NYSC/MDGs/WAP on the well-being of beneficiaries in Southwest, Nigeria. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 120 respondents (ex-corps members). Data were collected with a structured questionnaire and analysed using both descriptive (frequency and percentages) and inferential statistics (Chi-square and PPMC). The mean age of the respondents was 30.8 years, 67.5% were married with 3-5 family size, 73.3% were Christians and 73.3% were male. Those with B.Sc certificate were 46.7%, HND certificate 23.3%. Results indicate that 91.8% used the loan to start up a business, 89.2% engaged in agro-enterprises, with 35.8% into poultry production, 8.3% into beekeeping, while the remaining 10.8% diverted the loan into other businesses. Most of the respondents indicated training (89.2%) and self dependence (81.7%)as their benefit from the programme. Most severe contraint faced by respondents was inadequate credit facility/loan. However, 55.8% of the respondents had favourable attitude and 53.3% had high well-being status. Marital status was significantly related to well-being of respondents (r=0.045, p=0.023). Attitude (r=0,554, p=0.000) of beneficiaries, benefit derived (r=0.284, p=0.002) and constraint encountered (r=0.250, p=0.006) were significantly related to their well-being. Participants’ involvement in NYSC/MDGs/WAP was beneficial and it has positive effect on their well-being. To ensure sustainability, availability of land, creation of marketing opportunities and follow-up becomes imperative. 1 results 1
- Academic library 1 results 1
- Acute kidney Injury (AKI) 1 results 1
- Adolescents, 1 results 1
- Agro-enterprise loan 1 results 1
- Alabata Nature Reserve 1 results 1
- An abattoir provides facilities where animals are slaughtered. The current state of most abattoirs in developing countries particularly Nigeria are a matter of concern considering the enormous lapses in their operations, the sanitary conditions and management. The northern part of Nigeria is the worst hit since the majority of food animals are domiciled in the region. This study was aimed at determining the state of facilities, sanitary conditions and practices of abattoir workers and the veterinary doctors in a major abattoir in North-eastern Nigeria. This observational study was carried out over a period of three months in the main abattoir in Maiduguri, northeastern Nigeria. During the period, we documented the states of the facilities in the abattoir, the sanitary conditions as well as the practices of abattoir workers and the veterinary doctors present. Our findings revealed that the lairage was in a poor state and the drainages were clogged with debris and maggots. There were no meat stands and cold room and the entire surrounding environment was full of stench emanating from poorly disposed abattoir wastes. Besides, both ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections were hardly carried out and animals were being slaughtered in the open with carcasses processed on bare floor. Dragging of viscera’s on the floor and washing of the stomachs in the drainages in addition to slaughtering of calves and pregnant animals were common practices observed at the abattoir. We documented the poor states of facilities, sanitary conditions and practices in the main abattoir in northeastern Nigeria. Our findings suggest a compromise in the quality of meat being produced from the abattoir with overall devastating effects on the health of meat consumers. While quality meat production is key to achieving a healthy society, there is a need for a synergy among all the stakeholders particularly the government and private organizations towards improving the state of abattoirs in Nigeria with respect to the facilities, sanitary conditions and practices. 1 results 1
- Aqueous extracts of the leaves, barks and the roots of Anacardium accidentale, Bridelia ferruginea and Ficus sur were bioassayed at full concentrations for their antifungal potentials by determining their inhibitory effects on the mycelia growth of Rigidiporus lignosus and Coriolopsis occidentalis. Statistically significant differences at p<0.05 between plants and plant parts were studied as well as the resistance of the test fungi to treatment with different plant part extracts. The results indicated that all the plants and their parts contain water soluble active ingredients with antifungal properties which proved to be good inhibitors of the growth of R. lignosus and C. occidentalis. The crude extracts from all the parts of Fictus sur performed best of all extracts as it totally inhibited the mycelia growth of R. lignosus and C. occidentalis 1 results 1
- Automation 1 results 1
- Background. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an underreported but major cause of morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing major surgical interventions in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Whereas AKI is often seen following major cardiac surgery in high-income countries, a similar spectrum of surgical diseases and interventions is not seen in developing countries. The impacts on surgical outcomes have also not been well characterized in SSA. This study aimed at identifying risk factors, incidence and determinants and short-term outcomes of AKI among patients undergoing major surgery. Methods. This was a cohort study of adult patients undergoing major surgery at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Data obtained were sociodemographic details, risk factors for AKI, details of surgery, anaesthesia and intraoperative events and short-term outcomes. Blood samples were obtained for pre-operative (pre-op) full blood count, serum electrolytes, blood urea and creatinine (SCr). Post-operatively (Post-op) SCr was determined at 24 h, Day 7 post-op and weekly until each patient was discharged. Results. A total of 219 subjects who had major surgery (86.3% elective) were enrolled. The median age of the patients was 46 (range 18–73) years and 72.6% were females. The surgeries performed were mostly simple mastectomies (37.4%), exploratory laparotomies (22.8%) and total thyroidectomies (16.4%). The incidences of AKI were 18.7% at 24 h and 17.4% at Day 7 post-op, while cumulative AKI incidence was 22.5% at 1-week post-op. Pre-op elevated SCr [odds ratio (OR) 3.86], sepsis (OR 2.69), anaemia (OR 2.91) and duration of surgery >120 min (OR 1.75) were independently associated with AKI. In patient mortality was 20.4% in individuals with AKI and 5.3% in those without AKI (P < 0.01) Conclusion. Peri-operative risk factors for AKI are common among patients undergoing major surgery in SSA hospitals. The cumulative incidence of AKI was high and independently associated with pre-op sepsis, anaemia, pre-existing kidney dysfunction and duration of surgery >120 min 1 results 1
- Background: The maternal, newborn and child health care continuum require that mother/child pair should receive the full package of antenatal, intrapartum and postnatal care in order to derive maximum benefits. Continuity of care is a challenge in sub-Saharan Africa. In this study, we investigate the patterns and factors associated with dropout in the continuum of maternity (antenatal, delivery and postnatal) care in Nigeria. Method: Using women recode file from the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey, we analysed data on 20,467 women with an index birth within 5 years prior to data collection. Background characteristics and pattern of dropouts were summarised using descriptive statistics. The outcome variable was dropout which we explored in three stages: antenatal, antenatal-delivery, delivery-6 weeks postnatal visit. Multilevel logistic regression models were fitted to identify independent predictors of dropout at each stage. Measure of effect was expressed as Odds Ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI). Results: Overall, 12,392 (60.6 %) of all women received antenatal care among whom 38.1 % dropout and never got skilled delivery assistance. Of those who received skilled delivery care, 50.8 % did not attend postnatal visit. The predictors of dropout between antenatal care and delivery include problem with getting money for treatment (OR = 1. 18, CI: 1.04–1.34), distance to health facility (OR = 1.31, CI: 1.13–1.52), lack of formal education, being in poor wealth quintile (OR = 2.22, CI: 1.85–2.67), residing in rural areas (OR = 1.98, CI: 1.63–2.41). Regional differences between North East, North West and South West were significant. Between delivery and postnatal visit, the same factors were also associated with dropout. Conclusion: The rate of dropout from maternity care continuum is high in Nigeria and driven by low or lack of formal education, poverty and healthcare access problems (distance to facility and difficulty with getting money for treatment). Unexpectedly, dropouts are high in South east and South south as well as in the Northern regions. Intervention programs focusing on community outreach about the benefits of continuum of maternal healthcare package should be introduced especially for women in rural areas and lower socio-economic strata. 1 results 1
- Child adoption 1 results 1
- Child adoption, which could be a socially-responsive gesture or a solution for infertility, is gradually becoming culturally acceptable in Nigeria. This paper focuses on analyzing policies and practices of child adoption in Nigeria. It examines policies regulating adoption practices and explores knowledge and attitude towards child adoption, as well as socio-cultural issues in child adoption practices across Nigeria. Secondary data mainly policy documents, existing studies and reviews from scholars, local and international organizations were explored. Nigeria has a National Child Right Act enacted in 2003 that seeks to regulate the welfare of children including child adoption practices. Despite this legislation, most Nigerians are only aware of the term “child adoption” barely few understand the concept of child adoption and the policy regulating it. More so, a large number of infertile couples are familiar with the term “child adoption”, but various social and cultural factors and misconceptions associated with adoption have impaired its full acceptability as a management option for infertility. Adequate support by social welfare system, non-government organizations and health practitioners involved in infertility management will ease pre-existing fears and socio-cultural misconceptions and allow for improved child adoption practices. 1 results 1
- Child trafficking 1 results 1
- Community pharmacists 1 results 1
- Community pharmacists play a significant role by providing pharmaceutical care for patients with mental disorders. Mental disorder is a health priority in national health strategies around the world, including in Nigeria. However, personal perception and practice-related barriers may prevent full involvement. This study therefore aims to assess community pharmacists’ perception and level of comfort towards mental healthcare, as well as the barriers in providing pharmaceutical care to patients with mental disorder in Ibadan. A cross-sectional study among 120 community pharmacists in Ibadan, using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics including frequency and percentage were used to summarize the data. The majority (99;82.5%) agreed they will deal with mentally ill patients, while 81 (67.5%) feel confident and comfortable to provide pharmaceutical care to patients with mental illness. Major barriers to pharmaceutical care cited includes inability to monitor outcomes as patients may never return to the pharmacy again (88; 73.3%) and having only limited patient information (85;70.8%). This corresponds with the revelation that (88; 73.3%) believe that follow up for adverse drug related problem is not easy. About 23% community pharmacies do not stock psychotropic medication at all, mainly due to few requests and tough regulations of record keeping required by law. Despite willingness to provide services to patients with mental illness, reduced stockings of psychotropics and practice-related barriers prevent full participation of community pharmacists. 1 results 1
- Computer Science & IT 1 results 1
- Crime in transport corridors 1 results 1
- Criminal Victimisation 1 results 1
- Cybersecurity, Cryptography and Privacy 1 results 1
- Development, 1 results 1
- Diagnosis 1 results 1
- Diagnosis in Ifá therapeutic practice makes a distinction between àìsàn ara(physical disease) - conditions that are diagnosable and treatable, and àmódi (somatoform disorders) - conditions that are not diagnosable and treatable using Western medicine. Studies in Ifá therapeutic practice have placed emphasis on àìsàn ara, while the diagnosis and treatment of àmódi have not been adequately addressed. This study, therefore, examines how àmódi is diagnosed and treated in Yoruba traditional medicine. Boas’ theory of Ethno-science and Husserl’s theory of Phenomenology were used to situate Ifá divination as a Yoruba therapeutic system. Using In-depth-Interviews (IDI), data were collected on the methods of diagnosis and treatment from 40 babaláwo (Ifá priests and healers) using snowball technique and 100 patients on their health conditions across Abeokuta, Akure, Ibadan and Osogbo, where there are state owned hospitals. Twenty-three àmódi patients who were informally referred from hospitals, were purposively selected from 100 patients, and with the use of Participant Observation method, the processes of diagnosing and treating these patients were observed, this varied from one day to six months post-treatment. Case-study model was used to group data, and they were assigned into categories. Data were content analysed. Ifá dídá (divination) diagnosed àmódi by revealing the disease aetiologies and prescriptions contained in Odù-ifá (Ifá verses). Ikin (sacred palm nuts)and ọ̀pẹ̀lẹ̀ (divining chain)served as primary diagnostic tools, while obì (kola nut), owó ẹyo (cowries) and egungun (animal bone) were used as secondary diagnostic tools. Àmódi was difficult to diagnose using Western tools because it manifested similar symptoms as àìsàn ara. The causes of àmódi were however located in Odù-ifá. Symptoms of àmódi had no regular pattern, one type of symptom (inú-kíkùn - stomach upset), resulted from multiple causations such as Ìjà Èsù (attack from Èsù),Èèwọ̀ (taboo), Orí (personality soul), just as one causation (Èèwọ̀), presented multiple symptoms such as, oríitúlu (migraine), egbò-àdáàjiná (skin ulcer), inú-kíkùn. The causes of àmódi include: Ìjà Èsù (as found in one patient), Èèwọ̀ (as found in four patients), Orí (as found in four patients), Ìwà búburú (bad character, such as ‘olè-jíjà - stealing’, ‘àgbèrè - adultery’, as found in seven patients), Àjẹ́ (witches, as found in four patients), Àì-kò-béèrè (lack of divination and Àjẹ́ were found in one patient) and Ìrírí ayé (life experiences, as found in three patients). Observed, treatments were in three stages and were referred to as siblings. Ẹbọ l’ ẹ̀gbọ́n (sacrifice being the oldest),treated the spiritual and psychological aspects of the patients. Òògùn/àkóse-ifál’àbúrò (medicine being younger),treated the physical aspects of the patients. And Ọgbọ́n-inú l’ọmọ iyèkan wọn lénjẹ lénjẹ, (inspiration being the youngest), complemented the other two. All the 23 patients confirmed full recovery. Besides each patient’s testimony of wellness, final divination - Ó tán nb’ókù? (Is this all or there is more?), was used as confirmatory tests. Ifá divination is a formidable diagnostic and treatment tool among the Yoruba of South Western Nigeria. Its ability to distinguish between similar symptoms of àìsàn ara and àmódi transcends the practice in Western medicine 1 results 1
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