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ÌFẸ́-INÚ AND SOCIAL ORDER IN YORÙBÁ THOUGHT SYSTEM
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DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL STUDIES BASED WEBQUESTS FOR PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS IN COLLEGES OF EDUCATION IN SOUTHWESTERN, NIGERIA
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KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF NADP BINDING REACTIONS OF GENETIC VARIANTS OF HUMAN ERYTHROCYTE GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE
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- Agricultural Transformation (AT) requires a new and different approach to policy making and implementation. It entails search by government for greater integration and co-ordination, looks for an approach that is characterized by greater partnership between federal, state and local government, economic entities, private industry and other community groups. The process involves diversification in the sector to meet changing domestic and trade demands. This study was mainly contents review of relevant literature and use of situation analysis. We examined agricultural policies changes in Nigeria and draw some lessons from successful agriculturally transformed countries. The results show that, bypassing small farmers during the process of AT is capable of marginalizing a large group of the rural population and cause social tensions. AT requires a comprehensive long term strategy that needs to be supported by long term commitment from the government and international development partners. The various steps Nigeria had taken in its AT process are necessary but not sufficient conditions for a successful transformation. Successful AT must be broad-based with efficient infrastructural investments in roads network, irrigation, consistent energy supply, high-speed and affordable communications, clear and consistent long-term policies, good working relationship among ministries and governmental bodies, effective rule of law, and good adaptation and mitigation measures consistent with sustainable development. 1 results 1
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- Available literature has applied different theories to the language of advertisement. It has examined it through stylistic, pragmatic and speech act theories but not from the perspective of interactional sociolinguistics. Therefore, this study applied John Gumperz‟s theory of interactional sociolinguistics to the language of Insurance advertising in newspapers and on billboards within the Nigerian linguistic and sociocultural context, with the aim of analysing the persuasive strategies employed in it. The theoretical framework for the study was an adaptation of Gumperz‟s theory of interactional sociolinguistics and Halliday‟s Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG), which was used to analyse the lexico-syntactic aspect of the work. This is because Gumperz‟s theory of interactional sociolinguistics has the ability to account for the linguistic and socio-cultural variables that are employed in a communicative event while Halliday‟s SFG gives comprehensive information about grammatical description. The data, consisting of 100 published insurance advertisements, were collected from three purposively selected Nigerian national newspapers – The Guardian, The Punch and Daily Champion covering 2001-2009, complemented with billboard advertisements from all the southwestern states of Nigeria. The newspapers were selected because they have national coverage and a high density of insurance advertisements from different insurance companies in Nigeria. Several pragmatic strategies were used in both newspaper and billboard insurance advertisements to encourage potential customers to patronise the insurance companies. They included reliance on shared social and cultural rules, allusion to shared history and values, reliance on shared knowledge and presuppositions about the world. Speech-style switching was used to get the reader interested and conversationally involved with the texts. The lexical choice of the advertisers contained a dominant use of skill-indicative adjectives which portrayed the insurance companies as experts in their field and were used to evoke confidence in their expertise. Examples are „unfailing‟, „exceptional‟ and „skilled‟. There was also the use of morality indicative nouns, such as „integrity‟ strategically utilised to persuade potential customers about the trustworthiness of the company, and the use of riskindicative nouns for instance „disaster‟ to show that insuring was mandatory. Actionprovoking verbs such as „get‟ and „come‟ were used to encourage the reader to respond and act on what they had read. The syntactic option of the advertisers displayed a copious use of the simple sentence through which they declared their virtues and the benefits of patronising them. Pictorial rhetoric was designed to make participation in insurance appealing to the reader. Rhetorical devices such as symbolism, metaphor, hyperbole and personification were used to enhance their persuasive presentation. Creative and manipulative use of capital letters and typefaces of different sizes emphasised different aspects of the message. Insurance advertisers draw on linguistic, social, cultural, pictorial and aesthetic resources to build a strong persuasive discourse. The language of insurance advertisement revealed that insurance advertisers considered these media a powerful means of renewing the almost lost interest of the average Nigerian in participation in insurance 1 results 1
- Available literature on Ilaje society has been concerned with the legal framework of colonial rule, indigenous political structure, economic development and missionary activities. There has not been any extensive study on the Ugbo-Mahin conflict and its implications for social development. This study, therefore, examined the Ugbo-Mahin conflict in Ilaje area of Ondo state with specific focus on its implications for social relations, oil exploration and compensation, infrastructural development, kingship and religious institutions. The study also investigated and interrogated the pre-conflict pattern of interactions between the Ugbo and the Mahin and how they have been affected. The principal instrument of data collection for the study was the unstructured interview. In-depth interview were held with fifty community and opinion leaders from each of the two communities. Four Focus Group Discussions were held with persons knowledgeable about the conflict. Archival materials, petition and letters of protest and photographs were used. Data were also collected from reports of government commissions of inquiry, books, journals, newspapers and internet materials. The data were then subjected to content analysis. The Ugbo and Mahin had friendly relationship before the advent of colonial rule. The Ugbo-Mahin conflict dated back to the colonial period and is carried into contemporary times. The conflict has led to destruction of lives and property in the area. Different ethnic unions of parallel functions have emerged in the two communities. These unions have used their rivalry to stall industrial development by demanding separately for improved social life. The Ugbo-Mahin incessant conflicts have, thus, undermined development in the two communities such that there are no industrial estates, manufacturing companies and large business investment. The conflict has further put stress on marital harmony between the two groups. However, the conflict has not escalated into unmanageable situation because of the activities of the Ilaje Youth Forum, the National Association of Ilaje Students and Egbe OmoIlaje who are responsible for peace building and reconciliation of all aggrieved parties in both communities. In spite of the efforts of these associations, the marginalization of the Mahin in the compensation on oil spillage and other ecological problems occasioned by the oil exploration in Ugboland and the discrimination against them in appointment of representatives to oil commissions are some of the factors inhibiting sustainable peace and development. The Ugbo-Mahin conflict over the years had done incalculable damage and has not allowed harmonious relationship between two ethnic groups. There is a need for the promotion of non-violent means in managing the conflict and facilitation of peace education in the society. Both of which aim at psycho-social healing and psychological transformation towards peaceful co-existence in the two communities. There is need for the encouragement of inter-marriages and cultural re-integration of the two groups. 1 results 1
- Background Patent medicine vendors (PMVs) play vital roles in the delivery of family planning services in Nigeria and other developing countries. There is a growing recognition of the need to integrate them into the formal health care system as a strategy to increase the contraceptive prevalence rate and achieve universal health coverage.Though promising, the success of this proposition is largely dependent on a critical analysis of the factors which influence their operations. This study was designed to identify the contextual factors influencing the provision of injectable contraceptive services by PMVs and the broader effects of their activities on the health system to inform similar interventions in Nigeria. Methods This was a qualitative study guided by the UK Medical Research Council’s Framework for Complex Interventions. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted among officials of the association of PMVs, health workers, government regulatory officers and programme implementers who participated in a phased 3-year (2015–2018) intervention designed to enhance the capacity of PMVs to deliver injectable contraceptive services. The data were transcribed and analyzed thematically using NVIVO software. Results The contextual factors which had implications on the roles of PMVs were socio-cultural and religious, the failing Nigerian health system coupled with government regulatory policies. Other factors were interprofessional tensions and rivalry between the PMVs and some categories of health care workers and increasing donors’ interest in exploring the potentials of PMVs for expanded healthcare service provision. According to the respondents, the PMVs bridged the Nigerian health system service delivery gaps serving as the first point of contact for injectable contraceptive services and this increased contraceptive uptake in the study sites. A negative effect of their operation is the tendency to exceed their service provision limits, which has spurred a planned tiered PMV accreditation system. Conclusions This study has highlighted the contextual factors which define the roles and scope of practice of PMVs involved in injectable contraceptive service provision. Strategies and interventions aimed at expanding the healthcare delivery roles of PMVs must be encompassing to address the broader contextual factors which underpin their capacities and functions. 1 results 1
- Background: Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are generally becoming prevalent in Nigerian higher institutions. Although studies have shown that utilization of ICTs has great potential of ensuring effective delivery in teaching music as well as serve as valuable complimentary resource materials in musical arts educational endeavours, not much is however known about how Nigerian musical arts educators use ICT especially the music related softwares and the individual-level factors that affect ICT use, a gap in blow ledge this study attempted to fill. Materials and Method: A questionnaire was administered to thirty-eight musical arts educators proportionally selected from ten higher institutions in Nigeria offering music with the aim of finding out levels of information technology adoption and utilization, characteristics of ICT use by lecturers, and factors which influence ICT use. Findings: The results show that ICT is used by 94.7% of respondents in the survey. Regular use of ICT was independent of gender and academic rank but varied by institutions. Constraints faced by the music educators include lack of adequate organizational facilitation and lack of skill necessary to use ICT effectively. Other hindrances to ICT use are financial and epileptic electric power supply as well as volume of academics’ workload. Even though use of computers appears high, the potentials of ICTs for facilitating and enhancing music education in Nigeria are still not being fully explored. Conclusions: There is need for formulating educational policies and designing appropriate training and mentoring programs, as well as providing infrastructural support, to help musical arts educators explore the potentials of ICTs to facilitate their job functions. 1 results 1
- Background: Tuberculosis is the world’s deadliest infectious disease and a leading cause of death in Nigeria. The availability of a functional healthcare system is critical for effective TB service delivery and attainment of national and global targets. This study was designed to assess readiness for TB service delivery in Oyo and Anambra states of Nigeria. Methods: This was a facility-based study with a mixed-methods convergent parallel design. A multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 42 primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare facilities in two TB high burden states. Data were collected using key informant interviews, a semi-structured instrument adapted from the WHO Service. Availability and Readiness Assessment tool and facility observation using a checklist. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data were transcribed and analysed thematically. Data from both sources were integrated to generate conclusions. Results: The domain score for basic amenities in both states was 48.8%; 47.0% in Anambra and 50.8% in Oyo state with 95% confidence interval [− 15.29, 7.56]. In Oyo, only half of the facilities (50%) had access to constant power supply compared to 72.7% in Anambra state. The overall general service readiness index for both states was 69.2% with Oyo state having a higher value (73.3%) compared to Anambra with 65.4% (p = 0.56). The domain score for availability of staff and TB guidelines was 57.1% for both states with 95% confidence interval [− 13.8, 14.4]. Indicators of this domain with very low values were staff training for the management of HIV and TB co-infection and training on MDR -TB. Almost half (47.6%) of the facilities experienced a stock out of TB drugs in the 3 months preceding the study. The overall tuberculosis-specific service readiness index for both states was 75%; this was higher in Oyo (76.5%) than Anambra state (73.6%) (p = 0.14). Qualitative data revealed areas of deficiencies for TB service delivery such as inadequate infrastructure, poor staffing, and gaps with continuing education on TB management. Conclusions: The weak health system remains a challenge and there must be concerted actions and funding by the government and donors to improve the TB healthcare systems. 1 results 1
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